Kudu Aral Sea: dalilin mutuwar, tarihin, photos

Wannan talifin zai magana game da daya daga cikin kusurwa ta duniya, ya juya a cikin wani bakarãriya bari a sakamakon rashin iya gudanarwa na mutane na noma aiki.

janar bayanai

A baya can, size of ta Aral Sea na huɗu jiki na ruwa a duniya. A mutuwa na Aral Sea ne sakamakon wuce kima abstraction na ruwa domin ban ruwa na sararin m ƙasashe a Kazakhstan da Uzbekistan. Duk abin da ya faru da Aral Sea - wani unrecoverable muhalli bala'i.

A little more a kan wannan da kuma sauran abubuwa da suka shafi wannan halitta jiki na ruwa, za a tattauna daga baya labarin.

Ko da ban tsoro su yi tunanin, amma Aral Sea yankin da kuma girma na yau ne, bi da bi, da kwata da kuma game da 10% na asali darajar.

The darajar teku sunayen

A wannan halitta tafki located wani babba yawan tsibiran. A wannan batun, an kira da Aral. da kalmar fassara a matsayin "tsibiran teku" Tare da harshen da 'yan asalin yawan wadannan wurare.

A Aral Sea a yau: general halaye, location

A gaskiya, a yau shi ne endorheic, m, relict lake. Location shi - Central Asia, iyaka da yankin Uzbekistan da kuma Kazakhstan. Saboda da canji na igiyoyin Syrdarya da Amudarya, ciyar da teku, daga tsakiyar karni na 20th akwai wata babbar asarar ruwa girma tare da shi daidai karu a su surface, haddasa wani muhalli bala'i na baba misali rabbai.

A shekarar 1960 shi ya Kudu Aral Sea ne da gaske haka. Surface ruwa surface ne saman teku matakin da 53 mita, da jimlar yanki na 68.000 murabba'in kilomita. Miƙa shi game da 435 km daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma 290 km daga gabas zuwa yamma. Its talakawan zurfin ne 16 mita, da kuma mafi zurfi wuri - 69 mita.

A Aral Sea a yau - a bushewa lake, wanda aka rage a cikin size. Sai da na ɗauki 100 kilomita daga tsohon ƙirin (misali, a cikin Uzbek birnin Muinak).

sauyin yanayi

Domin da ƙasa na Aral Sea halin da nahiyar hamada sauyin yanayi, tare da babban amplitude canje-canje na zazzabi, tare da sosai zafi lokacin bazaar, kuma mun gwada sanyi winters.

Rashin ruwan sama (game da 100 mm a kowace shekara) counterbalances da kadan evaporation. Dalilai kayyade ruwa balance - a kogin ruwa daga data kasance kõguna da danshin, wanda amfani da su zama game da daidai.

A dalilan ga bacewar na Aral Sea

A gaskiya, da mutuwa da Aral Sea ya faru a cikin past 50 shekaru. Around tun shekarar 1960, matakin da surface na ruwanta fara da sauri da kuma tsare koma baya. By wannan sa a bar su a baya wucin gadi na Syr Darya da Amu Darya na gudãna for ban ruwa dalilai na gida filayen. Soviet hukuma fara maida manyan yankunan da marar amfani a Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan da kuma Turkmenistan a cikin kyakkyawan horar da filayen.

A dangane da wannan babban sikelin ayyukan, yawan ruwa zuwa a cikin halitta jiki na ruwa, da aka sannu a hankali ragewa. Tuni a cikin 1980s, a lokacin bazara watanni, biyu mai girma kõguna zama bushe, ba dotekaya zuwa teku, da kuma bã tãre da aikin gandu da tafki fara samun koma baya. A deplorable jihar na Aral Sea a yau (photo kasa ya nuna wannan).

Tẽku da aka halitta kasu kashi 2 sassa. Wannan halitta biyu ruwa kududdufai: a kudancin Kudu Aral Sea (Manyan Aral Sea). a arewa - Kananan Aral. Gwargwado haka ta ƙara 3-Musulunci idan aka kwatanta da 50-ies.

Bisa ga bayanan da 1992, jimlar yankin na biyu kududdufai ya rage wa 33,8 dubu sq. M. km, da kuma rage matakin da ruwa surface zuwa 15 mita.

Hakika akwai kokarin da gwamnatocin kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya shirya wani siyasa vodoekonomnogo noma domin dattako da matakin na Aral Sea saboda a saki na kundin na kogin ruwa. Duk da haka, matsaloli a bunkasa yanke shawara tsakanin kasashen Asiya sanya shi ba zai yiwu ba su zo da ayyukan a kan wannan batu har zuwa karshen.

Saboda haka, raba Aral Sea. Tana da zurfi da yawa rage. A tsawon lokaci, yana kafa kusan 3 raba kananan tabkuna: Manyan Aral Sea (yamma da kuma gabas na lake) da kuma Kananan Aral.

Bisa ga zaton da masana kimiyya, har zuwa shekarar 2020 ake sa ran bace, da kuma kudancin tafki.

effects

Ƙafe Aral Sea da karshen 80s ya rasa fiye da 1/2 na ta girma. A wannan batun, sharply kara yawan salts da kuma ma'adanai, wanda ya kai ga nau'i nau'i na arziki a sau da a yankin fauna, musamman yawa jinsunan kifaye.

Samuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa (Aralsk zuwa arewa da kuma kudu Muinak) yau yana da yawa kilomita m jirgin daga bakin gaci layi na lake. Saboda haka, akwai devastation a yankin.

A shekarun 1960s, kama kifi a general ya kai dubu 40. Ton, kuma a cikin tsakiyar 80s kasuwanci kama kifi a yankin sun daina wanzuwa. Saboda haka, shi rasa game da 60 dubu. Jobs.

Mafi na kowa mazaunan teku ya fama Black Sea, saba da rayuwa a cikin gishiri da ruwa (shigo da aka a cikin 1970s). Ta bace a cikin Big Aral Sea a 2003, a matsayin gwargwado na ruwa ya fara isa dabi'u a kan 70 g / l, wanda shi ne mafi kusan 4 sau fi a seawater, saba wa irin wannan kifi.

A yanayin a cikin abin da zaune da Aral Sea a yau, ya kai ga cewa akwai wani karfi da sauyin yanayi da kuma yanayi ta tashi mawadãta.

Kuma shipping aka tsaya saboda da mãsu bãyar da bãya na ruwa ga da yawa kilomita daga babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Aral Sea.

A kan aiwatar da rage ruwan matakin a duka kududdufai ya auku, bi da bi, da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa matakin, da kuma wannan, bi da bi, kara makawa aiwatar da kwararowar hamada a yankin.

Renaissance tsibirin

A batu na musamman da hankali da kuma kula da marigayi 90s zama game da. Renaissance. A waɗannan kwanaki, kawai 10 km. ruwa rabu tsibirin daga ɓangaren duniya. A hanzari kara samuwan wannan tsibirin ya zama musamman matsalar, kamar yadda a cikin kwanaki na Cold War, wannan wuri ya kasance cibiyar daban-daban karatu alaka nazarin halittu makamai Union.

Har ila yau, fãce ga nazarin yi a kanta na zubar da mutum ɗari tons m Anthrax kwayoyin. Agitation na masana kimiyya da aka nasaba da cewa hanya a yankunan da sanaki mutane wanda zai sake yada Anthrax. A 2001, game da. Renaissance ya riga ya shiga cikin ta Kudu ta bangare zuwa ɓangaren duniya.

Aral Sea (photo zamani tafki sama) ne a shockingly yanayin talauci. Haka kuma rai yanayi sun zama mafi muni a yankin. Alal misali, mazauna Karakalpakstan sun sha wahala mafi, dake zaune a yankunan dake da kudu na Aral Sea.

Mafi yawa daga cikin bude kasa na lake ne cikin hanyar yawa ƙura hadari, dauke da su a ko'ina cikin yankin mai guba turbaya da salts da magungunan kashe qwari. A dangane da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin mutanen da suke rayuwa a can, inda ake kira Kudu Aral Sea ya fara bayyana tsanani kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, musamman mai yawa lokuta, da ciwon daji na maƙogwaro, koda cutar da kuma anemia. Kuma matakin jariri mace-mace a yankin - mafi girma a duniya.

Game da shuka da dabbobi duniya

Tuni a cikin 1990s (a tsakiyar) maimakon luxuriant greenery itatuwa, ganye da kuma shrubs a cikin tsohon m seashores za a iya gani kawai rare tufts na shuke-shuke (xerophytes da halophytes), ko ta yaya saba da bushe da Saline kasa.

Har ila yau kiyaye ne kawai 1/2 na cikin 'yan qasar jinsunan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa a dangane da matsalar canjin yanayi, a cikin 100 km daga bakin tekun layi na asali (manyan canji a cikin zafin jiki da kuma zafi).

ƙarshe

Catastrophic muhalli jihar, wanda ya zuwa kwanan ya taba kasance a wajen babban Kudu Aral Sea, shi ya kawo matsala, kuma m yankuna.

Abin mamaki, da ƙura daga Aral Sea yankuna samu ko da a kan glaciers a Antarctica. Kuma wannan shi ne shaida cewa bacewar ruwayen karfi da tasiri ta duniya yanayin kasa. Kamata tunani game da gaskiyar cewa Adam dole ne gudanar da muhimmanci ayyuka na gurare daban-daban, ba tare da haddasa irin wannan catastrophic lalacewar yanayi, wanda yake ba da rai ga dukan abubuwa masu rai.