Roba polymers

Yau, ba tare da yin amfani da wani iri-iri na polymers, watakila, ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin wani daya na zamani samar. Sun lashe a rinjaye matsayi a manyan masana'antu da kuma yi, kazalika da a cikin haske da kuma abinci masana'antu. Menene wannan banmamaki abu?

Menene polymers

Guduro - shi ne mai macromolecular abu ya kunshi maimaituwa sarkar Tsarin (monomers). Irin raka'a a cikin polymer sarkar iya zama musamman yawa. Su hulda da juna ta hanyar covalent shaidu wanda inganta da samuwar da macromolecules.

Polymers ne Organic ko inorganic asalin. A kwayoyin kwayoyin mahadi, gaban carbon ake bukata, wanda ba na asali zuwa inorganic ko roba Tsarin. Organic polymeric mahadi kashi-carbon-sarkar da hetero.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin polymers har yanzu kasu kashi halitta, wucin gadi da kuma roba. Cikinsa da kwayoyin monotsepey da wasu sinadaran halayen tattalin matsayin wucin gadi macromolecular fili. Alal misali, auduga ulu ko ta wata tsarin sunadarai, yana tuba a cikin roba polymeric zaruruwa.

Kuma abin da siffofin na wucin gadi polymers na roba? Modern masana'antu tafiyar matakai damar halittar wani wucin gadi ko rairaya polymers ba tare da yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta, wato, da samuwar wucin gadi kayan. Roba polymers an shirya ta sauki kira na low-kwayoyin abubuwa ko daga wasu roba polymeric kayan.

rarrabuwa na polymers

Tasari amfaninsa classifies su a cikin wadannan kungiyoyin:

1. Halitta dabba polymers amfani da mutãne na dogon lokaci. Misalai ne da wadannan: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Halitta shuka polymers, wanda mu kuma saba. Wannan sitaci, roba, cellulose, kuma lignin.

3. Halitta ma'adinai polymers - ne yadu amfani silica ko ma'adini ma'adinai kira dutse crystal. Fentin crystal zama da duwatsu masu daraja - amethyst. A powdered tsari shi ne tuba a cikin saba yashi.

4. Artificial polymers sanya daga kwayoyin monomers. Cellulose abubuwa leaching amfani polyesters sanya: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza da methylcellulose amfani a cikin Paint masana'antu. Mutane da yawa irin wannan abubuwa suna sanya na ulu, fata, Jawo, siliki da sauransu. D.

5. Roba polymers suna yadu amfani da dama masana'antu sassa, da muka samu wata babbar baza. Alal misali, a cikin haske masana'antu suna saka da knitted yadudduka na roba zaruruwa kamar polyester, nailan, propylene, nitrone. Su ne sosai karfi da kuma kusan kafu daram. Roba polymers data wakiltar ainihin tsarin da nama zaruruwa samu ta hanyar polycondensation na wasu sinadaran abubuwa acid kamar ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, a polyolefin ko polyacrylonitrile. Saboda haka, asali halaye polimerov- "kakanninmu" suna daukar kwayar cutar, da kuma wani sabon gaba ɗaya polisoedineniyam. A sakamakon haka, muna samun wani mai haske da kuma na roba kayan da low thermal watsin, suna resistant zuwa sinadaran, ta jiki da kuma na yanayi effects.

Godiya ga mutane da yawa m Properties, roba polymers sun samu aikace-aikace ba wai kawai a cikin yadi masana'antu, amma kuma a magani, kayan shafawa da turare masana'antu, da aikin noma, na mota, yi, iyali da kuma sauran filayen.