Histoplasmosis - Abin da yake da shi? Histoplasmosis: Bayyanar cututtuka, ganewar asali, Jiyya

Kamuwa, musamman fungal cututtuka - shi ne ba nadiri a cikin zamani duniya. Similar matsaloli da fuskantar da mutane la'akari da shekaru, jinsi da kuma sauran abubuwan. Kuma quite wani hatsari cutar kira histoplasmosis.

Mene ne wannan? Mene ne bayyanar cututtuka tare da? Wanne rikitarwa iya kai? Mene ne jiyya offers zamani magani? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi za su ban sha'awa ga masu karatu da dama. Bayan duk, shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa kusan kowace cuta ne sauƙin kula a farkon matakai.

Histoplasmosis: abin da yake da shi?

A ƙasashe da dama, marasa lafiya fuskanci irin wannan ganewar asali. To, abin da yake histoplasmosis? Nan da nan yana da daraja yana mai cewa wannan shi ne fungal cuta a cikin abin da pathogen rinjayar da mononuclear phagocytes, mukaddashin a kan rigakafi da tsarin. Wannan cuta a cikin magani kuma aka sani da sharuddan "reticuloendothelial tsitoplazmoz" da "Darling ta cutar."

Shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa cutar yana mai haske Gwargwadon rarraba. A Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Amirka, kazalika da a kudu maso yammacin yankuna na Amurka rubuta kamuwa da cuta sau da yawa. cutar da ake samu a Kudu maso Gabas Asia da Afrika. Amma a Canada, Rasha da kuma kasashen Turai, cutar aka dauke su quite rare - irin haka an rubuta kagaggun tsakanin yawon bude ido, wanda ya ciyar da wani dogon lokaci a kasashen a hadarin. Duk da irin wannan karamin yaduwar cutar a Rasha, kowane karatu zai zama da amfani a san abin da daidai ne histoplasmosis. Alamun, hanyoyi na watsa, da siffar da kuma siffofin da cutar - wannan ne da muhimmanci da maki cewa za ta taimaka wa zargin cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne, kuma a lokaci zuwa ganin likita.

Bisa kididdigar da, maza kamar cuta ya auku sau biyu kamar yadda sau da yawa. Bugu da kari, shi mafi yiwuwa yara da kuma mutane da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin (na yara sau biyu more lokuta da cutar).

Description na pathogen da kuma watsa inji

Domin ya fahimci abin da histoplasmosis, da farko kana bukatar karin bayani game da exciter. Su ne dimorphic naman gwari Histoplasma capsulatum. Its masana'anta nau'i ne a kananan, pear-celled kwayoyin ko taso keya. Girma ba wuce 2-4 microns. A halayyar alama wannan tsari ne ta kwayuka wuri - yawanci fungi shiga cikin macrophages, saifa Kwayoyin, hanta, Lymph nodes, da dai sauransu Histoplasmosis - .. Shin wata cuta da cewa da farko rinjayar da rigakafi da tsarin shi ne tsarin.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan kwayoyin ba sosai resistant zuwa waje yanayi, duk da haka gaban danshi da kuma ta dace da zazzabi za a iya riƙe da ikon rayuwa. Warming sama zuwa 55-60 digiri minti 45, sakamakon mutuwar cell al'adu. Amma da sakamakon chloramine, phenol, formalin fungi ne mafi barga - suka fara mutuwa bayan 15-30 minti daga farko na daukan hotuna.

Halitta tafki na wadannan fungi ne gona da cewa an gurbata da tumbi da tumbi da kamuwa da dabbobi (wanda zai iya zama blue, da karnuka, Cats, kaji). Alal misali, watsi gine-gine, kogwanni, da kuma rijiyoyin ko iska conditioners haifar da cikakken yanayi na rayuwa da kwayoyin. Matsayin mai mulkin, kamuwa da cuta daukan wuri da iska, inhaled mutum turbaya fungi. A hadarin kungiyoyin hada da magina, hakar gwal, manoma, yawon bude ido, geologists, speleologists, da sauransu. D. Direct watsa ta hulɗa da mai cutar da mutum ko dabba da aka kiyaye.

Da zarar a cikin numfashi fili, fungal kwayoyin saya nama siffofin, haddasa huhu lalacewar lura, kazalika da yankin Lymph nodes. Bugu da ari yaduwa daga pathogenic jamiái tare da jini ya kwarara take kaiwa zuwa sensibilization da kwayoyin, ci gaban takamaiman antigens sa'an nan - kayar sauran gabobin (ba lura a dukan marasa lafiya).

Ainihin nau'i na cutar

Nan da nan yana da daraja cewa akwai dama siffofin da cewa za a iya bayyana histoplasmosis. Mẽne ne, kuma abin da suke da halaye da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin wadannan iri cututtuka?

Alal misali, dangane da ya kwarara gano m kuma na kullum nau'i na cutar. A m histoplasmosis bayyanar cututtuka bayyana abruptly, cuta tasowa cikin sauri. Kullum cutar ne, a maimakon haka, stale, amma sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa komowar canje-canje a cikin kyallen takarda.

Mafi sau da yawa, da kamuwa da cuta rinjayar da numfashi tsarin, haddasa histoplasmosis tasowa huhu. Duk da haka, da yiwuwar kuma extrapulmonary. A musamman, shi ne quite m dessiminirovanny histoplasmosis - wani nau'i na cutar, wanda rinjayar da mucous nama, fata, kayan ciki da kai ga wasu da rikitarwa har da amosanin gabbai, encephalitis, cuta na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin, da dai sauransu ...

M huhu histoplasmosis: Alamun

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, fungal pathogens shiga cikin adam kwayoyin, tare da respirable ƙura. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ya fi na kowa ne na huhu histoplasmosis. Alamun da shi sun fi mayar dogara a kan jihar na rigakafi da tsarin na haƙuri.

A shiryawa zamani jeri daga 4 zuwa kwanaki 30, ko da yake mafi yawan kunnawa kamuwa da cuta auku bayan 7-14 kwanaki bayan inhalation na pathogenic fungi. Domin mafi yawan mutane, da cuta ne m, haddasa wani tsanani take hakki. Popular sau da yawa marasa lafiya ne ba ma sane da rashin lafiyarsa. Histoplasmosis iya a tare da wani kadan tari, a runny hanci da kuma gajere Yunƙurin a zazzabi. Alamun bace bayan 'yan kwanaki, don haka suka sukan gauraye da kowa sanyi.

Duk da haka, wasu marasa lafiya bincikar lafiya tare da m histoplasmosis. Mene ne wannan? Wannan nau'i na cutar tare da mafi pronounced hanawa. Da farko akwai wani zazzabi (jiki zafin jiki sau da yawa yakan zuwa 41 digiri), da kuma wasu sauran guba da bayyanar cututtuka, ciki har da tashin zuciya, amai, zawo. A haƙuri kukan da nauyi sweating cewa jũyar da wani karfi zazzabi. Akwai wani rauni, mai tsanani da ciwon kai, tari da sputum samar, wanda harin ake sau da yawa tare da ciwon kirji. Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar za a iya dangana, kuma arthralgia.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki (wani lokacin makonni) zazzabi ya wuce, amma subfertility jiki zafin jiki ne kiyaye. Marasa lafiya a cikin wannan lokaci gunaguni da tsanani rauni da gajiya, asarar ci, kwatsam nauyi asara.

A kullum nau'i na cutar

Untreated ko improperly za'ayi far a marasa lafiya wani lokacin ci gaba na kullum histoplasmosis. Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar sau da yawa Heart. Lokaci-lokaci, marasa lafiya da m zazzabi, wanda, duk da haka, da sauri ya tafi da kansa. Bugu da kari, halaye da kuma iya hada m tari cuta wanda aka sau da yawa tare da sputum, kazalika da haddasa numfashi matsaloli.

Akwai wasu sosai tsanani da rikitarwa da cewa na iya haifar da daga matsananciyar histoplasmosis. X-ray photo bayar a sama ya nuna cewa a kan lokaci, huhu nama canje-canje. Don fara infiltrate kumburi shafukan da aka kafa da za su iya matsawa ko bace a fibrosis. Har ila yau, wannan nau'i na cutar ne fraught tare da samuwar calcifications a cikin huhu nama. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kullum histoplasmosis ne sau da yawa a hade tare da wasu, babu kasa hatsari cututtuka, ciki har da tarin fuka, cutar sankarar bargo, sarcoidosis, reticulosis.

Abin takaici, wannan nau'i na cutar da wuya mu bi. Yawanci, marasa lafiya bukatar maimaita darussa na far, wanda taimaka wajen kauce wa canje-canje a cikin huhu da nama da kuma sauran rikitarwa.

Desseminirovanny histoplasmosis

Wannan nau'i na cutar tare da sakandare raunuka daban-daban na sashin jiki tsarin. Ta yaya desseminirovanny histoplasmosis? A bayyanar cututtuka a farkon matakai kama wani na kowa sanyi. Na farko, da yanayin jiki yakan. Sa'an nan da mãsu haƙuri yana da bayyanar cututtuka na maye misali. Marasa lafiya koka aches da rauni a jiki, mai tsanani ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da amai, zawo, gajiya, jin sanyi. Har ila yau, a can ne ta ƙara sweating.

Yana da wani na kowa fata histoplasmosis. A wannan jiha rinjayar da cutaneous nama, wanda yana tare da wasu cututtuka. Yadda shi ya dubi kamar histoplasmosis? Photo nuna cewa marasa lafiya da kurji mai sãɓãwar launukansa a tsanani. Wannan na iya zama erythema, hemorrhagic ko maculopapular rash, da kuma wani lokacin abrasions.

Akwai sauran bambance-bambancen karatu da cutar. Sau da yawa, m aiki na pathogenic microorganisms sakamakon a gaban subcutaneous nama ƙurji, ulcerative stomatitis, pharyngitis, abin da ya faru na ulcers a kan vulva. Histoplasmosis idanu tare da wani rauni na conjunctiva kuma sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa m rikitarwa har zuwa asarar hangen nesa.

Akwai yalwa da sauran rikitarwa, wanda ya shafi wannan nau'i na cutar. Wadannan iya hada jerin peritonitis, horioidity, pericarditis, lymphadenopathy, dauke da kwayar cutar endocarditis, ulcerative colitis, meningitis, encephalitis da kuma kama. D.

Kullum histoplasmosis dessiminirovanny fitowa mafi mãsu kasãla - maye cututtuka su ne kusan ba ya nan kuma marasa lafiya je likita ko da a gaban raunuka da wani sashin jiki tsarin. Duk da haka, a kusan kowane hali irin wannan cuta take kaiwa zuwa tsanani rikitarwa.

Halaye na cuta a cikin yara da kuma mutane da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin

Ko da kadan marasa lafiya ba rigakafi daga cutar kira histoplasmosis. Alamun a yara ne quite halayyar. Da farko akwai zafi - da yanayin jiki yakan to game da 38-39 digiri. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi za a iya gani pallor, jaundice da kuma wani lokacin har ma da fata, wanda ake dangantawa da wasu cuta a cikin hanta. Wasu iyaye sun kuma lura da bayyanar da yaro tare da zawo wajen m wari. A jarrabawa iya lura da karuwa a size na baƙin ciki, kuma hanta.

A mafi yawan lokuta, cutar ne a kan yara dessiminirovannomu irin. Haka ya shafi marasa lafiya da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin: suna da wata cuta yakan faru a cikin mai tsanani, don haka miyagun ƙwayoyi far yana da muhimmanci.

Ya kamata mu ma ambaci game da mutane tare da HIV, saboda tsarin na rigakafi a wadannan marasa lafiya ne sosai raunana. A cikin rashi na far, duk ƙare da mutuwa a kusan 80% na lokuta. Amma lokacin da kyau-gudanar da magani, wannan adadi saukad da zuwa 15%. Abin baƙin ciki, marasa lafiya bincikar lafiya tare da AIDS, ba za ka iya ajiye - mace-mace a cikin wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya ne 100%, kamar yadda ko da manyan allurai da kwayoyi iya ba kare gaba komawa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa muka duba yiwuwar a marasa lafiya tare da fungal cututtuka suna kuma shawarar da za a gwada cutar HIV.

Hanyoyin zamani na ganewar asali

Nan da nan ya kamata a ce abin da kawai likita bayan wani na sosai jarrabawa iya sanin mãsu haƙuri histoplasmosis. Ganewar asali da wannan cuta - mai tsawo tsari. Binciken da aka directed ba kawai don gane da pathogen, amma kuma tantance da lalacewar ta wurin jiki zuwa kamuwa da cuta.

A ganewar asali aka tabbatar bayan kadaici daga zuriya samfurori Histoplasma capsulatum. Domin bincike na sputum dace airway, kuma Bronchial wanke-wanke. Lokacin da desseminirovannoy samar da causative wakili za a iya gano a cikin jini, tumbi, fitsari, cerebrospinal ruwa abinda ke ciki abscesses. bacteriological inoculation na al'adun matsakaici ne da za'ayi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A wasu lokuta, a biopsy na Lymph nodes ko bronchi, kazalika da nama Samfur daga fata ulcers gefuna - dawo da na'urar samfurori ne sai amenable ga histological jarrabawa.

Wannan ba duk hanyoyin da wanda za ka iya samun histoplasmosis. Ganewar asali sau da yawa ya shafi yin serotologicheskih halayen, kazalika da intradermal gwajin tare da histoplasmin.

Bugu da kari, wayoyi da sauran bincike don taimaka gano da yanayin jiki. Alal misali, a kirji X-ray ya ba ka damar ganin manyan da sredneochagovye infiltrates, waxanda suke da halayyar da m mataki na cutar.

magani na cutar

Abin da idan ka gano histoplasmosis? Jiyya a wannan harka da aka gyara akayi daban-daban. Muhimmanci! A wani hali kada ka manta da shawarar likita ko ki lura, kamar yadda za a iya kai wa ga matukar hatsari sakamakon.

A zabi na magani ya dogara da yawa dalilai. La'akari da bukatar daukan tsanani da cuta, da siffar, da mataki na lalacewa daban-daban gabobin, haƙuri da shekaru, jihar da ya rigakafi da tsarin, da sauransu. D.

Histoplasmosis m zuwa matsakaici mai tsanani ba ya bukatar da yin amfani da antifungal jamiái, wanda kansu su ne quite mai guba. Yawanci, a irin haka ne, marasa lafiya shawarar gado sauran, dace rage cin abinci, shan yalwa da ruwaye. Wayoyi da kuma symptomatic far, wanda zai iya hada samun antipyretic jamiái, bitamin gidaje, antihistamines.

A mafi tsanani lokuta, antifungal far zama dole. A saboda wannan dalili, daban-daban magunguna ana amfani da su. . A mafi inganci suna dauke da kwayoyi "Ketoconazole", "Itraconazole" Amphoglucaminum "" Amphotericin B " symptomatic magani dole ne ya kasance anti-kumburi magunguna ana amfani gaban raunuka na fata, ko idanu, sau da yawa - .. corticosteroids matsayin farko haske sha daga kamuwa da cuta, da haƙuri da aka wajabta musamman inhalation miyagun ƙwayoyi da cewa taimaka hana nama canje-canje da kuma zuwa sauƙaƙe haƙuri ta numfashi.

A tsanani da rikitarwa wani lokaci ana bukata m baki, kau na Lymph musamman kusassari da ƙwazo ƙurji, pericardial huda,} afar roba zuciya bawuloli (idan da kamuwa da cuta rinjayar da zuciya tsoka), na huhu resection a cikin tsanani da rikitarwa da kuma t. D.

An ce tsanani da rikitarwa da lokaci qaddamar da kuma daidai gudanar da magani ne sosai rare, kuma mafi sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya da tsanani damuwa rigakafi da tsarin. Domin mafi yawan mutane, shi ne m kintace - histoplasmosis sauki magani, da kuma cututtuka Fade fairly da sauri.

Shin akwai tasiri m matakan?

Yau, da yawa sha'awar a cikin al'amurran da suka shafi abin da yake histoplasmosis. Alamun da kuma magani, m rikitarwa - wannan shi ne muhimmiyar bayanai. A daya hannun, marasa lafiya sau da yawa tambayoyi game da ko za mu iya ko ta yaya hana farko na cutar.

Abin baƙin ciki, musamman rigakafin wannan cuta ba - to date, babu alluran da sauran kwayoyi. Histoplasmosis na huhu, kazalika da wani nau'i na cuta, shi ne mai hadarin gaske. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a yi riƙi shirinsu da dokoki na sirri kiwon lafiya.

Alal misali, a lokacin da yi da kuma duniya kula yi tunani game da kariya na numfashi fili da taimakon masks, respirators, da sauransu. D. Haka ya shafi wuraren kiwon kaji ma'aikata da kuma sauran m cibiyoyin. Dole ne mu ka manta su wanke 'ya'yan itace, musamman a yanayin saukan kayayyakin shigo daga kasashen inda wannan kamuwa da cuta da aka yada.

Haka dokoki sun shafi masu yawon shakatawa. A gaban wani mummunar cuta, kana buƙatar ganin likita a wuri-wuri, tun lokacin da aka fara maganin farawa, ƙananan yiwuwar ci gaba da matsaloli mara kyau.

Histoplasmosis a cikin dabbobi da siffofinsa

Ba wai kawai mutum ne mai saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta ba. Daga irin wannan cutar sau da yawa fama da dabbobi, kuma wannan na faruwa a cikin daji da kuma tsakanin dabbobi. Nan da nan ya zama dole a ce cewa baza a iya watsa watsa labaran ta hanyar kai tsaye tare da dabba, tun lokacin da aka saki fungi a cikin yanayin waje tare da feces. Duk da haka, a lokacin kula da dabbar da kake buƙatar ka kiyaye dokoki na tsaftace jiki (musamman ga yara).

Don yin la'akari da hoto na asibiti, yana yiwuwa a bincika yanayin cutar a cikin 'yan uwan feline. To me menene tarihin tarihi yayi kama da cats? Kwayoyin cututtuka ba shi yiwuwa a koyaushe su gane daga ranar farko ba.

A matsayinka na mulkin, da farko akwai zazzaɓi. Kayan gida yana da rauni, sau da yawa yana barci, yana motsa kadan. Yayinda cutar ta tasowa, mutum zai iya tsinkaye cikewar ci, ciyayi, maimakon rashin hasara na nauyi. Sau da yawa, dabbobin suna ci gaba da ɓarna, wanda ya buƙaci ƙarin farfadowa.

Akwai wasu bayyanar cututtuka. Musamman ma, zamu iya lura da karuwa a cikin ƙananan lymph, alamar mucous membranes, wahalar da numfashi da kuma bayyanar sauti marasa amfani daga huhu. Wasu lokuta ma dabbobi marasa lafiya suna sha wahala daga rashin ruwa. Bayan jarrabawa, likitan dabbobi na iya lura da hanta. Duk da haka, ana iya gane ganewar ƙarshe bayan bayan gwaje-gwaje, lokacin da aka gano al'adun gine-gine da al'adun gargajiya.

Dabbobi suna iya samar da nau'i wanda ba a taɓa ba, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana nuna shi ta hanyar launi na fata, da idanu, da ƙwayoyin fata na mucous, rushewa daga cikin gabobin ciki.

An magance tarihin kwayoyin cutar a cikin cats tare da kwayoyi marasa amfani. Musamman ma, "ketoconazole" da "Intraconazole" suna dauke da tasiri sosai. A wasu lokuta, za a buƙaci ƙarin farfadowa na sake farfadowa, musamman ma matsaloli mai tsanani da abincin jiki sun bayyana akan tushen cutar. Mahimmanci ga mafi yawan dabbobi yana da mahimmanci, musamman idan aka ba da dabba da taimakon taimako. Amma, da rashin alheri, a baya bayanan tarihi na tarihi sunyi wuya a bi da - akwai yiwuwar sake dawowa da bayyanar rikitarwa a cikin nau'i na cututtuka na tsarin narkewa, zuciya, kwakwalwa.