Mai shale. Halaye da kuma abun da ke ciki na raw kayan

Mai shale ne classified a matsayin sinadaran da kuma man fetur da makamashi raw kayan. Wannan ma'adinai ta'allaka a gwada m zurfin. An kunshe a cikin rukuni na m caustobiolites da qunshi wani ma'adinai bangare kuma kwayoyin halitta. Industrial darajar biyu ma'adinai da kuma Organic part. Babban ma'adinai bangaren m - aluminosilicates da carbonates.

Shale mai amfani da makamashi kansu. A kai tsaye konewa da albarkatun kasa aka samar da wutar lantarki da kuma thermal makamashi. Used mai shale da fasaha dalilai. Wadannan su ne albarkatun kasa a cikin metallurgical da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. Deep aiki na man fetur shale samar ruwa man fetur.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa definition of "mai shale" yana da yawa fassarori. Yawanci, wadannan sun hada da lafiya-grained sedimentary lãka, siliceous ko calcareous kankara, a cikin abin da abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta daga 15 zuwa 40%. Idan kwayoyin rabo ne 5 zuwa 15%, da kankara kasance a cikin category na kerogen. daga 40% kuma mafi - to sapropel kwal. Wasu marubuta kuma sun hada da kungiyar na combustible shale dutse daga kerogen ciki ƙananan index of 5 ko 10 da kuma wani babba 30-50%, da kuma a wasu lokutta 60-80%.

Farfesa Crum-Brown a 1912, da shawarar yin amfani da Kalmar "kerogen". Wannan kalma ne Organic abu shale a Scotland. Daga baya ajalin fara da za a yi amfani da wasu ƙasashe. Kerogen lokacin da tsanani da yake iya kafa mai-kamar ruwa, shi ne ake kira "shale man" (ko "Slate guduro").

Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sosai jumlar da aka yi amfani da sunan irin, ba gaba ɗaya nasara. Turanci translation sauti kamar "mai shales" (man fetur da kuma man shale), na Latin asalin harsunan asali kira "bitumineux" (bituminous shale). Duk da haka, an san cewa abin da ake kira albarkatun ne da gaske free of bitumen (danyen mai). Amma da irin iya nuna a lokacin da ya kona wa ɗari biyar darajõji, kuma mafi danko sosai ruwa mai kama da man fetur. A lokaci daya da shi kamata ya haifar da wani musamman hukumar cewa zai zana har da wani na kowa terminology. Duk da haka, da duk wadannan Concepts riga sun zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar yau da kullum, saboda haka cewa don inganta halin da ake ciki ya sa hankalta.

Don ƙarin daidai hakkin na dutse dũkiyarsu da kuma sanin da mafi ingantaccen amfani da duniyoyin ne da za'ayi a nazarin da kayan abun da ke ciki. Pre-ciyar macroscopic nazari, da kuma daga baya, a more daki-daki.

bakin ciki sassan (yanka), ko kuma goge allo tas guda (goge sassan) suna yi nazarin kayan abun da ke ciki na mai shales. Saboda haka, shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ga wani zuzzurfan bincike. Invisible ga tsirara ido barbashi kira microcomponents. Su suna bi a karkashin hange.

Mai shale dauki kashi microcomponents kamar Algin (sharan ta planktonic algae) sorbomikstinit (wani abu ba da ciwon da wani tsari da cewa shi ne cakuda clayey abu ko alginita kuma mafi girma shuka sharan). Yana samu a cikin dutse abun da ke ciki da kuma vitrinite (gelifitsirovannye itace sharan) liptinit (guduro maraƙi cuticle, pollen, spores) semivitrinit (canja wurin wakili na vitrinite zuwa fyuzinitu) fyuzinit (fyuzenizirovannye (opaque) itace sharan tare da bayyana sifar tantanin halitta).

Ma'adinai kashi shale dutse hada da farko na finely raba yawanci hydromica material: chemogenic, pelitomorphic ko organogenic detritusovogo carbonate abu, chalcedony bawo na diatoms.

A mafi muhimmanci halaye suna dauke da albarkatun, a matsayin abun da ke ciki na ash abun ciki da kuma danshi abun ciki na sulfur, kwalta amfanin ƙasa, kuma da calorific darajar da sauran.