Hasken rana. Ƙungiyoyin sararin sama masu ganuwa: ka'idojin motsi na taurari

Tun daga farkon lokacin, 'yan Adam sunyi sha'awar abubuwan da suka gani a jikin samaniya: Sun, Moon da taurari. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin girman sararin samaniya. Tsarinmu na hasken rana yana da yawa, yana motsa fiye da kilomita 4 daga Sun. A halin yanzu, rana ta kasance biliyan daya daga biliyan biliyan daya daga sauran tauraron da suka hada da Milky Way galaxy.

Hanyar Milky

Gidan galaxy kanta shine babbar motar da ta juya, daga gas, turbaya da sama da biliyan 200. Tsakanin su yana shimfiɗa dubban miliyoyin kilomita na sararin samaniya. An kafa rana a kan karkatar da galaxy, a siffar kama da karkace: daga sama da Milky Way yana kama da babbar guguwa na taurari. Idan aka kwatanta da girman galaxy, hasken rana yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Idan muna tunanin cewa Milky Way shine girman Turai, to, tsarin hasken rana ba zai fi girman girma ba.

Hasken rana

Rana da sauran tauraron dan adam 9 suna warwatse a daya hanya daga tsakiyar galaxy. Kamar yadda taurari ke farfado da taurari, haka kuma taurari suna zagaye da tauraron dan adam.

Rana za ta bukaci kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 a gudun mita 588,000 a kowace awa don yin cikakken juyin juya halin wannan galactic-round-round. Babu wani abu na musamman game da Sun din bambance-bambance daban-daban, sai dai yana da tauraron dan adam, duniya da ake kira Duniya, wanda ke da rai. A kusa da Sun, kobits suna juya da taurari da kananan ƙananan sama, waɗanda ake kira asteroids.

Binciken farko na taurari

Mutum yana lura da ƙungiyoyi masu galihu na sama da halittu masu rai na akalla shekaru 10,000. A karo na farko da aka rubuta a cikin tarihin abubuwan da ke cikin sama sun bayyana a zamanin d Misira da Sumer. Masarawa sun iya rarrabe sararin samaniya guda uku: taurari, taurari da "taurari da wutsiyoyi." Bugu da kari, an gano jikin sama: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury kuma, da gaske, Sun da Moon. Hanyoyin da aka gani a jikin rayayyun halittu shine motsi na waɗannan abubuwa, wanda aka yi tsammani daga Duniya, dangane da tsarin kulawa, komai kullun juyawa. A halin yanzu, da motsi na basamaniyai - su motsi a sarari, da kayyade mataki a jiki sojojin.

Galaxies masu ganuwa

Neman a dare sama, za ka iya ganin mu mafi kusa makwabcin - da Andromeda galaxy - a cikin wani nau'i na karkace. Hanyar Milky Way, duk da girmansa, yana daya daga cikin tauraron dan adam 100 a sarari. Ba tare da yin amfani da wayar salula ba, za ka iya ganin nau'i uku da ɓangare na namu. Biyu daga cikinsu suna da suna Big da Ƙananan Magellanic Cloud. An fara ganin su a kudancin ruwa a shekara ta 1519 ta hanyar fasinjojin Magellan na Portugal. Wadannan ƙananan galaxies sun juya cikin Milky Way, sabili da haka, sune makwabtanmu mafi kusa.

Tashin galaxy na uku, wanda aka gani daga Duniya, Andromeda, yana nesa da mu kimanin shekaru miliyan 2. Wannan yana nufin cewa haske mai haske na Andromeda ya wuce miliyoyin shekaru don kusantar da duniya. Saboda haka, zamu yi la'akari da wannan galaxy kamar yadda shekaru 2 da suka wuce.

Baya ga waɗannan galaxies uku da dare, za ku iya ganin wani ɓangare na Milky Way, wanda yawancin taurari ke wakilta. A cewar tsoffin Helenawa, wannan rukuni na tauraron madara ne daga ƙirjin allahn Hera, saboda haka sunan.

Fuskokin al'ajabi daga duniya

Al'ummai sune rayayyun halittu waɗanda ke kewaye da Sun. Lokacin da muka ga Venus yana haskakawa a sararin sama, saboda sun kasance Hasken hasken hasken rana kuma sun damu daga ɓangaren hasken rana. Venus ita ce Star Star ko Morning Star. Mutane suna kiran shi daban, domin a maraice da safiya akwai wurare daban-daban.

A matsayin duniyar duniyar, Venus ta yi ta kewaye da Sun kuma canza canjinta. Cikin dukanin rana, akwai motsi na sama na jikin ruhohi. Tsarin tsarin mulkin sama ba kawai yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar wuri na taurari ba, amma har ya ba ka damar yin hotunan tauraron dan adam, ya yi tafiya a cikin dare da rana tare da haɗuwa da kuma nazarin halaye na abubuwa na sama.

Dokokin motsi na taurari

Hada abubuwan da aka lura da ra'ayoyin game da motsi na jikin sama, mutane sun fitar da alamu na galaxy. Bincike na masana kimiyya sun taimaka wajen gano abubuwan da aka gani na jikin ruhohi. Dokokin planetary motsi, bude Johannes Kepler, suna daga cikin na farko astronomical dokokin.

Masanin lissafi na Jamus da kuma astronomer sun zama mabukaci na wannan batu. Kepler, bayan nazarin ayyukan Copernicus, an lissafa shi don kobits mafi kyawun tsari, yana bayyana abubuwan da aka gani na jikin ruhohi - wani ellipse, kuma ya kawo dokoki na motsi na duniya wanda aka sani a cikin kimiyyar kimiyya kamar dokokin Kepler. Biyu daga cikinsu suna nuna yanayin motsi na duniyar duniyar. Sun karanta:

1. Duk wani duniyar duniyar yana gudana a cikin ellipse. A cikin daya daga cikin makamai akwai Sun.

2. Kowannensu yana motsawa a cikin jirgin sama da ke wucewa ta tsakiyar Sun, yayin da a lokaci guda radius vector tsakanin Sun da duniya suna kwatanta yankunan daidai.

Dokar ta uku ta haɗu da bayanin tarihin taurari a cikin tsarin.

Ƙananan taurari da yawa

Yin nazarin abubuwan da aka gani a jikin rayayyun halittu, kimiyyar lissafi ta raba su cikin kungiyoyi biyu: wadanda suka rage, wanda ya hada da Venus, Mercury, da kuma manyan - Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus da Pluto. Hanyoyin motsi na waɗannan samaniya a cikin yanayi suna faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. A yayin tashin hankali na tauraron ƙasa, suna da canji kamar yadda a cikin Moon. Lokacin da suke motsawa cikin saman taurari, za ku iya ganin cewa basu canza canji ba, suna fuskantar mutane tare da gefen haske.

Duniya, tare da Mercury, Venus da Mars, na ƙungiyar da ake kira taurari a ciki. Suna yin juyawa kewaye da Sun tare da zangon ciki, ba kamar manyan taurari waɗanda ke juyawa ta waje ba. Alal misali, Mercury, wanda shi ne 20 sau karami fiye da Earth falakinsu da Sun a ciki falaki.

Comets da meteorites

A gefen Sun, akwai biliyoyin gilashin kankara, ba tare da taurari ba, wanda ya kunshi gas mai daskarewa, dutse mai kyau da turɓaya, ƙaho da tsarin hasken rana ya cika. Za a iya ganin gangami na jikin ruhohi, waɗanda wakoki suke wakilta, kawai idan sun kusanci Sun. Sai wutsiyarsu za su fara ƙonewa da haskakawa a sararin sama.

Mafi shahararrun su shine Hetet. Kowace shekara 76, ta sauko daga tafkinta kuma yana fuskantar Sun. A wannan lokaci, ana iya kiyaye shi daga Duniya. Koda a cikin sararin sama za ku iya kallon meteorites a cikin nau'i na tauraron furanni - waɗannan su ne tsalle-tsalle na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke motsawa cikin duniya a babbar gudu. Lokacin da suka fada cikin yanayin nauyi na duniya, suna kusan ƙonewa. Saboda matsananciyar sauri da raguwa da tarin iska na duniya, meteorites sunyi tsanani kuma sun karya cikin ƙananan barbashi. Ana iya kiyaye tsarin konewar su a cikin sama a cikin dare a cikin nau'i mai haske.

Shirin da ke kan astronomy ya bayyana abubuwan da aka gani na jikin ruhohi. Kwalejin 11 sun riga sun saba da dokokin da akwai matakan motsi daga cikin taurari, maye gurbin samfurori na launi da ka'idodin duhu.