Mene ne neutrality? Kowa ya kamata sani

A cikin 'yan shekaru da halin da ake ciki a duniya da aka karfi mai tsanani up. Kowane yanzu, sa'an nan a sassa daban daban na duniya filashi sabon gida rikice-rikice, shiga ta ƙara kasashen. A cikin wadannan wuya yanayi, a kan talabijin da kuma a shafukan wallafe, da kalmar "siyasa na amfani da makamai neutrality" daga lokaci zuwa lokaci sauti. Duk da haka, ba duka mutane da cikakken fahimta ma'anarta, kazalika da waɗanda suka riƙi a jihar, ya bayyana a kan wannan matsayi.

A definition

The kalmar "neutrality" yana da Latin asalinsu. Fassara yana nufin "ba a daya ko sauran." Wannan lokaci da aka mika wa dokokin kasa da kasa. Ana amfani da lokacin magana game da gazawar da jihar su ta shiga yaki a lokacin da matsaloli da kuma ta shiga daya daga cikin soja raka'a a peacetime. A wasu kalmomin, neutrality - shi ne a lokacin da gwamnati daukan wani m hali zuwa ra'ayoyin sauran kasashen jam'iyyar zuwa ga rikici.

iri neutrality

Saka hannu na jihar yana da dama iri da kuma za a iya gyarawa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Wannan lokaci za a iya amfani da hudu dabi'u:

1. States kamar Switzerland da Austria, da tsayar da m neutrality. Wannan matsayi yana gyarawa a ciki dokoki da aka gane a ko'ina cikin duniya. Amurka wanda gane kansu kamar yadda magoya bayan na dindindin neutrality, ba zai iya shiga cikin yaki yana cikin soja ƙawance da kuma ba da izni ga yi a kan iyakarta da kasashen waje soja wurare.

2. Wasu kasashe na Asiya, Afirka da Latin Amurka rike m neutrality. Sun bayyana su riko ga kasa da kasa da tsaro da taimako a cikin kau na kasa da kasa da tashin hankali, da kin amincewa da makamai tseren. Da zarar cikin shekaru uku, taron da aka gudanar, a lokacin da kasar ta sake bayyana matsayin su.

3. Sweden ne daya daga cikin kasashen iƙirarin da gargajiya neutrality. Its main alama ne cewa jihar taba tabbatar da matsayi, da kuma bãyukansu ga manufofin na saka hannu a kan wani son rai-akai. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi yana iya a kowane lokaci ƙarasa da kiyaye alkawura, saboda babu inda bai bayyana su status.

4. Sau da yawa gwamnatin sa hannu na kasa da kasa takardu wanda ya bayyana su ga wajibobi. Contractual neutrality - abin da ake kira da wannan irin. Wani misali na wannan ne yarjejeniyar da aka cimma da Rasha Federation da kuma Kanada a Ottawa a shekarar 1992. Muna magana ne game da yarjejeniyar da Concord da kuma hadin gwiwa tsakanin vdumya kasashen.

Mutane da yawa na kasa da kasa iko imamiyya kira cikin mafi girman irin dindindin neutrality, wanda ya shafi dukkan arangama ba tare da togiya. Jihar hau a kan wannan hanya, shi ya wallafasu wani gagarumin sadaukar da ba kawai a cikin yaki amma kuma a peacetime. Bugu da kari ga rashin su shiga a cikin rikici, kashi na naúra da kuma ba da damar gina kayayyakin more rayuwa da wuraren na waje soja, shi ba zai iya yin amfani da makamai karo a matsayin hanyar magance m geopolitical matsaloli.

Taƙaitawa a wartime

A karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa, a lokacin da gwamnati ta sanar da saka hannu a lokacin yaki, shi dole ne madawwama ta uku sharudda:

1. Babu wani hali da ba su samar da soja taimako ga mai saɓani kasashen.

2. Kada ka yarda da yin amfani da mai saɓani kasashen da karkararta for soja dalilai.

3. Ya hõre ta a jam'iyyun da rikici guda hani a kan samar da makamai da kuma soja kaya. Wajibi ne ba don ware daya daga cikin jam'iyyun da hannu da kuma ta haka ba su goyi bayan ta.

A tarihin samuwar Concepts

Idan muka yi la'akari da saka hannu daga tarihi hangen zaman gaba, ga mazauna jihohin da ya wanzu a zamanin da zamanin da duniya, shi ya kasance wani baƙo. A tsakiyar zamanai, wannan sabon abu fara saya ta zamani ma'anar. Na da kasar ayyana game da kowa na da su addini da kuma al'adu imani da kuma kokarin zama tsaka tsaki, amma a wasu lokuta ba cika. Shi ne, a sama da dukan, game da yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin tẽku sarari. Kawai daga XVI karni, jihohin fara gane cewa neutrality - wani matsayi wanda dole ne a kiyaye.

ba misalai

A karon farko a tarihi, lokacin da kasar ayyana wani m neutrality, Dates baya ga ƙarshen XVIII karni. A cikin tarihin duniya ya bar ta mark alliance manyan manyan kasashen duniya, wanda sun aikata su, don kare ka'idojin kayyade a cikin jawabi na Catherine II, soma a watan Fabrairu 1780. Yana hada da Rasha Empire, France, Spain, US States, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, Austria, Portugal, Sicily. Wannan alliance gudana, yayin da akwai wani yaki ga 'yancin kai na yankunan Amirka daga Ingila. Bayan da yaki a 1783, shi a zahiri rushe.

A 1800 aka sanya hannu da ake kira na biyu dauke da makamai neutrality tsakanin Rasha Empire, Denmark, Sweden da kuma Prussia. Ya dogara ne a kan ka'idodin da furucin da Catherine tare da qananan gyare-gyare da aka sa. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar Paul na da Accession na Alexander I, ya daina wanzuwa.

don takaita

Saka hannu - a shari'a matsayi abin da ya zo dogon hanya har, a karshe tsiwirwirinsu ta zamani ma'anar. Great taimako ga ta fitowan sanya Rasha Empress Catherine II, wanda ya dage farawa daga dama daga cikin ka'idojin a jawabi na 1780. Idan jihar ya furta da neutrality, shi ya jawo gagarumin wajibobi. Wannan shi ne daidai gaskiya ga peacetime da wartime. Saboda haka, wannan sabon abu ne ba don haka na kowa a duniya kamar yadda za mu so.