Rasha katako coci. Kizhi: Monuments na katako gine Rasha

A Rasha, da gina na itace ya dade wani al'amari na talakawa, da kuma a cikin yankunan inda a duniya ya fara mulki gandun daji, tsoho gine-ginen sun cimma ne da gaske m Heights a cikin wannan fasaha. Sun tsira da yawa shaidar su ƙwarai iyawa: kyau, jitu tsarin, elaborately sassaka bayani, lafiya thread - kuma a gaskiya aiki yafi masassaƙa gatari, shi ne ba kawai don ƙirƙirar dadi yadin da aka saka, wanda sau da yawa ado da tsoho katako gine-gine.

Beach katako gine-gine

Don sun tsira ba duk misalai na na da gine-gine. A babbar dama na katako majami'u mutu a wata wuta - da wuta cin dukan biranen, sunã rãyar da kome ba. Ancient tarihin ambaci gina ko halakar da grandiose gine-gine dating baya zuwa na karni AD. Bayan bita da records, mun koyi cewa a 1183 ƙone kusan dukkan Vladimir (kuma ciki har da 32 majami'u). A 1369th guda ãƙibar Pskov, a 1636-m - sufi da Mala'iku.

Duk da haka, irin tsãwar katako Tsarin shi ne ba kawai da rabi na itace, da dukan da abũbuwan amfãni - a takaice-rayu abu. Gida zai iya tsayawa game da daya karni, da sadaukarwa (tare da kula dace) - 3-4.

Fading al'adunmu

Akwai kawai uku gine-gine da aka gina fiye da a XIII-XIV karni (har ma sai su duk masu bincike suna da tabbacin). Saboda haka, lokaci har da XVI karni, Dates baya ga haikalin Ruhu Mai Tashin Li'azaru - karamin, gina zamanin d katako coci a Murom sufi. Kizhi Reserve odoimennom a tsibirin, a shekarar 1960 ya zama karshe mafaka. Hankali mayar karkashin aikin na m Opolovnikova, shi ne wani ɓangare na gidan kayan gargajiya kansu eksopozitsii Rasha Zaonezhye.

Biyu sauran Riznolozhenskaya da kuma George, bi da bi ne mãsu girman kai Cyril Belozero Convent da Leningrad yankin.

Mafiya yawa suke dashi Monuments na katako gine sanya wani baya XVIII karni, akalla - XVI- XVII.

Lokacin da kimiyya duniya da aka sha'awar a cikin wannan irin gine-gine, da yawa daga cikin samfurori da aka basu hakura rasa. Afterthought, da masu bincike ya gane cewa shi ne dole da farko, in gyara abin da ya kasance. "Duk da yake shi ne kawai ya cancanta ya hau, m, zane ... wadannan bace a kowace shekara abubuwa ne irinta," - ya rubuta a cikin 20-ies daga cikin shahararrun art zargi, artist da kuma malama, Academician I. Grabar. Kuma mun tafi da hoton, sketched da kuma yin yunkurin ci gaba funneling zahiri makafi ido kyakkyawa, da kuma wani abu da aka sami ceto, amma wani abu - don mayar da kiyaye takardun.

A tsawon lokaci, al'umma da kuma jihar lura da yadda m gine-gine abin tunawa ne a Rasha katako coci. Kizhi (daya daga cikin tsibiran na Lake Onega) ya hujja da wannan fitarwa, ya juya a cikin wani bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye. Yau ya nuna ta zuwa ga baƙi da ban mamaki abubuwan al'ajabi halitta ta Masters na baya.

Northern kyakkyawa

Musamman kyau katako gine-gine ta Arewa na Rasha - nan da gine-ginen nuna irin wannan ban mamaki iyawa, kerawa da kuma ji na kyakkyawa cewa matafiya kawai mamaki. Sau da yawa sosai kuma farincikin yi magana game da Kizhi, wanda shi ne farkon karni na ashirin da ya zama haka shahara cewa har ma da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II sayi wani hoto tare da siffarta ( "da nisa arewa", da artist - Shlutleyt).

A sauyin yanayi a wadannan wurare inhospitable. Summer ne takaice, hunturu ne m. A cikin sanyi kakar, fãce da helikofta, ba za a iya kai: Kizhi - tsibirin tsananin, amma sai ya? Nan Kusa guda na sushi nuna daidai da kaifi hali: impenetrable thickets, zurfin koguna. Duk da wannan, mutane zaunar a nan lokaci mai tsawo, dubban shekaru da suka wuce. A sosai sunan tsibirin zo daga Karelian "kizhat" (a translation - "merrymaking"). Masu bincike mahaɗi a wannan wuri tare da tsohon maguzancin bukukuwa da ya faru a nan a bygone sau.

ajiye

A farkon 60-ies karni na karshe a kan Kizhi Island (Karelia) ya fara bayyana Reserve, wanda ya bude a 1966. Daga wannan lokacin da katako majami'u da Kizhi tsibirin fara ninka: SVEZA nan da yawa kiyaye katako gine-gine daga sassa daban daban na Karelia.

Mafi kusa gari - Petrozavodsk (68 km), amma za ka iya samun zuwa da kuma daga St. Petersburg, a cikin wani dadi zamani jirgin ruwan (as Kizhi - tsibirin, za ka iya kaiwa gare shi ba kawai ta hanyar ruwa).

A sauki marina maraba da wadanda fata shiga kyau. Yana offers mai ban mamaki view: kafin matafiya a duk da daukaka bayyana Transfiguration coci - watakila mafi shahara da yawa images a kusa da nan wani katako coci. Kizhi alfahari daukawa a kan ta gaba aiki a kan haske sama gini cewa fascinates matafiya ta musamman kyakkyawa.

Legends da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum na tsibirin

A cewar daya labari, wani m kafinta mai suna Nestor sassare gatari, wanda bayan shiri ya jefa nisa a cikin tafkin, saboda haka babu wanda ya iya maimaita aikinsa. Babu hanyar, wannan kayan ya sihiri - katako, tsari ne mai kyau mamaki.

Fice aiki na zamanin d Rasha gine, Church of Transfiguration a Kizhi da aka gina a 1714. A yau shi ne wani gagarumin aiki na gwaninta nasa ne m Monuments ba kawai a Rasha, UNESCO gane da gine-gine da gungu na Kizhi Duniya Heritage.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na gine-gine suna da za'ayi a kai a kai. Tun kafuwar coci yana da kusan babu (wasu ya kama bari saukar kawai ta daya kusurwa na ginin), a cikin shakka daga gyara aikin shi kawai kamar yadda zai yiwu a hankali dauke da taimakon fasaha ta zamani.

Mafi shahara coci na tsibirin

Building dubi grand 37-mita high Church of Transfiguration a Kizhi high da girman kai kiwata ta Dome, wanda, yũlã bayyananniya azurfa, tako hau zuwa sama. A cikin karni na sha tara, suka yi wa ado da baƙin ƙarfe, amma daga baya restorers koma asali bayyanar da haikalin. Plowshares (katako faranti, katako, Dome cewa gare ta da fara'a "scaly" bayyanar) da aka, a matsayin sa ran, sanya daga Aspen (ta itace a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, rana da ruwa zama na musamman silvery haske).

Transfiguration Church a Kizhi yana nufin iri-iri na tiered octagonal majami'u - ƙarya a cikin zuciya na yi octagonal log bukkokin kafa a kan juna. A wannan yanayin, suna supplemented da hudu prirub ta zuwa Arewa, ta Kudu, gabas da yamma, Mutane da yawa kuskure da'awar cewa mafi yawan sanannun coci (Kizhi) gina ba tare da kusoshi. Wannan gaskiya ne kawai ga log, da gargajiya da masassaƙa da cewa lokaci. Amma kusoshi (ba shakka, ba da baƙin ƙarfe) amfani da su haifar da Dome, wanda daga shi ba rasa.

Yi ya tilasta daga walƙiya yajin dauki tsaye a kan shafin na wani tsohon katako coci - Kizhi ba kauce wa ya fi na kowa hatsarori kullum barazanar da Tsarin. A riga na wannan gagarumin gini ne mai haikalin Ruhu Mai Virgin a Vologda yankin: sosai recognizable cascade na domes (da coci, da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira da ba rana - a sakamakon laifi, ba abin gafartawa ba sakaci ta kuma hallaka da wuta, amma riga, a 1963).

Ceto coci da kuma kararrawa hasumiya

By da hurumi gungu ya shafi Ceto Church: Kizhi, kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, misali ne na gargajiya addini shiri na baya. Wannan hunturu (tsanani), da Haikalin da aka gina (bisa ga wasu kafofin, shi mayar) a cikin 1764, ya maye gurbin dilapidated gini dilapidated.

Yana karami kuma mafi fadin domin ta m makwabcin: mita 10 a kasa da kuma daukawa a total na tara domes - mafi girma a dukkan, da cibiyar, kewaye da takwas karami su.

Ibada kama siffofi ne quite na kowa daga cikin Monuments na katako gine a Arewa Rasha, amma Church na Ceto na gungu na Kizhi idon elongated, m Lines. Church silhouette da ɗan asymmetric da asali Dome, saka a kan wani katako octagon, ba dukan gini mai m haske, iya cinye cikin zukata. Lalle ne m Kizhi - wani tsibirin inda kyakkyawa ne ba kawai na musamman, amma kuma m.

Wani kashi na abun da ke ciki shi ne wani tanti (kamar rufin) kararrawa hasumiya. Suke dashi ginin da aka gina a 1863, a wuri na dilapidated gine-gine na da manufa iri guda. Daga baya, ta hõre gyare-gyare a cikin shakka daga abin da ya canza ta sama na, kazalika da wasu ado abubuwa.

All uku gine-gine a cikin tsohon kwana da aka kewaye da artfully sanya shinge, wanda wannan rana ba a kiyaye su. Ta samu damar dawo da yawa daga baya, dogaro a kan na gida al'adar sassaƙa.

Wonderland tsibirin

Kizhi hurumi, ba shakka, shi ne cibiyar da nuni, duk da haka, a kan Tsibirin za ka iya ganin wasu ban mamaki constructions (89 abubuwa). A da kansa hanya, kowane kyakkyawan katako coci. Kizhi - wuri mafi kyau inda za ka ga wannan. Babbansu su, ake magana a kai a sama, kwanan rana dawo XIV karni da kuma shi ne mai fara'a ginin sauki, uncomplicated siffofi. Rawanin Haikali daya ne kawai Dome (kuma idan ya ba tsammani cewa wannan addini gini, zai zama matsala). Bugu da kari a majami'u, da gidan kayan gargajiya da yawa chapels, nestled a cikin picturesque halinsu, saboda haka ta halitta, kamar yadda idan suka yi girma daga ƙasa a nan.

Human dabara da kuma yanayi

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsoho Rasha katako coci ko da yaushe cikin daidaituwa qwarai a cikin sarari. Suka ce cewa gida sana'a an lura jagora zuwa mataki, wanda umurce su da su gina a cikin irin wannan hanya "kamar yadda wani gwargwado na kyakkyawa da zama m." Dole ne in ce cewa sun yi nasara daidai. Tsarin gina da kuma ado da mafi sauki kayan aikin zuwa taba real m karfi.

Shi ne haƙĩƙa daraja ziyara. Duk da fara'a da wannan wuri ba zai wuce ba har ma da mafi high quality-photos. Kizhi katako majami'u da sun zama sananne a duk faɗin duniya, ya kasance a cikin sasanninta na Rasha, wanda shi ne daraja gani da idona. Yawo a karkashin brooding arewacin sama, a ji dadin huren yanayi, jin da numfashin zamanin da, wanda ya wajaba a tsibirin kuma ruwan Lake Onega. Wannan ziyara ne ba kawai ban sha'awa - shi wadãtar ruhaniya. Vravdu nan kuma ba za ka iya ji da proverbial "hubbub na zamanai" da kuma taba baiwa da m artists suka gudanar ya halicci daukan hankali kyakkyawa, ba boye, kuma complementing yanayi.