Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly: takaice dai biography, key kwanakin da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsa

Har yanzu, akwai muhawara game da ainihin wurin da kuma lokaci na haihuwar Mihaila Barklaya de Tolly. Wannan shi ne saboda da rashin kafofin, shafi na sosai farkon lokaci na rayuwar wani fitaccen soja shugaban.

asalin

Bisa ga hukuma biography, wanda ya bayyana a cikin mafi litattafan da reference books, Mikhail Bogdanovich aka haife Disamba 16, 1761. Haka ya faru a cikin wani karamin Lithuanian gidan gona Pamushise. Wannan yanki mallakar Duchy na Courland, wanda ya podvassalnym dangane da Commonwealth. A 1795, wannan yankin na Lithuania, tare da dukiya ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha, bisa ga na uku bangare na Poland.

Amma tun kafin cewa, mahaifinsa ya ɗauki yaron ya ta da wani iyali a St. Petersburg. Barclay de Tolly, da kabila na wanda za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, da Norman-German asalinsu. Kakanninsa koma Riga daga Jamus. Kakan Michael ya ko da magajin gari na birnin. Mahaifinsa aiki a nan gaba shugaban Rasha sojojin, kuma ritaya tare da daraja na leftana kuma samu cikin nobility matsayi. The iyali na yaron ta suna a Jamus style - Michael Andersen.

A farkon ya soja aiki

Barclay de Tolly, da kabila daga abin da ba a hana shi daga zaune a Rasha babban birnin kasar, ya karbi mai kyau da ilimi da kuma san da dama Turai harsuna. Daga yara ya zama sha'awar soja ka'idar. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda yaro ne da suka fito a gidan da ya kawu - Kanar Novotroitsk cuirassier rajimanti.

A 1776, da rajimanti dauki Pskov Carabinier a cikin lambobin na sabon dalibai. A tsakiyar wani matashi da Barclay de Tolly. Brief biography shi ya furta cewa, da gabatarwa da saurayi aiki ya cigaban hanzari. A Finland Jaeger hali newfound kyaftin zama adjutant janar Viktora Amadeya Anhalt-Bernburgskogo. Shi ne mai nĩsa dangi na Empress Catherine II.

A 1787 ya zo na gaba yaki da Ottoman Empire, wanda ya samu halartar Barclay de Tolly. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi ya hada da bayanai game da kai hari Ochakov, inda jami'in samu wani real yaƙi taurare. Domin hallara a cikinsa M. B. Barklay de Tolly ya aka bayar da farko lambar yabo.

A 1789, Major dauki bangare a m fadace-fadace tare da Turks. A daidai wannan lokaci da Prince of Anhalt-Bernubrgskogo tare da mataimaki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga rundunar sojojin Finland. An riga ana yi yaƙi da Swedes (yaki na 1788-1790.). A daya daga cikin fadace-Victor Amadeus aka mortally rauni, ya bi ta hanyar M. B. Barklay de Tolly ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga babban birnin kasar.

Sa'an nan, a cikin 1791, jami'in da aure dan uwansa Helen. A cikin iyali da dama yara, amma daya ne kawai dan ba su mutu ba, a jariri (Ernst).

Service karkashin Alexander I

Barclay de Tolly, a takaice biography wanda ya gaya yawa crossings, ya ci gaba da aminci bauta wa Rasha sojojin. A cikin shekaru 90 na da 18th karni, ya halarci a cikin danniya na Yaren mutanen Poland tawaye karkashin jagorancin Kosciuszko. A karshen zamanin mulkin Paul na, ya zama Manjo Janar.

A wannan lokaci ya fara Napoleonic Wars. The matasa Sarkin sarakuna Alexander na dauki wani anti-Faransa hadaka. Gangamin 1805 samu Mikhail Bogdanovich Army Janar Leonty Bennigsen. Wannan samuwar ya ba da lokaci zuwa zo da ceto na babban sassa na Austerlitz Kutuzov. Saboda haka, Mikhail Barclay de Tolly koma zuwa Rasha, kuma ba ganin kaye na Allied sojojin.

Da gazawar bai karya da marmari na Alexander kayar Napoleon. Just a shekara daga baya ya fara yakin na hudu hadin gwiwa, a lokacin da Prussia farmaki Faransa, amma a karshen fadi Berlin. A Rasha ɓangare na Saide tafi da Jamus.

A watan Fabrairu 1807, Barclay de Tolly dauki bangare a cikin Battle of Eylau. Ya, tare da Bagration jagoranci kwanto na Rasha sojojin, inda drop tasiri kungiyar soja na Soult da Murat. Mikhail Bogdanovich aka samu rauni a dama kafa, sa'an nan ya tafi neman magani a Memel.

Ga a watan Afrilu na wannan shekara, ya gana da Alexander I, wanda a lokacin da aka ƙoƙarin laushi da diplomasiyya shan kashi na Napoleon. The jami'in ya fara kirkiro da sarki don amfani mai babbake duniya da manufofin. Lokacin maƙiyi aka yanke daga kansa rears arziki da kuma albarkatun. A wannan yanayin, maƙiyi ya yi aiki a kan ƙasa na ganima da kuma bã tãre da ababen more rayuwa. Kamar yadda ya juya waje a nan gaba, shi ne wannan dabara ya ba da sakamakon a Patriotic War of 1812.

A Finnish yaki

Bisa ga yarjejeniyar da Tilsit, Rasha da kuma Faransa raba Turai cikin bangarori na tasiri. Wannan yarda Alexander aika da sojojin zuwa Finland domin zaɓi shi daga Sweden. Barclay de Tolly, a takaice biography wanda ya hada da yawa kamfen riga an aika da Kupio. Jikinsa ya dauki birnin da kuma gudanar da wani muhimmin wuri a duk da dama hari na abokan gaba.

Bayan haka, jami'in da ya WASSC jiki ya kan kankara na mashigar quarks kuma dauki defenseless Swedish Umeå. Wannan ya tabbatar da karshe nasarar Rasha.

Saboda da nasara, Barclay de Tolly shi ne na farko da Gwamna-Janar na Finland, da kuma bayan yaki ministan. Ya m Yunƙurin ba zai so m, wanda ya gan kawai kishiya upstart. Musamman cewa Michael ya Jamus Tushen cewa bai je a cikin ni'imar a nan gaba.

War of 1812

Lokacin da Napoleon mamaye Rasha a 1812, Mikhail Bogdanovich umarci farko Yammacin Army. Ya yi koma baya, don yin da maƙiyinka a kasar, inda ya dã an raunana da kuma yanke daga mahaifarsa. A Smolensk, ya hada kai da sojojin Bagration, wanda nan da nan ya fara zargin Barclay de Tolly na kasawa ya jagoranci sojojin.

A sakamakon haka, da sauran umurnin da aka mika Mihailu Kutuzovu. The Battle of Borodino jami'in jagoranci hakkin-reshe sojojin. Lokacin da rabo daga cikin babban birnin kasar, Barclay de Tolly kasance cikin wadanda suka zabe su bar Moscow.

Lokacin da akwai wani rikicin, da kuma Rasha sojojin suka ga counter-kai hari, kwamandan samu iznin, ciki har da dalilin da cewa a cikin Winter Palace, da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki da zãlunci soki "Jamus".

'yan shekarun nan

Bayan yakin duniya na Barclay de Tolly dauki bangare a waje yakin. Ya kasance a yaƙe, ciki har da a cikin "Battle of Nations" kusa Leipzig. Ga nasara da kuma hidima ta aminci ya zama Count da Field Marshal.

A 1818, labarin mu gwarzo ya bar Jamus ma'adinai ruwa su warkar. Amma na ba da lokaci don samun da manufa, kuma ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa Gabas Prussia, 14 (26) May. Field Marshal aka binne shi tare da cikakken karrama, da toka interred a iyali Estate a cikin Baltic Amirka. A farko tunawa zuwa Barclay de Tolly bayyana a farkon 1823. A kudi na gwauruwa da aka gina a kabarin, wanda aka sace a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.