Don Cossack Stepan Timofeevich Razin: biography, tarihi, key kwanakin da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Stepan Timofeevich Razin aka haife shi a 1630, shekara, kamar yadda muka sani, karanta Streiss aiki, wani matafiyi daga Netherlands. Suna da 'yan tarurruka. A 1670, marubucin ya lura a cikin aikinsa cewa abõkinsa fara tafiya biyar shekaru goma. Mutane da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa su koyi game da wannan tarihi adadi a kasa daga cikin labarin.

Hasashe game da haihuwarsa

Coast Don shi ne na farko gidan da ya Stepan Timofeevich Razin. Sada bayanai ba ya bayar da mafi daidai da bayanai. Akwai version, wanda shi ne mafi abin dogara da kuma furta cewa, ya aka haife shi a kauyen Zimoveyskoy. Yanzu wannan ƙasa ba da sunan Pugachovskoy.

Wasu masu bincike sun karyata wannan version. A yawa hasashe ne har yanzu akwai a kusa da shafin na haihuwar Stepana Timofeevicha Razina. Tarihinsa zai iya bambanta da marubuta daban-daban. Alal misali, wasu suna da'awar cewa ya aka haife shi a Cherkassk, wanda shi ne yanzu a Rostov yankin. Saboda haka ya kasance akwai gaske Razin Stepan Timofeevich irin Circassian sultans? Folk hadisai ne daban-daban daga juna.

Ya haifuwa ake kira da kuma da dama sauran kwaminonin, kamar Esaulovsky ko Kagalnitsky. Duk da haka, tarihi songs da ake kira da home to shi Cherkassk.

rayuwa

Stepan Timofeevich Razin ya dogon ja hankalin mutane da dama. Around hali aka kafa almara da kuma bullar Rasha cinema. A cikin West, ya zama na farko da Rasha Stenka wanda kare rubutun a kawai 'yan shekaru bayan mutuwarsa.

Ya mutu kafin a kai ga tsũfa Razin Stepan Timofeevich. Game da 1630-1671 shekaru. Ya rayu da kuma yin ayyukansa. Shi da iyalinsa sun kasance batun da jama'a qagaggun, wanda Kawo sabon bayani yi na shi kusan dama hali.

Kafin akwai wani boren

Quite ban sha'awa ne biography Razina Stepana Timofeevicha. Key kwanakin ransa fara daga 1652, shekarar. A wannan lokacin ya kasance jigo, kuma ta nagarta na da ikon wakiltar Don warriors. Razin Stepan Timofeevich - Cossack, wanda ya riga ya m kwarewa a soja harkokin, da kuma jin dadin girmamawa na da 'yan'uwansa a cikin makamai. Ko a farkon shekara ya riga ya da makings jagoranci.

Stepan Timofeevich Razin suka yi jihãdi a cikin kamfanin yayansa Ivan a matsayin wani ɓangare na Don sojojin. 1661 A shekarar da muhimmanci cewa yayin tattaunawar da aka gudanar tare da Kalmyks. Companion warrior ya Fedor Budan da Cossacks daga Don kuma Zaporozhye. Tattauna da kafa zaman lafiya da na kowa matakai ga fitar da Tatars daga Crimea da Nogais.

1663rd shekara rubuta su a littafin tarihin matsayin lokacin da Razin Stepan Timofeevich jagoranci Don da Cossacks, Kalmyks ga warriors na Crimea, sun kasance a ƙarƙashin da Perekop.

A 1665-mita, Dolgorukov aka kashe wa shugaban. Haka ya faru, lokacin da rikici ya barke, yayin da sojojin da suka so zuwa Don, duk da sarauta sabis. Stepan Timofeevich Razin da aka cika da muradin ka saka yarima, kazalika da dukan yanayi na sarki. Ya kuma so don samun wani free kuma m rayuwa ga 'yan'uwansu, waɗanda suka bĩ shi. Great ideas fara kai Razin Stepan Timofeevich. Zaporizhzhya Sich ya kamata ya zama abin koyi na soja da mulkin demokra] tsarin ga dukan na Rasha jihar.

A lokacin tawaye

Ya ɗaukaka motsi. Dalilin wannan za a iya kira zuwa tsananta halin da ake ciki a cikin zaman jama'a da shirin, wanda suka yi sarauta a ƙasar Cossacks. A cibiyar na wadannan matakai da aka Don. A kewaye yankin bayyana more gudun hijira manoma. Wannan za a iya dangana ga ambaliya na Majalisar Code a 1647, da shekara. Mutane sun kasance a cikin cikakken zaman talala, da yayi a ɗaure ƙafa da hannu da nobility.

Me ya sa wannan mutum da aka jera a cikin "Great Rasha mutane"? Razin Stepan Timofeevich ba mutane damar numfasawa da yardar kaina, don zama Cossacks, free warriors. Duk da yake kowa da kowa zai so a daina jin zane karfi. Kuma cewa yiwuwar ya Stepan Timofeevich Razin. Biography of Don Cossacks bai tuna da manyan Estate ko kabila dangantaka, wanda da yawa wasu gwamnonin. ya rayu a cikin ƙasa na yankin kan daidai gabãtarwar da sauransu. Don shi aka yi amfani da kalmar "golutvenny" Cossack. Ya tsaya baya daga haihuwa-Ms. ya so ga kowa mutane, da babu wani gagarumin dukiya, ba gorin sunayen sarauta.

Wanda ke Stepan Timofeevich Razin? Wannan shi ne duka wani gwarzo ne, ɗan fashi. Ya kasance mai ceto ga 'yan uwa, da kuma bala'i ga wanda ya kai farmaki. A bayi domin zuwa Volga fashi. Ya a lokacin da aka bukata daraja da kuma kayan albarkatun. More arziki da kuma sanannen Cossacks dauki nauyin wadannan tafiye-tafiye a kan yanayin raba ganima. Duk da rundunõninsa - Yaik, Don kuma Terek - aka hannu a wadannan ayyukan.

Razin Stepan Timofeevich irin na Masar Sultans ya zama cibiyar kewaye da wanda ya tara da matalauta, ta hanyar abin da za su iya ji muhimmanci da dama mutane, kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Cossack sojojin.

Talakawa hanzari girma da kuma zama ƙara m saboda da runaway serfs wanda ya so ya shiga tawaye.

1667 th shekara shi ne lokacin da Cossacks karkashin jagorancin Razin. A cikin bazara akwai game da 700 da sojoji a kan Volga-Don Perevoloki. An kara da sabon yan tawayen, sabõda haka suka kasance biyu dubu mutane. Suka wuce kusa da Volga da Yaik. Manufar ya zuwa bayyana rashin jituwa da manufofin na Moscow gwamnati da kuma kawancen da cinikayya hanya, wucewa ta cikin kogin. Royal mahukunta amsa zuwa ga kalubale da kuma karo faru.

A ci gaba da Cossack sojojin

Stepan Timofeevich Razin shekaru ransa sadaukar da sa na kamfe, kuma wannan ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci. Yana fara a watan Mayu 1667-th. Sojojinsa ya tafi da Volga. Kusa da Tsaritsyno da rundunar Shorin, bako kasar, kazalika da sauran shugabannin 'yan kasuwa. Da dama daga cikin jiragen ruwa suna located nan da sarki Iosaf, kamar yadda daga baya nadãmã. Stenka tare da 'yan fashi sun kai hari a jiragen ruwa, wawushe su, a karkashe su karkashẽwa da clerks da shugabannin kotunan.

By kuma manyan, da Cossacks sau da yawa tsunduma a looting. Daga baya, duk da haka, mai sau sata escalated a cikin wani tawaye, sun sãɓa wa gwamnatin ci maharba kuma dauki Yaitsky gari. Winter aka za'ayi a kan ƙasa na Yaik. Lokacin da ya yi da 1668-th shekara, wani sabon fagen fama ya zama ruwan yankin na Caspian Sea. Ƙara zauna Don Cossacks, cherkastsev da kuma mazauna wasu gundumomi na Rasha. Akwai wani yaki da shah ta sojojin kusa Rasht, wani birni na Farisa.

Shi ne mai wuya yaki, wanda ya ƙare tattaunawar. A wannan tsari, Suleyman Shah ziyarci sarki manzo da kuma Rasha ya ruwaito cewa barayi raka'a kau da kai teku. Farisa kira hutu razintsev. A sa'an nan da tattaunawa da kuma m. A Cossacks aka ɗaure ciki daidai. Daya daga cikinsu ya mutu daga fitinar na karnuka. A 'yan tawayen da wani zabi amma ya dauki Farabat kuma zauna a can domin hunturu, yanke daga sojojin abokan gaba.

almara events

Sa'an nan ya zo cikin shekara 1669, an dama da fadace-fadace a kan ƙasa na "Trukhmen ƙasar." Akwai Katse sauran Razin, a Cossack lakabi kwana. Lokacin da sojojin samu zuwa alfarwa tsibirin, sun kai harin da shah ta maza, umarta ta Mamed Khan. Sun yi rayuwa da mutuwa.

Makiya clasped ya jiragen ruwa da aka kewaye da sarkar da Don Cossacks, amma da dabarun bai biya kashe. Jirgin flagship abokin nutse. Sa'an nan razintsy aikatã game da sauran rundunar motoci. Da suka gudanar a kammala da wani fursuna, 'yar kuma dan, kwamandan da Persian Navy.

A sakamakon haka, a Persian gimbiya Razin tashin hankali, nutsar da yarinya a cikin Volga River, kamar yadda aka daga baya hada da song. Cossacks lashe, amma har yanzu akwai wani yawan matsaloli. Sefividskie sojojin da aka gabatowa, domin wannan dalilin, wadannan ya zama Haven razintsev Astrakhan. Ya yi shawarwari tare da shugabannin al'ummu. A sakamakon haka, Razin aka validly soma Knyazhye akwai Prozorovsky farko na yaki wanda aka rasa da Cossacks zuwa Don. Ga shi ya biya da isar da bindigogi a raba samar kayayyakinsa da fursunoni kama abokan gaba. Duk da haka, da sojoji gudanar ya wuce ba tare da cikar wadannan yanayi.

The yaki na manoma,

Akwai wani sabon shekaru goma. Kamar yadda a kullum, sojoji suka fara a cikin bazara na 1670. Again, yin tafiya zuwa Volga. Yanzu ba kawai fashi, amma a real tawaye, wanda ya karkashin irin wannan matsayi da kuma matsayi. Kowane mutum, wanda ya so ya so da kuma 'yanci, da aka kira da sabis na Razin.

Domin jigo ya ba da kifar da sarki, amma ya so ya kayar da nan tsarin da aka yi daga dabbõbi manoma. Shirya kawar da darajoji, wanda ya wakilci clerks, da mahukunta da malamai wanda ake zargin ya canza fadar mulki. Yana da aka narkar a ji game da gano razintsev Tsarevich Alexei, wanda da gaske ya mutu tun Janairu.

Sun kuma da'awar cewa suna da iko a kan rayuwar da sarki Nikon. A gaskiya ma, ya kawai ya tafi zuwa ga link. Razintsy shagaltar da sansanin soja da kuma birnin da aka gabatar a can da na'urar aikatã game da gida shugabanni, lalata takardun. Idan suka hadu a kan Volga m, shi kama da sata.

"The wasika daga Stepan Timofeyevich Razin a kan" - cewa kanun labarai yayin da daftarin aiki da aka aiko zuwa ga zanga-zanga. Tambayi bauta wa Allah kuma jihar, kazalika da tallafawa sojojin da shugaban, ba duk da cin amanar da mutanen da suka sha jinin mutane. Ya zama dole su zo da jirgin zuwa Cossacks.

Massively tayar manoma da kuma tare da jigo daga cikin Volga a lokacin da yake yakin neman zabe. A gida yankin da aka kwanan nan bautar da talakawa mutane ba su yarda su sa up tare da rashi na 'yanci. Fadace-fadace da aka gudanar a karkashin jagorancin Cossack gwamnan wannan wuri. A yãƙi fara Maris, Tatars, Chuvash da Mordovians.

Tsarina aka kama, kazalika da Samara, ya dauki Astrakhan, Saratov kuma hore sauran sansanin soja. A cikin fall na 1670, da shekara ƙare tare da gazawar da kewaye aiki a karkashin Simbirsk. Sarki a wannan wuri da sojojin da aka aiko a cikin adadin 60 dubu ga kashe mutanen da ta karuwa. Razintsy ci su da yaƙi a kusa Simbirsk.

Voivod ya sa'an nan Yuri Baryatinsky. Razin kansa haddasa tsanani rauni, ya aka dauka zuwa Don amintacce mutane. Ga wasu lokaci shi ya kasance wani Haven Kagalitsky gari. Shi ne daga can ya koma zuwa yaƙin neman zaɓe a shekara da suka wuce. Ataman har yanzu yana son ta da tsare-tsaren da tarin sabon sojojin. A halin da ake ciki da aka aggravated, da kuma Sarkin fushin ya riga ya yi nisa da kawayeniya barazana. Ataman Yakovlev Kornila da sauran Cossacks ci amanar ta shugaba, wucewa da shi fursuna a ranar 13 Afrilu 1671, shekarar da hari Kagalitskogo. Razin da aka bai da sojojin Rasha.

Bauta da kuma mutuwa

A watan Afrilu 1671, shekarar da aka tuna da cewa Ataman Frolka da ɗan'uwansu, wanda ya matasa, fiye da shi, sun kasance a hannun sarki henchmen. Suka dauka fursuna. Sun riƙi Kosogov Gregory - boyi da kuma Bogdanov Andrey - magatakarda.

'Yan tawayen aka kawo Moscow a tsakiyar watan Yuni, suka mai tsanani azaba. A cikin wannan watan Stepan kai ga scaffold, kuma quartered. Dukan yankin kasance mai shaida. A jumla ya dade. 'Yan tawayen saurari tare da kwanciyar hankali. Ya yi bankwana da wani nod ga coci. A Executioner aka farko yanke dama hannu har zuwa gwiwar hannu da. Sai aka katse hagu kafa a gwiwa, kuma a karshe da shugaban. Kafin Stepan fille kansa da ɗan'uwansa Frol kokarin rokonka gafara daga gare Ni, amma ya samu kawai a kananan jinkirta daga mutuwa. Ya aka kashe a wannan wuri da kuma a cikin wannan hanya.

A wannan soja mataki a kan Volga ya ba karshen. Cossack mashãwarta zama Vasiliy Mu kuma Fyodor Sheludyak. Astrakhan aka dauka daga razintsev dakarun gwamnati a watan Nuwamba 1671 th. An musamman m yaƙi, da ta kawo karshen adawa.

Hankali daga kasashen waje

Turai 'yan siyasa da aka kallon da ayyuka na Razin. A mafi muhimmanci cinikayya hanyoyi kasance, a kan gungumen azaba a cikin wannan yaki. Suka tuntube da Turai Farisa da Rasha. Duk da yake 'yan tawayen da aka gudanar a layi daya yãƙi a Jamus, Ingila da Netherlands. A cikin wadannan kasashe, da aka buga articles da littattafai game da Kasadar da shugaban. Wasu bayanai sun fantastic tare da muhimmanci bayanai.

Baƙi kallo a matsayin Cossack kawo wa babban birnin kasar kamar yadda wani fursuna da kuma hukuncin kisa. Gama sarki yana da musamman m nuna cewa ikon ne gaba ɗaya a hannunsa, kuma babu wanda zai iya girgiza shi. Musamman wasu dan daba wanda ya zo daga matalauta.

Ko da yake cin nasara ba tukuna karshe, shi ne har yanzu shugaban Cossacks mutuwa duba sosai ban sha'awa. Daya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka a kan wannan batu shi ne, "Uku tafiya", wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Yan Streys. Ya halarta da bore, ziyarci yankin da ake sarrafawa ta hanyar Razin. Ga halittar wannan labarin amfani kansa lura da kayan da cewa marubuci koya daga bayanin da wasu marubuta.

Kimiyya da kuma wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka

A 1674 ganuwar masana tarihi Wittenberg Cibiyar kare da aikin, wanda ya gaya na exploits na shugaban. Aiki da yawa sau Aka sake buga shi a cikin 17-18 ƙarni, Pushkin nuna ta sha'awar.

Daga bisani, da gwarzo na tayar da kayar baya suka fara shirya yawa Legends. Alal misali, game da shi za mu iya karanta a cikin aikin "Yaya Stepan Timofeevich Razin bar gidan yari."

A Ataman aka hada jama'a songs a Rasha. A wasu idealized shi a matsayin gwarzo, yana kirari a wani almara yaƙi. Wani lokacin da dangantaka da Ermak Timofeevich, wani sanannen Cossack, wanda nasara Siberia. Akwai karin m aiki, saitin fita dryly rubuce facts, biography da abubuwan tarihin da.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ya shafe shekaru uku Razin da ayyukansu. Har ila yau, rubuta game da shi DM Lambu. A 1908 akwai na farko alama fim samar a Rasha. Yana da aka kira "Ponizova libertines." Giljarovsky VA Na rubuta wata waka da ake kira "Stenka Razin".

Duk wani sauyi ƙungiyoyi bukatar wani karfi shugaban wanda zai iya jefa tafi tsõro da kai da girma talakawa. Da general bautar da mutane, ina bukatar wani wanda zai tattara da kuma shirya su domin cimma yanci. Stepan Razin yi Cossacks wannan iyali, hadade karfi cewa ya yi yaƙi domin 'yancinsu. Yana ne irin wannan m, kuma m, ya zo mana daga shafukan tarihi. Ko a kan deathbed, ya nuna babu alamar tsoro, da kuma zuwa karshe numfashi makale wa views. Yana da wadannan halaye da kuma ayyukansu sun sanya shi wani gagarumin tarihi adadi da kuma gwarzo na almara.