Mene ne wani hikaya, da kuma abin da ya bambanta shi daga sauran wallafe-wallafen nau'o'i

Lokacin da muka kasance kawai crumbs, uwa ko kaka gaya mana game da hen-Ryaba da kolobok. Lokacin da muka tashi kadan, mun karanta daga hoto littattafai. Sa'an nan kuma muka kalli zane mai ban dariya game da Snow White kuma Bakwai Dwarfs, Cinderella da Vasilisa Mai hikima. To, shi ne lokacin da za a zo, kuma mun avidly hadiye "1001 Nights" ko "Panchatantra" duba "Shrek" ya ba tukuna ripened to irin wannan Multi-girma ayyukansa, kamar "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka". Kuma duk da haka shi ne daya da kuma guda wallafe-wallafen art nau'i na bayar da labaru. Saboda haka, abin da yake mai hikaya?

Babu shakka, wannan shi ne labarin wani taron da cewa a zahiri ba. Amma daga almarar kimiyya Genre wannan shi ne daban-daban a cewa shi bai yi da'awar ya amincin. Ya qaddara alamu ba mu mu fahimci cewa shi ne, ba a daidai bayanai, da kuma a cikin labari da kuma halin kirki ( "A wani mulki," "Gama Sarkin Peas"). A wannan ya bambanta daga labari cewa ya gaya na cosmogony, theogony da exploits na heroes (kamar Hercules). Epics, sagas da Legends, duk da ya fantastic labarin, magana da dabbobi da kuma kamar, gaya labarin da mutane wanda Ya halitta su. A gaskiya, shi ne mai hikaya, amma wani samfurin na wannan mutane?

Bugu da kari, a cikin wannan wallafe-wallafen Genre nan da nan na nuna tarihi inaccuracy na events, ayyuka wani m mulki: kyau wins da mugunta sha wahala cikakken fiasco. Idan labarin ƙare mugun - wannan ne wasu, ko da yake kama da nau'o'i. Duk da haka, manufar su shi ne wani labari game da feats makamai Hero (byl, bylina) ko prepodnesenie dabi'un (msl, labari na kerkẽci da naman rago). Wani sosai halayyar alama ce ta wannan salo shi ne cewa labarin ne mai saukin ganewa. The labari ne mai sauki, a bit butulci, shafi kawai ga babban harafin. Don gane abin da mai hikaya, wannan irin taimakon da haruffa da suke da ko dai uniquely kyau ko kuma da cikakken kyau. Babu falsafa tunaninsu, m jefawa da tsarkakewa catharsis a cikin wannan wallafe-wallafen ba ya faruwa.

Philologists yi imani da cewa na farko a tarihin 'yan adam akwai labaru game da dabbobi. Ko a lokacin da mutane samun su abinci ta hanyar farauta, daga tsara zuwa tsara shige junior m gwaninta daga cikin halaye na dabbobi. A fox ne ko da yaushe tricky, kare - m, amma wawa bear, yayin da zaki jarumi da kuma m. Sa'an nan ya zo cikin jama'a dama labari, inda da wallafe-wallafen nau'i na ƙirƙira labarin iya ganin real dabi'u da al'adunta na mutane. Duk da haka folktale tserar da a sakaya sunansa na marubucin, shi ne goge ga ƙarni da kuma ci gaba da daban-daban da cikakken bayani kuma Daddy. Mutane zo da wasu haruffa wanda "yawon" daga daya zuwa wani fantastic labarin: dragon uku shugabannin, Baba Yaga, Bag na Kasusuwa.

A XVII karni wani sabon salo - wallafe-wallafen hikaya. Its sabon abu ya kunshi a gaskiyar cewa, ban da wani haske mutum style of marubucin, irin labarun da zai iya zama poetic, rhyming (misali, AS Pushkin ta tatsuniyoyi). Baitul na duniya adabi qawata tãtsũniyõyin Sharlya Perro, da Brothers Grimm, Andersen, Hauff da sauransu. Author ta aiki za a iya a haɗe zuwa wani wuri da lokaci, (Schwarzwald Grimm, Dikanka litattafan Gogol), amma babu daya a kai ba ya zo ya dauki wani labarin yadda wani bayanin wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Ta shi ne sha'awar a, hypnotizes ya sawwaƙe kyau labarin.

Ga abin da yake a hikaya, kuma me ya sa muke girma har zuwa retell wadannan labaru nemudrenyh your yara? A cikinsu, duk da bayyana primitiveness, aza asali sanin game da duniya, da halin kirki imperatives, Harsashin xa'a. Saboda haka da yaron ya fara gano sararin samaniya da kuma al'ummar da ya rayu. Bayan duk, ba abin mamaki da suka ce: "Fairy Tale - ƙarya, don haka shi ambatonsu, mai kyau abõkansu - darasi." By hanyar, har sai da XIX karni, ajalin huda gaban zamani ji. Sun sanya ainihin jerin da adalci bayanin wani abu. A Genre wanda ya gaya game da gimbiya-rana ko rayuwa a cikin gandun daji tsoro, sa'an nan ya kira tãtsũniyõyin ko koshuna.