Raoul Wallenberg: biography, photos, iyali

"Sãlihan Duniya" - shi ne mai suna a shekarar 1963, ya aka posthumously sãka musu da Yaren mutanen Sweden jami'in diflomasiyyar waɗanda suka sami ceto dubban Yahudawa lokacin Holocaust, kuma ya mutu a cikin wani Soviet kurkuku a m yanayi.

Wannan mutumin sunansa - Gustav Wallenberg Raul, kuma ya cancanci samun karin mutane san game da feat, wanda shi ne wani misali na gaskiya humanism.

Raoul Wallenberg: Family

Future jami'in diflomasiyyar da aka haife shi a 1912 a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden birni Kappsta, kusa Stockholm. Uba da yaron ya taba ganin, kamar yadda Navy jami'in Raoul Oscar Wallenberg mutu a cikin watanni 3 daga ciwon daji har wani mataimaki. Saboda haka, shi ya kawo har da uwarsa - May Wallenberg.

Family Raoul Gustav na uba da aka sani a Sweden Saide daga shi da yawa Swedish financiers da kuma jami'an diplomasiya. A musamman, a lokacin haihuwa da wani yãro, kakansa - Gustav Wallenberg - ya kasarsu jakadan Japan.

A lokaci guda uwa Raul na zuriyar mai yin kayan ado mai suna Bendix, wanda yana dauke da daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na Yahudawa al'umma a Sweden. Duk da haka, Wallenberg m sau daya soma Lutheranism, don haka dukan yara da jikoki kiristoci ne.

A 1918 May Vising Wallenberg remarried ga Swedish Ma'aikatar Lafiya hukuma Fredrik von Dardel. A wannan aure da aka haife 'yar Nina da kuma dan Guy von Dardel, wanda daga baya ya zama wani nukiliya likita. Raul ya yi sa'a da ya uban rana, saboda ya bi shi kamar yadda 'yan qasar yara.

samuwar

Ilimi na maza, yafi tsunduma kakan. Da farko ya aka aiko domin horar da sojoji, sa'an nan zuwa Faransa. A sakamakon haka, a lokacin da kudin shiga ga Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1931, wani saurayi magana harsuna da dama. Akwai ya yi karatu gine da kuma a karshen samu lambobin m horo.

Business

Ko da yake Raul Wallenberg iyali ba a bukata a kafofin watsa labarai da kuma gudanar da wani babban matsayi a Swedish jama'a, a shekara ta 1933, ya yi kokarin Bama rayuwa. Saboda haka a matsayin dalibi, sai ya tafi Chicago, inda ya yi aiki a cikin Pavilion "Chicago duniya ta adalci."

Bayan kammala karatu, a 1935, Raoul Wallenberg koma zuwa Stockholm, kuma ya dauki bangare a cikin gasar waha ayyukan, kammala a cikin na biyu wuri.

Sa'an nan, domin ba tada kakan so ya ga wani nasara banki Raoul, da ya yanke shawarar samun m kwarewa a fagen kasuwanci da kuma tafiya zuwa Cape Town, inda ya shiga jam'iyyar a babban kamfanin cewa sayar kayan gini. Bayan kammala da horon wani m martani daga mai shi daga kamfanin, abin da yake mai farin Gustav Wallenberg, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne jakadan na Sweden a Turkiyya.

A kakan samu ƙaunataccen jikan wani sabon babbar aiki a "cikin Dutch banki" a Haifa. Akwai Raoul Wallenberg ya gana da matasa Yahudawa. Sun gudu daga Nazi Jamus da ya yi magana game da tsananta wa wanda shi ne fallasa. Wannan taron ya sa jarumi na mu labarin don su gane kayyade dangantaka da Yahudawa da mutane da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan gaba.

Raoul Wallenberg: A Biography (1937-1944 shekaru)

"The Great mawuyacin" a Sweden ya ba da mafi kyaun lokaci don yin wani rai matsayin m, don haka saurayin yanke shawarar fara nasu kasuwanci da kuma buga wani da yawa tare da wani Jamus Bayahude. A sha'anin kasa, kuma ba za a bar ba tare da wani aiki, Raul jũya zuwa ga kawun Yakubu ne, wanda ya ba da dan wani Bayahude na zuwa Kalman Lauer Turai ta Tsakiya ciniki kamfanin. Bayan 'yan watanni Vallenberg Raul ya kasance a da abokin tarayya na mai shi na kamfanin da kuma daya daga cikin gudanarwa. A wannan lokacin ya sau da yawa tafiya Turai da ya firgita daga abin da ya gani a Jamus da kuma a cikin kasashen shagaltar da ta Nazis.

diplomasiyya aiki

Tun wadannan shekaru a Sweden, kowa ya san abin da iyali zo matasa Wallenberg (jami'an diplomasiyan daular), a watan Yuli 1944, Raul da aka nada na farko sakataren diplomasiyya manufa na kasarsa a Budapest. Akwai ya samu a hanya don taimaka gida Yahudawa, wanda aka jiran mutuwa: suka ba da Yaren mutanen Sweden "m bogi", wanda ya ba da masu da matsayi na 'yan kasa da Sweden, jiran maida zuwa ga mahaifarsa.

Bugu da kari, ya ya iya shawo wasu daga cikin Wehrmacht generals su tsoma baki tare da umarni na su kwamandoji don fitarwa zuwa mutuwa sansanonin na yawan na Budapest duhun kai. Kamar haka ya ya iya ajiye rayuwar Yahudawa da suke faruwa a kashe kafin isowa na Red Army. Bayan da yaki, an kiyasta cewa, a sakamakon ayyukansa ajiye game da 100 mutane dubu. Isar da shi a ce kawai a Budapest Soviet sojojin hadu 97 dubu Yahudawa, alhãli kuwa duk da 800,000 Hungarian Yahudawa tsira kawai 204.000. Kamar haka, kusan rabin su binta cetonsu zuwa Yaren mutanen Sweden jami'in diflomasiyyar.

A rabo daga Wallenberg bayan da kwato Hungary daga Nazis

A cewar wasu masana, da Soviet m gudanar kula ga mafi mazaunin lokacin Wallenberg a Budapest. Amma ya ƙaddara bayan zuwa na Red Army, duniya ta latsa bayyana daban-daban versions.

A daya daga cikinsu, a farkon shekarar 1945, tare da sirri direban V. Langfelder a cikin International Red Cross ginin gudanar da wani Soviet sintiri (a wani version, da NKVD kama a ya Apartment). Daga can, da jami'in diflomasiyyar da aka aika zuwa R. Ya. Malinovskomu, umartarku a lokacin da 2nd Ukrainian Front, kamar yadda aka yi nufi ga gaya masa wasu m bayanai. Akwai kuma ji cewa ya aka kama da SMERSH, suka yanke shawarar cewa Raoul Wallenberg - wani ɗan leƙen asiri. Filaye don irin wannan zato da zai iya zama da kasancewar wani babban adadin na zinariya, kuma kudi a cikin motarsa, wanda za a iya kuskure ga taskõkin wawushe da Nazis, alhãli kuwa a gaskiya an bar su, don ajiya jami'in diflomasiyyar ajiye Yahudawa. Duk abin da ya, shi bai tsira da takardun shaida janye manyan kudi da kuma kayan ado daga Raoul Wallenberg, ko su kaya.

A wannan yanayin, an tabbatar da cewa Maris 8, 1945 "Radio Kossuth", wanda ya kasance a karkashin Soviet iko, wajen isar da sakon cewa a lokacin fadan da ya kashe wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Swedish tare da wannan sunan a Budapest.

A Tarayyar Soviet,

Don gano abin da ya faru da Raoul Wallenberg, da masu bincike da aka tilasta tãra crumbs na facts. Saboda haka, da suka gano cewa shi kaisu Moscow, inda ya aka sa a kurkuku a Lubyanka. Jamus fursunoni da suke can a lokaci guda, ya shaida cewa ta hanyar da "kurkuku tangarahu" yi magana da shi har sai 1947, bayan wanda shi ne wata ila ka je wani wuri.

Bayan bacewar ta jami'in diflomasiyyar a Budapest Sweden sanya 'yan binciken game da rekõdinsa, amma Soviet hukumomin bayar da rahoton cewa, ba su san inda na Raoul Wallenberg. Haka kuma, a watan Agusta na shekarar 1947, A. Ya. Vyshinsky, mataimakin ministan harkokin wajen kasar a hukumance ya bayyana cewa, Swedish jami'in diflomasiyyar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a can. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1957 da Soviet gefe ya shigar da cewa Raoul Wallenberg (ga photo. Sama) da aka kama a Budapest, kuma Ya riƙi Moscow, kuma ya mutu da wani ciwon zuciya a watan Yuli na shekarar 1947.

A daidai wannan lokaci, bayanin kula da aka samu a cikin archive harkokin wajen Wyszynski Molotov (daga May 1947), a cikin abin da da ya gaya tilasta Abakumov sallama a takardar shaidar a cikin hali na Wallenberg da kuma bada shawarwari ga kawar da nakiyar. Daga baya, mataimakin ministan yana da kansa ya rubuta cewa ya Ministan Tsaro na kasar da kuma bukatar a ba wani kankare amsar da shiri na da Tarayyar Soviet mayar da martani ga wani roko daga Swedish gefe.

Bincike a cikin Wallenberg bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet

A karshen shekarar 2000, a kan tushen da RF Law "A gyaran wadanda Siyasa danniya," da m Janar dauki dace yanke shawara a cikin hali na Swedish jami'in diflomasiyyar R. Wallenberg da kuma V. Langfeldera. A ƙarshe, aka ce cewa a cikin Janairu na shekarar 1945, wadannan mutane zama 'yan Swedish legation a Hungarian babban birnin kasar, da kuma Wallenberg, a cikin wasu abubuwa, an kuma jin dadin diplomasiyya rigakafi, aka kuma kama da tsare har sai da mutuwa a Soviet gidajen yarin.

Wannan daftarin aiki da aka soki saboda jama'a da aka ba a bayar da takardun da suka shafi, misali, dalilan da ake tsare da Wallenberg da kuma Langfeldera.

Nazarin waje masana kimiyya

A 2010 aka buga a Amirka masana tarihi S. Berger da kuma Birstein V., a cikin abin da aka nuna falsity version game da mutuwa na Raoul Wallenberg, Yuli 17, 1947. A Tsakiya Amsoshi na FSB samu wani daftarin aiki da cewa 6 kwanaki bayan kayyade kwanan Head of Department 4 3 GB Gu ma'aikatar da Tarayyar Soviet (soja counterintelligence) ga dama hours interrogating "fursuna lambar 7", sa'an nan Cato da Vilmos Sandor Langfeldera. Tun da karshen biyu da aka alaka Wallenberg, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa, shi ya sa masa suna, kuma da aka rufaffen.

memory

Yahudawa da mutane za su gamsu duk da cewa na yi wa 'ya'yansa maza, a lokacin Holocaust Vallenberg Raul.

Monument a Moscow cewa baiwa humanist ne a Yauza ƙofar. Bugu da kari, wani abin tunawa a ƙwaƙwalwar na shi ne a cikin 29 birane na duniya.

A shekarar 1981, daya daga cikin Hungarian Yahudawa tsĩrar da jami'in diflomasiyyar, wanda daga baya suka yi hijira zuwa USA, kuma akwai zama majalisar wakilan, qaddamar aiki Wallenberg wani digirorin girmamawa jama'a na wannan kasa. Tun Agusta 5 gane da memory rana a Amurka.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, a shekarar 1963 da Isra'ila Cibiyar Yad Vashem sãka musu da Raoul Gustav Wallenberg lakabi na girmamawa na sãlihan Duniya, wanda, baya daga gare shi, bayar da Jamus kasuwa Oskar Schindler, wani Yaren mutanen Poland memba na Resistance Movement - m Irene Sendler, wani jami'in a cikin Wehrmacht Vilgelm Hozenfeld, Armenian baƙi, da zarar kansu ceto daga kisan kare dangi a Turkey, Dilsizyany, 197 Russia wanda a zama a ɓoye Yahudawa a cikin gidajensu, kuma ko da wakilan game 5 dozin al'ummai. A total na 26 119 mutane, ga wanda zafi maƙwabcinsa ya ba baƙo.

iyali

Wallenberg ta uwa da uban rana sadaukar da rayukansu ga search for da m Raul. Su ma da umarnin da ya rabin-wa da kuma 'yar'uwa, bisa ga jami'an diplomasiyan rayuwa a can zai zo a shekara ta 2000. Aikinsu da aka ci gaba da jikoki wanda kuma kokarin gano yadda Wallenberg mutu.

Matar Kofi Annan - Nana Lagergren, 'yar na Raoul - ya zama wani shahararren jirgin saman soja tare da matsaloli na Millennium da kuma ci gaba bil'adama hadisai da na iyalinsa, cikin wadanda suka kafa wanda ya ta kawu. A cikin cibiyar da hankali akwai kuma matsalolin da yara wanda ba zai iya samun ilimi saboda talauci na iyalansu. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa a lokacin kisan kare dangi a Rwanda, mijinta tabbatar ba kamar yadda Raoul Wallenberg: Kofi Annan ya qaddamar da sake dubawa na MDD daga kasar inda Brewing kabilanci rikici da cewa yana da m sakamakon for 'yan Tutsi mutane.

Yanzu da ka san wanda ya Raoul Wallenberg, wanda biography, kuma har yanzu yana dauke da yawa gibba. Wannan jami'in diflomasiyyar daga Sweden gangara a tarihi a matsayin mutum da ceto dubban rayuka, amma ba zai iya tserewa da mutuwa a kurkuku dungeons, wadda ta zo ba tare da wata fitina.