Gornostay ne dabba mai tundra. Hanyoyi da hanyoyi na samar da abinci

Gornostai na ƙarni da yawa an dauke shi da dabbobi mai mahimmanci, gashi, kullun, da kuma gashin gashi daga jikin mutane masu daraja. A nasa ne da iyali na weasel, da kuma kama wani shafa, amma kadan ya fi girma fiye da ita. Dangane da jima'i da kuma yanayin geography, ƙananan hanyoyi masu yawa sun bambanta daga 90 zuwa 350 g, ya kamata a tuna cewa maza sukan yi la'akari da sau biyu a matsayin mata. Tsawon jiki yana daga 17 zuwa 33 cm, kuma wutsiya - 12-13 cm Daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanci, amma a lokaci guda masu tsinkayen jini na jini ne ermine. Dabba yana da hakora 34 masu kaifi.

Bayanin bayanin ermine

Dabba yana kama da kamannin da yake damuwa, amma ya fi girma. Jiki yana da elongated, mai sauƙi kuma mai sauqi sosai, ƙananan raƙuman ba su da ɗan gajeren lokaci, akwai ƙwayar ruwa a tsakanin yatsunsu, amma an raunana shi. Rigun yana da tsawo sosai, game da 1/3 na akwati, ko ma ya fi tsayi, na bakin ciki, gashin gashin ba shine lokacin farin ciki ba, a ƙarshen akwai ɗan gajere. Fur yana da kyau sosai a cikin hunturu, to, ya dace da snugly, lokacin farin ciki, silky. Don koyi da dabbaccen dabba a cikin yanayi, ba'a buƙatar hoto ba, tun da dabba yana da siffar halayya. Yana da launuka guda biyu kawai: a lokacin rani zai iya fariya da launin ruwan kwallia da kuma launin fari, amma a cikin hunturu, don mafi kyau kyamara, mai mahimmanci ya canza cikin gashin gashi mai dusar gashi, ko da yake tip din wutsiya ne baki baki.

Yanki na rarraba ermine

Mazauninsu Wannan kananan predator fairly na kowa. Za a iya ganin dutsen na ko'ina a cikin iyakar Turai, a arewacin Asiya, a New Zealand, kuma a Arewacin Amirka. A Eurasia, yankunan da aka rarraba daga arewa suna da iyaka da bakin tekun Arctic Ocean, kuma daga kudanci ta hanyar yankunan da ke karkashin kasa. A wannan yanayin, dabbobi basu kula da inda suke zama ba. Suna jin dadi sosai a kan filayen da kuma a duwatsu. Alal misali, ƙananan hanyoyi suna hawa zuwa tsawon kilomita 3-4, saboda haka ana samunsu a cikin Himalayas da Pamirs.

Haunin dabba

Idan aka la'akari da fadin sararin samaniya wanda aka gano ermine, za'a iya tabbatar da cewa mai sharuddan ba mai da hankali ga mazaunin. Wannan shi ne wani hali dabba daga taiga da tundra, duk da cewa Siberia ne daya daga cikin coldest wurare a duniya, da wakilan da weasel yana da wuya a ɓõye, a cikin impenetrable thickets flattering, fifita su kasance a bude filin. Ana iya ganin burbushin wani ermine a cikin ambaliyar ƙananan koguna, a lacustrine depressions. Dabbobin da ke cikin yankunan dutse na Siberia sun isa yankunan gurasar, inda suke zaune tare da pikas a cikin tsintsin dutse. Gornostayev ba za a iya kiransa dabbobi masu jin kunya ba, don haka sukan zauna kusa da ƙauyuka don su iya sata qwai.

Kamar sauran dabbobi na tundra, da ermine ne masu zama a gida. Idan akwai abinci mai yawa a yankin da aka mallaka, ba zai iya barin dabba ba, musamman a lokacin sanyi. Idan mai tsinkaye ya zauna a cikin ambaliyar ruwa, to, dukiyarsa tana da yawa a kan iyakar teku, za su iya ɗaukar kimanin kilomita 10-30. Amma a kan iyakar ermine rinjaye a cikin yankunan har zuwa 100 hectares. Tare da karancin abinci, dabbobi ba su zama na har abada a wuri guda, suna son su jagoranci hanyar rayuwa ta hanya ba.

A cikin hunturu, yawancin yankunan suna zaune a kusa da ƙauyuka, amma tare da farkon ambaliyar da suka bar gandun daji. Suna yin iyo sosai, don haka suna iya rufe babbar nisa. Tuddai suna zama a cikin kullun da masu cin nama suke cinye su, a cikin tsofaffin tsalle-tsalle, a cikin tudu da ƙaya, a tsakanin ɗakoki na duwatsu, a tarin duwatsu, a cikin gine-gine masu ginin.

Abinci na asali na ermine

Game da abinci, ermine ne dabba marar kyau, cin abinci yana da bambanci kuma ya dogara da mazaunin. Su ne mafi yawa kananan rodents, kamar mice da voles. Ba kamar caresses ba, ermine hunts a kan manyan dabbobi da wuce shi a nauyi. Alal misali, da ikon mai predator kashe pika, ruwa voles, kananan muskrats, black takaddamarsu, hares. Duk da kananan size, hamsters, da kuma al'ada m berayen ne sau da yawa ma tauri wani Ermine ta nagarta na halitta mutunci.

A lokacin rani ƙananan magunguna zasu iya ci kwari da masu amphibians, amma a cikin hunturu dalilin tushen abincin shine kifi. A Gabas ta Tsakiya, cikin ƙananan kogi kusa da kankara, yawancin kifaye masu yawa sun mutu, wanda ya zama ganima mai saurin ganewa.

Yanayi na haifuwa

Lokaci na ciki a cikin waɗannan dabbobi ba a kafa kuma zai iya bambanta dangane da lokacin haɗin kai. A gon farawa a watan Maris kuma ya ƙare a watan Satumba, ciki har tsawon kwanaki 224-393. A cikin litter, akwai yawanci 6 ƙwayoyin, amma wasu lokuta akwai nau'o'in sau uku. Matar mace mai kulawa ce, a farkon ta ba ta barin 'ya'yanta na biyu ba, idan wani ya zo kusa da gida, sai ta damu.

Kamar kowane dabba daga dangin cunies, kawai a lokacin da yake da wata daya yana buɗe idanun ermine. Dabba yana da sauri tasowa, riga a cikin wata daya da rabi jariri zai iya yin murya a barazana mai zuwa, banda wannan halin yana da mummunar tashin hankali da motsi. A cikin watanni biyu, ƙananan ƙananan yara sun fita daga cikin gida, suna wasa tare da juna har dogon lokaci, suyi ƙoƙari na farko don su samo abinci. Tuni a cikin watanni hudu watannin dabbobi sun bar mace kuma suna neman wurin karkashin rana. A manyan, masu tsinkaye suna rayuwa fiye da shekaru 4. A cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 7 ermine iya rayuwa. Abun dabba yana kama da mutane sabili da kyawawan fata, saboda haka a mafi yawan lokuta dabba ya mutu matashi.

Ratio na ermine ga mutum

Halin halayen ermine wasu lokuta basu yiwuwa a bayyana ma'ana, saboda ba su da hankali sosai kuma suna jin tsoro, sukan sauko cikin tarko. Dabbobi ba su jin tsoron mutum, idan ya bayyana, suna tabbatar da sautunan "tweeting" kuma suna gudana zuwa wasu tayi don ganin ra'ayi mafi kyau. Idan baƙo ba ya yin wani abu kuma bai nuna zalunci ba, to sai ermine ya yi hasararsa da sauri kuma ya ci gaba da kasuwanci. A cikin zaman talala, dangantakar dake tsakanin magajin mutum da mutum yana tasowa sosai. Gornostay na ɗan gajeren lokaci ne daji, tame shi kusan kusan ba zai yiwu ba.