Humanism ne falsafar Pico della Mirandola

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola aka haife shi a Florence, Fabrairu 2, 1463. Ya an dauki daya daga cikin manyan Thinkers na Renaissance. Humanist falsafar Pico della Mirandola kira "Allah". Sahaban gan shi a matsayin wani tunani na high bukatun na ruhaniya al'adu, da kuma m Paparoma ya bi ya m kalamai. Ayyukansa, kamar kansa, aka yadu da aka sani cikin ilimi Turai. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola mutu a wani matasa shekaru (17 Nuwamba 1494). A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya zama sananne ga kyau, 'ya'yan sarakuna ba karimci, amma mafi m iri-iri na ilmi, damar iya yin komai, kuma kadarorinsu.

Pico della Mirandola: a takaice biography

A zurfin tunani ya daga wani iyali na kirga da sarakunanku. Ta An hade da yawa m gidaje a Italiya. A shekaru 14, Pico della Mirandola ya zama dalibi na jami'ar Bologna. Bayan haka ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Ferrara, PADUA, Pavia da kuma Paris. A lokacin horo, ya ƙware tauhidin, dokar, falsafa, tsoho wallafe-wallafe. Bugu da kari ga Latin kuma Helenanci, yana sha'awar mutumin Kaldiya, Yahudanci, Larabci. Kamar yadda wani matashi, manazarcin ya nema ya koyi duk mafi muhimmanci da kuma tsarki na ruhaniya kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a daban-daban sau da mutane daban-daban.

A farko ayyukansu

Farkon isasshen Pico sanya abokai da mutane kamar Medici, Poliziano, Ficino kuma da dama wasu mambobi na Platonic Academy. A 1468, ya yi "The comment canzone na soyayya Beniveni" da "900 abstracts a ilmin lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, dabi'u da gabban ga jama'a muhawara." Zurfin tunani ya kamata ya kare ayyukansu a muhawara a Roma a gaban shahara Italiyanci da kuma Turai masana kimiyya. A taron da aka za a gudanar a 1487. Open muhawara wani rubutun da aka shirya Pico della Mirandola - "Yana game da mutunci mutum."

The muhawara a Roma

The aiki, rubuta da Pico della Mirandola, da mutunci mutum, a takaice, ya mayar da hankali a kan biyu main theses. Da farko, a cikin aikinsa The zurfin tunani ya ce game da halin da ake ciki musamman na mutane a cikin sararin samaniya. Batu na biyu ya shafi ciki da hadin kai na duk kayan abinci na asali tunani na mutum. 23-shekara Pico della Mirandola, a takaice, kadan rude Paparoma Innocent Sabunta. Da farko, a gauraye dauki sa matasa shekaru zurfin tunani. Abu na biyu, akwai rikice saboda m m shaida, sabon abu da kuma sabon kalmomi da cewa amfani da Pico della Mirandola. "Yana game da mutunci mutum" ya nuna ra'ayin marubucin game da sihirinka bauta, da 'yanci na nufin da sauran dubious abubuwa na zamanin. Bayan ya amsa, Paparoma nada musamman hukumar. Ta yi duba fitar da "Tsokaci", wanda ya gabatar da Pico della Mirandola. Hukumar wadai da yawan kayan abinci sa a gaba zurfin tunani.

tsananta

A 1487-m Pico ya "uzuri". Wannan aikin da aka halicce cikin sauri, wanda ya kai ga da tofin da "theses". Karkashin barazana zalunci da Inquisition, da zurfin tunani aka tilasta musu gudu zuwa Faransa. Amma a can ya aka kama da kuma tsare su a cikin Château de Vincennes. Pico aka ceto ta wurin cẽto babban hannu da shuni, ciki har da musamman irin rawa da Lorentso Medichi. A gaskiya ma, ya kasance mai mulkin Florence a lokacin, inda warware daga kurkuku zurfin tunani da kuma ciyar da sauran kwanaki.

Employment bayan la'anta

A 1489-m Pico della Mirandola kammala da kuma aka buga a rubutun "Geptapl" (bakwai hanyoyin da bayani na Kwanaki shida na halitta). A wannan aikin zurfin tunani Aiwatar da wani bakin ciki hermeneutics. Ya yi karatu a boye ma'anar, taivshiysya a cikin littafin "Farawa". A 1492-m Pico della Mirandola halitta mai karamin aiki "na kasancewarsa da united." Yana da aka raba ɓangare na shirin na aikin, wanda aka tsara domin ya sulhunta da ka'idar Plato da Aristotle, amma aka taba aiwatar da har karshen. Ba ya ga hasken da sauran aiki Pico - ya yi musu wa'adin "poetic tauhidin". Ya karshe aiki shi ne "Maganganu a kan annabci na ilmin bokanci." A wannan aikin ya yi tsayayya da ta tanadi.

Pico della Mirandola: Basic Ideas

Zurfin tunani dauke daban daban na rukunan matsayin daya gaskiya ce. Ya goyon bayan elaboration na kowa falsafa da kuma addini kallo na duniya, ta fara da Ficino. Duk da haka, wannan sha'awa ya fassara zurfin tunani daga filin na addini tarihi a fagen metaphysics. Pico yunkurin haduwa Kiristanci, Kabbalah da Averroism. Ya shirya da kuma aika zuwa Roma sun gudanar da binciken, wanda dauke 900 abstracts. Sun damu duk da cewa "knowable." Wasu daga cikin su aka dauka, wasu - nasa. Duk da haka, suka gane kamar yadda karkata, da kuma muhawara a Roma bai dauki wuri. Labor, wanda Ya halitta Pico della Mirandola a kan mutunci mutum, Ya sanya shi aka sani a fadi da'irori da tsaransa. Ya nuna matsayin Preamble ga tattaunawa. A daya hannun, zurfin tunani hade key Concepts neo-Platonism, a kan sauran - miƙa theses bayan ƙunshe (Plato) hadisin. Sun kasance kusa personalism da voluntarism.

Jigon da taƙaitaccen labari

Man zuwa Pico ya na musamman duniya a sararin samaniya halitta da Allah. The mutum zurfin tunani da aka sanya a tsakiya na duk da cewa akwai shi. Man "tsakiyar agile", ya iya fada da matakin na dabbobi, har ma da shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, tare da wannan mutum ne iya tashi zuwa Allah, da malã'iku, sauran m to kanta - neinym. Pico ne zai yiwu, saboda da mutum - da wata dabba daga indeterminate image, a cikin abin da Uba kashe "da kumshe da dukan halittu." A ra'ayi ne ya fassara a kan tushen da cikakkar diraya. Yana da aka hali na marigayi tsakiyar zamanai. zurfin tunani da ra'ayi nuna wani sosai m kashi "Copernican juyin juya halin" addini da halin kirki da lamiri na Western Kirista duniya. Ba ceto, wato kerawa ne ma'anar rayuwa - don haka ya ce Pico della Mirandola. Falsafa yake samar da addini da kuma ontological bayani na duk data kasance akida da mythological hadaddun ruhaniya al'adu.

Own "I"

Its samuwar bayyana anthropocentrism. Pico della Mirandola kuɓutar da 'yanci da mutunci da mutum a matsayin sarki mahaliccin nasa "zan". Mutane daya-daya, mamaye duk abin da za su iya zama wani abu. Man shi ne ko da yaushe da sakamakon da kokarin. Duk da yake rike da yiwuwar wani sabon zaben, ba zai za a zauna babu form na da kansa zama a duniya. Pico haka ya bayar da hujjar cewa, mutum ba a halitta da Allah a cikin image. Amma Allah ya bai wa mutum shi kadai ya yi nasu "I". Saboda ta tsakiyar matsayi, yana da kusanci da kuma tasiri na sauran abubuwa halitta da Allah. By al'amurra da mafi muhimmanci Properties na wadannan halittun, mutumin da aiki a matsayin master na free, cikakken kafa ainihi. Saboda haka aka ɗaga ta sama sama da sauran.

hikimar

Kamar yadda Pico, shi ba a hade tare da wani hani. Hikimar gudana kansa daga daya rukunan zuwa wani, da zabar wani siffar da ya dace da yanayi. Daban-daban da makarantu, manazarta, al'ada, kafin iri dabam dabam, kuma suka saɓa, Pico ne juna da kuma dogara da juna. Sai suka sãmi wani zurfin dangantaka. A dukan duniya da aka halitta a kan m (boye ko bayyane).

cabala

Interest a shi ya karu a lokacin da Renaissance godiya ga Pico. The matasa Falsafa sha'awar koyon Hebrew. ya "theses" da aka halitta bisa ga Kabbalah. Pico jibinci da karatu tare da yawan Yahudawa malamai. A binciken da na Kabbalah, sai ya fara a harsuna biyu. Na farko shi ne Yahudawa, da kuma na biyu - Latin (fassara a cikin wani Bayahude wanda tuba zuwa Kristanci). A wannan zamanin Pico musamman bambanci tsakanin sihiri da Kabbalah ya ba. A zurfin tunani amfani da waɗanda sharuddan ne sau da yawa synonymous. Pico ce cewa ka'idar Kiristanci, shi ne mafi kyau don nuna da taimakon Kabbalah da kuma sihiri. Littafi, wanda ya zama ãyã daga wani masanin kimiyya, ya dauki ga tsoho esoteric ajiye Yahudawa. A cikin cibiyar na ilimi shi ne ra'ayin Kiristanci, wanda zai iya fahimta da kuma nazari Kabbalah. A cikin muhawara amfani poslebibleyskie Pico aiki, wanda ya hada da Midrash, Talmud, aikin falsafa, rationalists da Yahudawa fassara Littafi Mai Tsarki.

The rukunan Kirista Kabbalists

Domin su ya gano gaban daban-daban sunayen Allah da halittun da suka rayu a cikin sama. Transmutation haruffa Yahudawa numerology hanyoyin sun zama key kashi na tsarawa. Bayan nazarin ra'ayi na allahntaka harshe, mabiya rukunan imani da cewa daidai pronunciation daga cikin sunan na Maɗaukaki za su iya shafar gaskiya. Wannan al'amari ya kai ga imani da wakilan da Renaissance makaranta a cewa sihiri abubuwa a matsayin mafi girma da karfi a duniya ba. A ƙarshe, dukan abin da yake sananne a Yahudanci, ya mai key a zama na gaba na mabiya na Kirista Kabbalah. Wannan, bi da bi, aka haɗa zuwa wani ka'idar, tausaya wajama'a samu daga Yahudawa kafofin.

Hermetic ra'ayi

Haka kuma an fassara a matsayin wani Kirista. A lokaci guda wani karfi da tasiri a Pico yana hermeticism Ficino. Wannan ra'ayi ya bayyana ta ceton haske tattara barbashi wakilci a mai gaskiya. Tare da wannan ilimi fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa matsayin memory. Hermeticism nuna 8 da'irori (Arcana) hawan. Bisa dogaro da Gnostic da mythological fassarori na asalin mutum, da ra'ayi ya bayyana musamman allahntaka damar iya yin komai daga cikin mutum. Su taimakawa wajen aiwatar da m ayyuka ƙwaƙwalwar na tashin matattu. A lokaci guda ya hermeticism canza da ɗan ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Kristanci. A ra'ayi na ceto ta wurin sirri ilimi da aka maye gurbinsu da ra'ayin wani reshe, da zunubi da mutum, da kyau labarai na fansa, tuba, rahamar Allah.

"Geptaplus"

A wannan aikin zurfin tunani da na yi amfani da Kabbalistic kayayyakin aiki, don fassarar kalmomi. The aiki yana nufin jituwa ta mutum farko, wuta kuma da hankali. Shi ne game da uku sassa na duniya da kuma manyan kananan - na macrocosm da takaice. A farko kunshi wani allahntaka ko mala'iku hankali, tushen hikima, daga rana, wanda alama ce ta soyayya, kazalika daga sama, a iya aiki a matsayin farkon rayuwa da kuma motsi. Human aiki aka ƙaddara su a cikin hanyar da hankali, da jima'i gabobin, da zuciya, wanda ba da soyayya, da hankali, da ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma yanayi. Pico ba kawai amfani Kabbalistic kayan aikin a gaskatãwa Kirista gaskiyar. Yana hada da latest a cikin wani rabo na macro- da takaice, wadda aka bayyana ta da Renaissance hanya.

jituwa

Hakika, Kabbalah karfi da tasiri da samuwar da Renaissance manufar macro- da takaice. Wannan ya nuna ba kawai a cikin ayyuka na Pico della Mirandola. Daga bisani, rinjayar da Kabbalah ne bikin a cikin ayyukan Paracelsus da Agaribas Nostesgeymskogo. Harmony babban kuma kananan halittu ne zai yiwu ne kawai a wani aiki hulda tsakanin mutum da Allah. A fahimtar cikin Kabbalistic ra'ayi fassara da ra'ayin amsa, ya kamata kula da gaskiyar cewa ga Renaissance a matsayin batu na cognition bayar da shawarar da mutum a matsayin takaice. Ya kasance mai jituwa duk viscera da kuma sassan jiki, da jini, kwakwalwa, wata gabar jiki, ciki, da sauransu. A na da theocentric hadisin bai isa m isasshen na ra'ayi na'ura fassara wani rai, jiki da kuma yarda da daban-daban guda.

ƙarshe

M fassarar da yarda daga cikin macro- da takaice ake samu a cikin Zohar. Yana kẽwaye rãyuwar da sama a fili yake tsanani m fahimtar cosmic hadin kai. Duk da haka, dangantakar da Renaissance theosophical Concepts da kuma hotunan da Zohar ba za a iya kira na musamman. Mirandola iya bincika kawai wasu excerpts koyarwa abin da aka gyara da kuma sake rubutawa a cikin 13th karni da kuma yada a 1270-1300 shekaru. A buga version na wannan lokaci shi ne sakamakon da na gama bincike sets gabascin for ƙarni da dama. Watsa da Zohar excerpts sãɓã wa jũna a fili pantheistic, theocentric da ecstatic hali. Su ne daidai da bukatun da kwastan na addinin yahudawa da kuma duk kan kasance a rashin daidaito da falsafar Mirandola. Ba dole ne a ce cewa a cikin "theses" zurfin tunani ba na kwarai darajar Kabbalah. Mirandola kokarin samar da Kirista Yahudawa syncretism yin amfani da kafofin Zoroastrism, orphism, pifagorizma, Aristotelism Averroes Chaldaean ra'ayi. Zurfin tunani ya yi magana game da comparability na multiplicity, da jituwar na Gnostic da sihiri koyarwar daga Kirista ra'ayin cewa aiki na Cusa da Aristotle.