Mene ne haɗin kai: cin amana ko fafitikar 'yanci?

Lalle mutane da yawa basu san abin da haɗin kai yake ba, kuma suna jin wannan kalma a karon farko. A cikin fassarar doka, wannan son rai, da gangan, hadin kai tare da abokan gaba a bukatunsu da kuma sakamakon kudin ƙasarsu, a wasu kalmomi - cin amana. An bayyana wannan magana a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a 1940, lokacin da Marshal Petain, shugaban gwamnatin Vichy, ya yi kira ga kasar Faransa su yi aiki tare da hukumomin Jamus a lokacin da suke zaune a Faransa.

Bayan haka, menene haɗin gwiwar, koyi a wasu ƙasashe. A lokaci fara da za a yi amfani a game da duk da Turai gwamnatoci, mukaddashin karkashin Jamus zama (yanayin Lokotskoy jumhuriya, Quisling gwamnati a Norway, da ayyukan a shagaltar da ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, "Melnyk" da sauransu. P.) Kuma sarrafawa da Hitlerite kungiyar soja kungiyoyi na 'yan kasa da shagaltar da kasashen (kasa Sashen SS, rundunar sojojin Vlasov, da sauransu).

Hadin gwiwa a yakin duniya na biyu

A cikin tarihin tarihi, fiction, ayyukan watsa labarun, aikin jaruntakar miliyoyin mutane a lokacin yakin ya yadu - wasu lokuta mahimmanci, wasu lokuta ana nazari, wasu lokuta na tunanin. Amma akwai wasu mutane - wadanda suka haɗu da Nazis, suna ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari su tsira a cikin yanayin mulkin. A yanzu ana iya yiwuwa a cika maganganun masana tarihi cewa Soviet Union wata ƙasa ce ta masu cin amana, da dubban daruruwan dubban 'yan uwanmu suka tashi a karkashin jagorancin na uku na Reich, don haka suna ƙoƙarin yaki da tsarin mulkin Stalinist. Shin hakan ne haka? Shin haɗin gwiwar Rasha ne sosai? Bari muyi ƙoƙarin fahimta.

Yin hadin kai tare da masu fascists

Ba zai zama ba, don ƙaryatãwa game da wannan haɗin gwiwar da aka yi a War War Patriotic. An sani cewa dubban Rasha 'yan asalin wanda ya koma da dakarun ROA (Rasha Liberation Army), a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1945, tare da makamai a hannunsu kokarin dakatar da nasara gaba na gabaci zuwa Berlin mu sojojin. Kuma nawa ne masu cin hanci da rashawa? Ranar Fabrairu na 45 ROA ya ƙunshi raka'a biyu, ciki har da kimanin mutane dubu arba'in, da kuma undeformed, lambobi goma zuwa dubu goma sha biyu. Har ila yau, ga ROA, shi ne Cossack Corps na Helmut von Pannwitz, wanda ya kunshi mutane dubu arba'in da biyar, da kuma rukuni na Rasha, wanda aka yi da 'yan gudun hijirar, wadanda suka yi yakin a Serbia, ciki harda kimanin mutane 6,000. Saboda haka, akwai mutane dubu dari da dubu ashirin kawai a cikin ROA. A cikin ayyuka daban-daban na haɗin gwiwar da ke cikin dukkanin USSR, a cikin duka, har zuwa mayakan 800 ne suka shiga (bisa ga bayanin Jamus). Wannan shi ne!

Hanyoyin Gudanarwa

Zan iya cewa, cin amanar kasa ne daban-daban: administrative, ilimi, soja, da tattalin arziki, ta ruhaniya, da akida, kabilanci, jima'i, yaro. Don haka, wasu mutane sun haɗu da abokan gaba da makamai a hannu - wannan haɗin gwiwar soja ne. A cikin USSR, Faransa da wasu ƙasashe a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu akwai wani nau'i na mutanen da suka ba da hankali ga aikin abokan gaba: ikon ruhaniya na firist, fasaha na mai rawa, fasaha na ma'aikacin. Amma game da haɗin gwiwar yara, ya ga ya yi raguwa. Jami'an Jamus sun zaba dubban yara da suke fama da yunwa a Rasha, suna ciyar da su, sa'an nan kuma suka ba da nau'o'in TNT kuma sun ba su damar jefa su a tashar jiragen kasa zuwa tashar kwalba. Kusan dukkan yara basu kammala aikin ba, kuma wadanda suka aikata hakan, tabbas, sun kasance saboda rashin tunani.

Ƙauna da Jamus

Kuma ta yaya aka haɗu da haɗin kai a yakin duniya na biyu? Turai na bukatar mutane masu kyau da jini. Ka tuna da wakilin kungiyar Swedish "ABBA" Anni-Frid Lingstad? Ita ce kawai ta haɗin haɗin kai. Mahaifinta jaridar Jamus ce, kuma mahaifiyarta mace ce ta Norwegian. Rasha 'yan mata a matsayin launin fata ra'ayi da bukatun na uku Reich bai amsa. Ko da umarni an bayar da haramta haramtacciyar Jamus daga mamaye tare da matayen mu don kauce wa lalatawar jinin Aryan. Duk da haka, a aikace, abubuwa sun bambanta. Tsakanin mutane da suka dubi gaban daga zurfin baya, da waɗanda suke cikin zafi sosai, akwai wasu saba wa juna. Alal misali, a Orel, General Gaman, kwamandan Jamus, ya sanar da cewa idan wata mace ta tabbatar da cewa ta haifi ɗa daga wani dan Jamus, za ta sami alimony daga umurnin Jamus.

Kisa

Game da abin da yake haɗin gwiwar, sun san a duk ƙasashe na Turai, amma sun yi hulɗa da masu cin amana a ko'ina cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Alal misali, a Norway, mutumin da kawai ya amsa wannan gaisuwa tare da Jamusanci, dole ya tuba. Me za mu ce game da masu haɗin gwiwa. An yanke musu hukuncin kisa, a kurkuku. Haka kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Ko da a lokacin yakin basasa, mutanen da suka kasance a cikin yankunan da aka mallaka sun kasance sunyi wannan gaskiyar a cikin takardun tambayoyin. Alamar baki, wanda ake kira Kainova hatimi, yana nuna cewa dole ne a kula da irin wannan mutum tare da taka tsantsan.

A ƙarshe

Kuma menene hadin kai a fahimtar mutanen zamani? Alal misali, yanzu a cikin Baltic kasashen hadin gwiwar da ake kira kahon. An kira su dakarun da kuma mayakan 'yanci. Abin farin ciki, mutanen da suka tsaya a kan wannan ra'ayi 'yan tsiraru ne. Ba zamu yi wa masu laifi laifi ba, wadanda suka yi yaki a hannun masu fascist da makamai a hannunsu. Ba za mu iya ba da damar ba, cewa bayan shekaru bayan da aka ci nasara, mun yi kokarin sata shi!