Mogilev Tarihi a hotuna

Belarus aka located a gabashin birnin Mogilev, wanda a cikin tsakiyar karni na ashirin, da'awar da take da babban birnin kasar na Byelorussian SSR. Yau birnin da yawan jama'a na 380.000 mutane Bole. Geographically, birnin da aka kasu kashi biyu sunã gudãna kogin Dnepr nan: Zadneprovskaya bangare kuma tushen. A kogin da ya rage navigable daga 110 zuwa 230 days a shekara. A tarihin Mogilev a cikin hotuna za a gabatar da hankali a cikin wannan labarin.

Foundation na gari

Mogilev tarihi Dates baya ga zamanin da. Archaeological tono sun nuna cewa birnin yankin da aka sanaki a kusa da V karni, da kuma riga a cikin X karni akwai wani shiri a nan. Akwai da dama Legends game da kafuwar Mogilev. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, birnin da aka kafa ta sana'a da kuma 'yan kasuwa a kusa da castle, wanda aka gina a 1267 a kan umarni na Prince Lev Mogiya. Archaeologically wannan labari ba a tabbatar, kamar yadda ragowar castle aka samu aka ba.

Wani labari ya gaya cewa, birnin da aka gina a kusa da daya daga cikin Orthodox majami'u ko guda da aka kafa Polotsk prince Lvom Vladimirovichem.

Mafi shahara labarin na zargin Mogilev ce cewa a cikin gandun daji ya rayu fashi ƙungiya karkashin jagorancin Ataman Masek, wanda aka bambanta da fifiko ƙarfi. Boyar sata Masek, wanda shi ne a wancan lokacin wani m baƙauye amarya, kuma ya yanke shawarar ya dauki fansa, na shiga daji. Ataman aka kashe ci amanar amarya, manoma binne shi a daya daga cikin bankunan da Dnieper, a kan kabarinsa tudun da aka zuba, da kuma inda aka binne zama da aka sani a matsayin "Kabarin Lion." Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa birnin ya taso a nan kira Mogilev.

A labarin game da Mogilev

Tun kafuwar birnin aiki a matsayin wani sansanin soja na tsaron gida-yarjejeniya ayyuka da kuma, mafi m, ya kusan gama halakãsu da Tatar hare-hare a tsakiyar XIII karni, kamar yadda evidenced da yawa archaeological Finds.

A karo na farko a matsayin wani shiri Mogilev aka ambata a cikin XIV karni a cikin "List of Rasha birane, kusa da na nesa." A lokacin da yake da shi ba musamman siyasa da tattalin arziki ayyuka. Tuni a cikin XVI karni Mogilev ne wani ɓangare daga cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania, haka ma, an dauke shi da wani sirri mallaki Polish Sarauniya Jadwiga, matar Grand Duke na Lithuania. Shekaru 200 baya, a 1503, birnin da aka bai wa wasu Yaren mutanen Poland sarauniya - Helena.

A XVI karni Mogilev fara rayayye ci gaba da girma da gabatarwar Magdeburg dokar, wanda sanya shi m zuwa jihohin - makwabta Lithuania. Saboda haka, a cikin tsakiyar karni XVII birnin da aka dauka ba tare da wani yaki da Rasha sojoji, amma shekaru bakwai daga baya ya dawo a cikin Commonwealth. A birnin da aka mugun lalace a cikin shakka daga cikin Rasha-Polish rikici.

Shekaru na Rasha-Swedish War of 1700-1721 ma sa mai girma lalacewar Mogilev, ya aka dukkan pitted da ramuka, kuma kufaifan sanye take. Da farko bangare na Poland a 1772 ya haifar da canja wurin da Mogilev a Rasha Empire a 1777 aka kafa Mogilev lardin. Bayan shekaru 3, shi ne a nan cewa taron na Rasha Empress Catherine II da kuma Sarkin sarakuna Joseph na Austria. A lokacin yakin da Napoleon kusa Mogilev ya yi wani yaƙi Rasha dakaru kungiyar soja da Faransa sojojin jagorancin Janar Davout. Wannan taron da aka sadaukar domin tunawa sanya a nan.

Mogilev a XX karni

A lokacin yakin shekaru na 1914-1917. daidai located in Mogilev kudi Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Fabrairu 1917 Kwamandan kudi a nan shi ya kasance, sai a watan Nuwamba 1917.

A shekara ta 1938 Mogilev ya kamata ya yi da babban birnin kasar na Byelorussian SSR, saboda haka, da za'ayi wani aiki maimaitawa na birane da aka gina hotel, cinema, Multi-storey zama gine-gine, duk da haka, a sakamakon da Accession of Western Belarus Mogilev bai zama da babban birnin kasar. A karo na biyu Mogilev samarwa yi babban birnin bayan karshen yaki na 1941-1945., As Minsk da aka kusan gaba daya hallaka, amma shi bai faru ba a sake.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War of Mogilev shi aka shagaltar da ta Nazis a Yuli 1941 da kuma saki kawai a watan Yuni 1944. A wannan lokaci, game da dubu 100, yawan mutanen birni da kewaye, an kashe ko tura zuwa kasar Jamus don yi aikin gandu. A cikin ƙasa na taro sansanin da kuma sufuri sansanin fursunonin yaki da aka kafa.

City a XXI karni

A cikin karni na XXI Mogilev ne a al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki cibiyar na Mogilev yankin. The most taimako ga yankin ta tattalin arzikin da ake yin man fetur refining, inji-gini da karfe-aiki yanki, birnin yana da Turai ta most manufacturer na polyester zaruruwa. Mogilev kuma shi ne daya daga cikin ilimi cibiyoyin Belarus, akwai 7 jami'o'i da kuma 12 na biyu.

gani na gari

Mogilev kafin zama ta Jamus a 1941, birnin fariyar a manyan yawan jan hankali, amma kusan dukkan su kasance halakakku. A birnin kiyaye da Orthodox Monuments, kamar:

• St. Nicholas Convent.
• Roman Katolika Cathedral na ɗauka.
• Cathedral na Uku Hierarchs.
• Holy Cross Church.
• Holy Cross Cathedral.

Bugu da kari a wuraren ibada, a Mogilev akwai wasu wuraren ban sha'awa, kowanne daga abin da tarihi darajar.

Tsarki ya tabbata square

A lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland tarihi Mogilev fa, tã mu da shi a matsayin wani m birnin. Ya aka dauke da manyan kogin tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma tsakiyar square da aka sani da kasuwa. Bayan da zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire, yankin zama da aka sani da Gwamnan, da kuma ci gaban yankin aikata Rasha gine-ginen. tsohon kiri shagunan da hudu m gine-gine da aka gina da aka cire: Haikalin domin mulki da mataimakin gwamnan, lardin majalisa da kuma kotu, da kiwon lafiya jirgin da kuma Rumbun (a halin yanzu tarihin gida gidan kayan gargajiya).

Har yanzu kiyaye kawai na huɗu gini na hadaddun. Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, yankin ya zama sananne a matsayin Soviet, wannan shi ne inda demonstrative yanke hukuncin kisa na ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu a lokacin yaki na 1941-45. A 2014, yankin ya karbi yanzu sunan - Square na Fame.

Hall (Moguilev)

Tarihi ya gaya mana cewa sabuntawa na City Hall a kan Belarushiyanci hukumomin yi kawai a shekarar 2007, ko da yake da m kwanciya ya faru a farkon 90s. Karni na ashirin. A batun da gine na ma'aikatar magajin gari ta samo asali a karshen na XVI karni, bayan karbar shiri na Magdeburg dokar. The asali gini da aka yi da itace da cewa ya akai-akai ya jagoranci zuwa ga wuta, kuma ma'aikatar magajin gari kone gaba daya, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ta wuri canja sau da yawa.

Stone Town Hall da aka gina a lokacin 1679-1698 shekaru, rufi an rufe ta da fale-falen, kusa da garin zauren da aka kafa tare da biyu da shirayi a kan su gilded weathervane. A tsawo daga hasumiyar da spire ya 46 mita. A lokacin da Rasha-Swedish yaki na 1700-1721 da ma'aikatar magajin gari da aka halaka, amma a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata daga baya ya sake. A 1780, ma'aikatar magajin gari da kuma ziyarci Empress Catherine Mai girma.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, da Town Hall da aka mugun lalace, ta gane tarihi abin tunawa daga All-Union muhimmanci. A duk da Board ta yanke shawara a kan sabuntawa na ma'aikatar magajin gari, da aikin da ya ba fara, da kuma a shekara ta 1957 shi duka hura tashi. City Hall da aka cika mayar da bude ga jama'a a shekarar 2008.

Museum of History of Mogilev aka located a City Hall. Nunin dakunan located a kan biyu benaye na ginin. Su ne farfado X - farkon XX ƙarni cewa bãyar da lãbãri muhimmanci events shiri. Museum of History of Mogilev jiran baƙi daga 10 na safe zuwa 18 pm. Litinin da Talata - rufe.

Buynichnoe filin

Wannan abin tunawa ne located a kauyen Buinichi kusa Mogilev. A nan a lokacin rani na 1942, makonni biyu da suka m yakar Soviet sojojin da Jamus mamaye. A hadaddun da aka bude a 1995 da kuma maida hankali da wani yanki na kan 20 kadada. Ya kunshi wani baka, wanda yake shi ne 27-mita walkway haɗu da ɗakin sujada. Ganuwar da ɗakin sujada ake yi na mai haske marmara, rubũtacce tare da sunayen sojoji da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, mai girma Patriotic War. A karkashin ɗakin sujada ne crypt inda ragowar aka reburied auku sojoji, wanda ko da a yau ne search jam'iyyun.

Polykovichskaya Krynica

Wannan banmamaki tushen da aka sani zuwa yanzu fiye da birni, shi da aka bude a tsakiyar XVI karni. Ruwa daga Krynica tara a kasa na kwazazzabo, gudana a cikin Dnieper. A cikin XIX karni a kan umarni na Count na Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Paraskevi ɗakin sujada da aka gina a nan. Daga wannan lokaci zuwa ladles suka yi ta zuwa Madogararsa, da kuma tushen da ya yi magana game da matsayin banmamaki. A kowace shekara a kan Janairu 19 Madogararsa janyo hankalin mutane a baya da banmamaki baftisma da ruwa.

Moscow da kuma Tula makarai

A kan titi Lenin a Mogilev ne mai gaskiya ne "Tsibirin" na Rasha babban birnin kasar - Moscow kotu, kafa a 2006. A cibiyar ne a filin wasa na yara, sanya a cikin ra'ayi na Kremlin a Moscow, kusa da Arbat ne kwafin da Wall Tsoi, sauran saman ana fentin da scenes a kan jigo na Moscow.

A nan, a kan titunan Lenin, shi ne wani tsakar gida - Tula. A cikin hedkwatarsu da flaunts babban marmaro, samovar, a nan ne wani site a cikin Tula Kremlin. Dukan filin da aka yi wa ado da images of da gashi na makamai na Tula da scenes daga rayuwar birnin.

Mogilev Drama Theater

A tarihin Mogilev ce cewa har tsakiyar XIX karni birnin da aka gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma roving troupes nuna su bude-iska wasanni. Kuma tare da 40-ies. XIX karni, birnin hukumomi sun shirya wasan kwaikwayo a hawa na biyu na wani gini a kan wani m titi. Akwai sai ya ciyar da wani gajeren lokaci, da kuma a kan gaba shekaru 20 ya canza dama gine-gine, haka birnin hukumomin samu da ra'ayin gina wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Yana da aka kafa a 1888 tare da kudi tattara daga kyaututtuka na townsmen. Total ya dauki fiye da dubu 50 rubles. A kofar da wasan kwaikwayo da aka located a kan Chekhov ta theme sassaka - shahara Lady tare da Kare.

sundial

A tsakiyar Mogilev located real sundial, da nuna ainihin lokaci. Ga wani sassaka Stargazer da kuma 12 kujeru - alamu na zodiac. Stargazer sassaka riko da wani kawo nesa kusa sanye take da wani majigi, wani da yamma katako cewa za a iya gani daga sarari.