Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: a takaice biography, photos, art, facts na rayuwa

Daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar Figures a Rasha al'adun karshen XVIII - farkon XIX ƙarni ya Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Ya kasance wani shahararren adadi, kuma kamar yadda mai dattaku da kuma matsayin mawãƙi, wanda shi ne marubucin da ya fi shahara waka a lokacinsa, imbued tare da ruhun da haske. 'Yan mutane zai iya yin haka da yawa domin raya al'adun kasar, kamar yadda Gabriel Derzhavin. Biography da kuma aiki da wannan mutum mai girma, babu shakka, cancanci cikakken nazari.

A tarihin

Amma kafin ka fara zuwa koyi da hujjojin da na rayuwa Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, bari taƙaice dubi tarihin da na iyalinsa.

Family Derzhavins da Tatar asalinsu. The kafa na irin dauke taro Murza Braga ta Portugal, wanda ya koma a cikin XV karni a cikin sabis na Grand Duke na Moscow Vasily II da Dark , kuma aka yi musu baftisma da sunan Ilya. Ganin cewa sabon tuba ya da wani Tatar bafadan, Prince ba shi da daraja na nobility.

Muna da wani dan Brahim Narbekov a baftisma kira Dimitri shi ne ɗan fari na irin wanda ya faru Narbekova, kuma daga ƙaramin - Alexei Narbekova, da ake kira The Power kawai kafa Derzhavins daular.

Zuriyar cikin wadanda suka kafa irin gaba daya Russified, wanda sun fi mayar da falala a kansu da yawa aure da wakilan da Rasha nobility, ya dauki gagarumin matsayi da sarakuna, da sarakunan Rasha jihar. A musamman, gwamnonin da kuma hidima. A nan ne kawai zuriya daga cikin shahararrun iyali da kuma ya Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

matasa Derzhavin

Rayuwa Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina fara Yuli 3 (bisa ga tsohon Chronology) 1743. A sa'an nan da aka haife shi a kauyen Sokurov Kazan lardin a cikin iyali na soja jami'in Roman Nikolaevich Derzhavin da Fokly Kozlova.

Saboda yanayin soja sabis N. Roman iyali yana da don matsawa kullum daga wuri zuwa wuri. Duk da haka, Gavriil Romanovich rasa mahaifinsa a shekaru 11.

A nan gaba mawãƙi fara samun ilimi a shekaru bakwai, lokacin da ya aika zuwa karatu a gidan baki. Duk da haka, saboda da talauci, wanda birgima saukar da iyali bayan da asarar breadwinner, su ci gaba da ilimi da aka quite wuya. Duk da haka, a cikin 1759, Gabriel Derzhavin zo a Kazan a cikin makaranta dakin motsa jiki irin, wanda ya samu nasarar kammala a shekara uku, yana nuna wasu daga cikin mafi kyau koyo sakamakon. Duk da haka, a kan wannan ya horo ƙare. Irin wannan ilimi ko a cikin waɗancan kwanaki aka dauke waje.

Nan da nan bayan samun digiri, Gavriil Romanovich aka ɗauke ni a matsayin mai zaman kansa soja a matsara na Transfiguration. Akwai ya fara rubuta da farko ayar. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan naúrar ya halarci wani juyin mulki a 1762 kifar da Sarkin sarakuna Peter III da sarautarsa na Catherine, daga baya mai lakabin Mai girma. Wannan hujja ne to babban har nuna a nan gaba aiki.

A shekaru goma bayan juyin mulkin Gabriel Derzhavin karshe samun daraja da jami'in, da kuma a shekara daga baya aka farko da aka buga da waqe. A lokaci guda, ya bambanta kansa a yaki da fitina da Pugachev.

A jama'a sabis

Bayan ritaya daga soja a 1777, godiya ta zuwa ga nasu bukatar a wata wasika zuwa ga Empress Catherine, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich ke da aikin farar hula. Bugu da kari, ya samu wani 300 manoman kan. Bayan wani tsawon watanni shida zama Executioner a majalisar dattijai. A 1780 da ya zama mai ba da shawara a kan gwamnatin kudaden shiga da kuma kashe kudi, wanda yake shi ne quite wani m matsayi.

Tartsatsi daraja kamar yadda wani mawãƙi Derzhavin samu a watan Julin 1782, tare da littafin da ya Ode "Felitsa" sadaukar da tasbihinsa na Empress Catherine II. Hakika, wannan aikin yana cike da flattery zuwa ga mafi girman mutum, amma a lokaci guda, shi ne sosai m, kuma kai tsaye da gudummawar da kara aiki na marubucin. Shi ne kuma gode masa, ya lashe ni'imar da Empress Gabriel Derzhavin. Tarihinsa a nan gaba kunshi Mutuwa aiki ci gaba. A wannan shekara, ya zama wata jiha councilor.

A 1783, Cibiyar da aka kafa a St. Petersburg, da kuma mawãƙi tun bude shi ya zama cikakken memba.

Duk da haka, ba za mu iya ce cewa duk da yake da shi da cikakken smoothly a cikin jama'a da sabis. Saboda wani rikici da wani babban jami'in sarkin Vyazemsky, tsohon ya zama majiɓinci, ya yi ritaya Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Brief biography sa shi yiwuwa a mayar da hankali a kan duk maki na harka.

Duk da haka, tuni a 1784 ya aka aika zuwa sarrafa Olonets yankin a Karelia. Akwai Gavriil Romanovich zira mai ƙwazo a kafa harkokin rayuwar jama'a da kuma tattalin arzikin yankin, game da shi nuna ta high ƙungiya talanti. Wannan lokaci na rayuwa da kuma ƙasar, kore ta mawãƙi, sadaukar da wani gwaji jikin shayari Derzhavin.

Bayan shekaru biyu ya bayar da wata fa'ida fiye da matsayi na gwamnan Tambov, sulivshuyu more samun kudin shiga da kuma gata.

Pinnacle na aiki

A halin yanzu, fiye da mafi sabis cinma Heights Derzhavin Gavriil. A takaice, a cikin 1791, ya zama sakatare na empress Catherine, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ciyar da su da daraja na Sanata da kuma kãshi councilor. Daga yanzu ba za mu iya amince ce cewa Derzhavin sanya shi ga Elite na Rasha al'umma.

A 1795 Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich koka game da lakabi na shugaban kasar na kasuwanci College - jama'a dalĩli, wanda aikin ya zuwa sarrafa da kuma kula da cinikayya. Hakika, shi kuwa mai riba matsayi.

Bayan Catherine ta mutuwa, a zamanin mulkin Paul na Gavriil Romanovich zama jiha treasurer da mulkin majalisar dattijai Chancellery. Sa'ad da Bulus ya gaje Alexander I a 1802. Derzhavin samu ministoci fayil zama ministan shari'a. A da pinnacle na sabis aiki.

murabus

Amma riga a 1803 yana da shekaru sittin da shekaru, ministan shari'a murabus da kuma taba koma zuwa ga jama'a sabis, ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa a daya daga cikin kadarori a kauyen Zvanka Novgorod lardin. Akwai da dama daga dalilai da ya kai ga cewa da ya tilasta su ja da baya Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Brief biography zai baka damar kawai lissafa su, ba tare da tantancewa bayani. Wannan ci-gaba shekaru, da gajiya na jama'a da sabis na Derzhavin, da kuma babban abu - da so ya kau da sabon favorites Alexander I.

Duk da haka, a wannan taron, akwai m al'amurran: murabus daga Gavriil Romanovich yarda su mayar da hankali a kan wallafe-wallafen aiki.

A baya aiki

Creativity Gabriel Derzhavin ne m yanayi domin ta lokaci. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, na farko da na waqoqi da ya rubuta, a matsayin mai zaman kansa a cikin Guard Transfiguration. Duk da haka, wannan shayari Derzhavin rubuta more wa kansa fiye da zuwa janar review.

Na farko da na waqoqi da aka buga kawai shekaru goma daga baya a 1773, lokacin da Derzhavin riga gudanar da wani jami'in matsayi. Amma daukakar jihar matakin haka ya zo da Ode zuwa "Felitsa" sadaukar da All-Russian Empress Catherine II. Wannan aiki ya rife da compliments da yabo wadanada, amma a lokaci guda abun da ke ciki da ball quite siriri, da kuma aiki misãli Ode sa a kan wani par da mafi girma halittun da zamani shayari da ita.

Sai bayan da littafin da "Felitsa" Derzhavin ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun kasida na Rasha ya lokaci.

Bugu da ari aiki

Wuya rabo da Gabriel Derzhavin. Facts ransa ya nuna cewa ko da mafi girman ranking gwamnatin posts, bai manta game shayari. Wannan lokaci ayyuka sun hada da rubuce-rubuce na da irin wannan wurin hutawa ayyukansa kamar yadda "Thunder nasara peal," "Swan", "Allah", "grandee", "Falls" kuma da yawa wasu. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa na ra'ayi fasali da kuma dacewa batutuwa. Alal misali, "Thunder nasara peal" da aka saita zuwa music, kuma zuwa tsakiyar karni na XIX aka dauke da unofficial take na Rasha. Wani halittar mawãƙi "Autumn a kewaye da Ochakov" wani irin waka-mai kira zuwa mataki a kan Ottoman sojojin. A samfurin kamar "Swan" da "waterfall" da aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Derzhavina zauna a Karelia.

Derzhavin rubuta waqoqi a matsayin lyric da almara, da nufin kiwon da morale da daukaka na Empress da Rasha Empire. A kowane daga cikin ayyukansa da kansa dandano na musamman.

Abin lura shi ne cewa mafiya yawa daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Gavriil Romanovich jerin baƙaƙe zo kawai a lokacin da ya fi girma aiki gabatarwa a cikin aikin farar hula.

Wallafe-wallafen aikin bayan ritaya

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da murabus daga gwamnatin sabis yarda Derzhavin duƙufa karin lokaci zuwa shayari kuma adabi a general.

A 1808 ya aka bayar da sabon edition daga cikin ayyukansa a cikin biyar sassa.

A shekarar 1811, tare da sauran manyan Figures na Rasha al'adun kasar Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym ritaya Halicci wallafe-wallafen al'umma. Halittar wannan kungiyar, haƙĩƙa, daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka da cewa zai zama alfahari da Gabriel Derzhavin. Brief biography, da rashin alheri, Narrows da ikon yinsa, daga cikin labari da kuma ba ya bayyana, daki-daki cikin ayyukan da al'umma.

Na musamman rubutu ya zama sananne a nan gaba taron Derzhavin tare da babban Rasha mawãƙi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Duk da haka, yayin da Pushkin har yanzu dalibi da kuma ba shi daukaka, amma Gavriil Romanovich, shan jarrabawa, ko a lokacin lura da shi da makings wata baiwa. Wannan gagarumin taron ya faru a shekara kafin Derzhavin mutuwa a 1815.

iyali

Gabriel Derzhavin aka aure sau biyu. A karo na farko ya yi aure yana da shekaru 35 da shekaru goma sha shida zuwa Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, wanda shi ne 'yar wani valet hambararren Sarkin sarakuna Peter III, wani tsohon Portuguese. Saboda haka wannan bakon for Rasha surname. A bikin aure ya faru a 1778. Tsakanin newlyweds sun kyawawan m ji, wanda shi ne ba abin mamaki ba, idan akai la'akari da mutuntakar Gavriil Romanovich da kuma kyakkyawa Catherine Yakovlevna. Ba abin mamaki ba Derzhavin ĩmãni matarsa Muse cewa wahayi kerawa.

Amma farin ciki ba har abada, kuma Gabriel Derzhavin yalwaci mai girma baƙin ciki. Ya matasa matarsa, kasancewa kawai 34 years old, ya mutu a 1794. Ta ne a sauran a cikin Lazarev hurumi a St. Petersburg.

Ko da yake Gavriil Romanovich baƙin ciki san babu haddi, a cikin watanni shida bayan mutuwar matarsa ya auri a karo na biyu. Ya da ita 'yar manyan m da kuma jihar councilor Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. A lokacin da aure da amarya ne kawai shekaru 28 da haihuwa, yayin da Derzhavin - shekaru 51. Ba dole ne a ce cewa, sabanin da mawãƙi ta farko aure, wannan jam'iyya da aka ba a gina a kan soyayya, amma a kan aminci da girmama juna. Darya Alekseevna tsira mijinta ta kamar yadda shekaru 26, amma amma duk da haka a karo na biyu da aure bai fito.

Yara a Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina ya ba, amma ya ɗauki yaron kula da matattu aboki Peter Lazarev, sunansa Andrew, Alex da kuma Michael. A karshen su a nan gaba zama majagaba na Antarctica.

mawãƙi ta mutuwa

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin ya mutu a Estate Zvanka, inda ya rayu dukan waɗannan shekaru bayan murabus daga ministoci post. Haka ya faru a cikin saba'in da uku shekarar da mawãƙi ta rayuwa a kan Yuli 8, (tsohon style), 1816. A lokacin rasuwar gefe ya na aminci matar Darya Alekseevna.

Amma baya daga matarsa, da asarar irin wannan iko al'adu luminary ya lokaci, ba shakka, baqin ciki da wani gagarumin ɓangare na Rasha kawo dukkan da ilimi mutane, kazalika da mutanen da suka kawai sun saba da Gavriil Romanovich kuma san shi a matsayin m da kuma daraja mutumin.

Gabriel Derzhavin binne shi a Mai Tsarki Transfiguration Cathedral, wanda aka located ba da nisa daga Novgorod.

A sakamakon na rayuwa da kuma wasiyya da

Ã'a hadaddun, arziki da kuma ban sha'awa rayuwar Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Facts daga biography nuna muhimmancin rawar da wannan mutum a cikin al'adu rayuwa na kasar da kuma a cikin zamantakewa. Na musamman muhimmancin ne ya sabis da Rasha Empire a daban-daban gwamnati matsayi. Amma, mafi muhimmanci wasiyya da ita bar Gabriel Derzhavin - shi ne, ba shakka, ya m shayari, girmamawa sabili da ya Sahaban matsayin wani mawãƙi, da zuriyar.

Kuma yanzu a Rasha tuna cewa mite cewa sanya Gavriil Romanovich a cikin ci gaban kasa da al'adunsu. A cikin tunawa da babban waƙen da aka evidenced da yawa Monuments, steles da plaques kafa Derzhavin a daban-daban biranen Rasha, musamman, a Petrozavodsk, Kazan, St. Petersburg, Tambov, kuma, ba shakka, a kan ƙasa da gidan gona Zvanka located in Novgorod yankin inda baiwa ciyar karshe shekaru ransa. Bugu da kari, a cikin girmamawa Gabriel Derzhavin a al'umomi da ake kira tituna, murabba'ai, makarantu da sauransu. D.

Baya kamata a sanya kayan gargajiya-estate na babban waƙen. Sai ya zama a wannan gidan yayin da a kan wajibi a St. Petersburg mazaunin Gabriel Derzhavin. Photos of Estate da Polish lambu da aka gabatar a kasa.

Yanzu, wannan gini yana dauke da babban gidan kayan gargajiya sadaukar da rai da kuma aiki Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. Yau da matsayi tsohon Estate samu kawai a 2003, ko da yake yanke shawara a kan kafa na gidan kayan gargajiya da aka sanya a cikin shekaru biyar kafin wannan. A shekaru baya, akwai kabilu. Yanzu, da ginin, da ciki na rayuwar Annabi Derzhavin.

Hakika, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da irin wannan fice hali kamar yadda Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, bai cancanci da gushewa, kuma ba za a manta a Rasha ba za ta.