Mawãƙi Alexei Surkov - da girman kai na Yaroslavl ƙasar

A Yaroslavl, mu gudanar da wani binciken a kan ko mazauna sanannen song "A dugout," sani. Mutanen da dukan zamanai tare da yardar dauki sama da rubutu, kusan babu mistaking kalmomi. Amma don suna marubucin iya ba duk. Soviet mawãƙi Alexei Surkov, wanda biography ne har abada nasaba da Yaroslavl yankin ne marubucin daga cikin shahararrun Lines da suka zo daga alkalami a farkon na Great Patriotic War. Abin da aka sani a game da wannan m mutum?

"Mutane"

Haife kafin juyin juya halin (01/10/1899) a cikin karamin kauye Serednevo (Rybinsk gundumar na Yaroslavl lardin) a cikin iyali na manoma, Alexei Surkov soma koyarwa a wata makaranta, tun tunawa da kyau na halitta da kuma sauki daga yankunan karkara rayuwa. Showing so ga koyo, a shekaru 12 da ya tafi ya St. Petersburg, inda ya zuwa rayuwa a cikin gidan maigidanka kuma sami kudi. Wannan dakin da aka kira da "Mutane", amma shi yarda da matashi ya karanta jaridu da kuma ci gaba. Working aiki ya fara tare da aiki na wani almajiri a bugu gidan, shop furniture, joinery. Juyin juya halin da ya sadu a cikin kasuwanci tashar jiragen ruwa, inda ya yi aiki weigher.

A shekarar 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" wallafa wasu ayoyi A. Gutuevsky. Wannan alias farko zaba wa kansa Alexei Surkov, wanda photo a cikin shekaru za a iya gani a cikin labarin. Shi ne ya fara yunkurin a rubuce. Goma sha takwas samari, shi aka rubuta a cikin Red Army, bauta a matsayin inji sojan igwa da kuma Scout doki har 1922.

"Solo"

A peacetime, nan gaba mawãƙi koma ga kananan gida, inda ya tsunduma prosvetrabotoy. Har 1924, na farko a kauyukan dake kusa da ya yi aiki a cikin bukka-karatu dakin, yankunan karkara wakilinmu zama gida County jarida. The sana'a na 'yar jarida nan da nan ya zama babban A. Surkov. Riga "Gaskiya" a cikin 1924, a cikin wata jarida ta buga sabon waqe, kuma a shekara ta 1925 ya zama memba na Congress of Writers lardin. A wannan shekara, shiga cikin CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov ne a cikin Komsomol, kasancewa a layi daya ga wakilinmu a cikin sabuwar halitta lardin na jaridar "Arewa Komsomolets". Domin shekaru uku (1926-1928) ya fito da shi a matsayin shugaban edita, karuwa wurare dabam dabam da sau 2 da kuma samar da wani "Literary Corner", inda suka za a iya buga farko kasida da kuma litattafan marubuta.

A May 1928 ya wakili zuwa Moscow a na Congress of Writers, sa'an nan a cikin Yaroslavl yankin, ya bai dawo, ana zabe ta RAPP. A farkon wannan poetic kerawa sa na farko tarin aka buga a 1930. Yana da aka kira "Solo." Ayoyi daban-daban na siyasa acuity da kuma ji na kishin kasa da ya sosai a bukatar. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa da gaske haife mawãƙi Alexei Surkov.

Bayan Fage: Bisa ga ubangijinsa iyali

Bayan da zama na yau da kullum a wallafe-wallafen tarurruka, da mawãƙi ya gana da Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, ya nan gaba matarsa. The biyu da aka haife yara biyu: a dan haife shi a shekara 1928 Alexey Natalia kuma ya haife shi a shekara ta 1938 A lokacin yakin, da iyali za a kwashe su Chistopol, shi ne akwai daga gaba da rubuta su haruffa Alexei Surkov. A nan gaba ya za a zabi wa kansu da sana'a na aikin jarida, yin musicology. Dan zai zama soja, da Air Force kanar.

30s aka alama da cewa A. Surkov yana yin up for da rashin ilimi: ya ba kawai sauke karatu daga Institute of Red furofesoshi, amma kuma kare dissertation kuma ya zama farfesa a Literary Cibiyar. Kada ka bar shi, kuma Editorial aiki, tare da haɗin gwiwar M. Gorky a "Literary nazarin" mujallar a lokacin. Aiki a LOKAFe, ya ci gaba da rubuta waqoqi da kuma songs game da heroes of yakin basasa: "takwarorina", "m", "Gida m." Wasu ayyuka ne songs: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

yaki wakilinmu

"Yaki mãsu alãma", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - wadanda wallafe, wanda a 1939 da aka buga voenkor Alexei Surkov. A mawãƙi dauki bangare a biyu soja rikice-rikice a kan Hauwa'u na Great Patriotic War: Finnish yaƙi da yaƙin neman zaɓe a Yammacin Belarus. Duk da neprizyvnoy shekaru, tun daga ranar farko na yaki ya aka aika zuwa gaba, tanã fita a 1943 zuwa ga daraja da Laftanar Kanar. Akwai zai hadu da yawa kasida na yaki da shekaru. Wannan zai duƙufa Konstantin Simonov ta shahara line: "Kada ku tuna, Alesha, Smolensk hanya ...".

Kamar yadda shugaban edita na "New World", ya buga kasidu, satires da songs na jaruntakar lokaci. Yana za ta buga da dama tarin waqe-waqe, "Poems ƙiyayya", "m", "Soja ta Zuciya". A shekarar 1942 ya kusan ya mutu Rzhev, daga baya ya rubuta poignant Lines:

"Kuma da harsasai da wata cũta ba, kuma zafi ne ba da kona,

Ina tafiya tare da baki daga cikin wuta.

Ana gani da azãba uwarsa haddi

A rahamar mutuwar ni ... "

Amma mafi mashahuri songs zai kasance a cikin aikinsa. Daga cikin su: "The Song na jarumi", "Song na kare Moscow", kuma, ba shakka, sanannen "dugout".

A labarin na "dugouts"

A song aka haife shi a watan Nuwamba 1942 a yankin na Istria (kauyen Kashino, Moscow Region), inda ya yi bar yanayi na wani fili mai bom. Ya gaske ji cewa a gabãnin mutuwarsa, kawai 'yan matakai. Lokacin da hatsarin ya shige, dukan abakwat da shrapnel bulala. Ko da a cikin Moscow, ya aka haife sanannen Lines na waka aika zuwa Chistopol matarsa. Lokacin da edition bayyana mawaki Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov ba shi da wani hannu-rubuce Lines, da kuma bayan mako daya a song farko yi da abokinsa Mikhail Savin.

Daga farko da bayyanar da shi nan da nan suka tafi wajen ƙofar, zama a fi so yanki na sojoji. Ta rera waka Lidiya Ruslanova, kuma da farko ma saki records da rikodin. Amma sai suka hallaka, kamar yadda siyasa da ma'aikatan hange lalacewar a cikin Lines daga cikin waka da kuma tambayi canza kalmomi. Amma da song ya tafi zuwa ga mutane. Akwai shaida da cewa sojojin shiga yaƙi, suna ihu suna cewa: "Ku raira waƙa, harmonica, Blizzard duk!" The shahara song daga kauyen Kashino wani abin tunawa. Yana da wani real amincewa da marubucin, wanda ke aiki na da sake zagayowar a shekarar 1946 aka bayar da Jihar Prize.

'yan shekarun nan

Bayan da yaki, Alexei Surkov, wanda biography ya zama hade da jam'iyyar da kuma jihar ayyuka, kamar yadda shugaban edita na "Ogonyok" da kuma rector na Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafe ya yi mai yawa ga ganowa sabon iyawa. Ya buga Anna Akhmatova, don kare ta sunan a gaban Joseph Stalin. A lokaci guda, kasancewa a yaƙĩni gurguzu, ya bai gane kerawa Boris Pasternak, sãɓã wa Solzhenitsyn da Andrei Sakharov. Mawãƙi ga dama shekaru, za a kai ta Union of Soviet Writers.

A shekarar 1969, gwamnatin kasar za ta tasbĩhi game da nasarori Star na Hero na aiki nasarori. Bayan mutuwar wani mutum a 1983, domin da yawa shi zai zama wani gagarumin mawãƙi, ya zama shahararren Yaroslavl ƙasar.