Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: biography, kimiyya aiki

Semenov Nikolai - da aka sani Soviet Chemical, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Chemical Physics. Har ila yau, mu gwarzo an Academician na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet.

ƙaramin shekaru

A nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a Rasha birnin Saratov a watan Afrilu 1896. Nicholas sauke karatu daga Saratov real makaranta a 1913, da kuma sunansa da aka shiga a kan zinariya jirgin. A lokacin horo, da Guy hadu Vladimir Karmilovym - malaminsa kuma aboki. Shi ya goyan bayan Semenov himma ya ke e kansa ga kimiyya. Zumuntarsu, suka ɗauke ta cikin shekara. A lokacin rani na 1913 Semenov Nikolai ya sauka a Petrograd University a Physics da lissafi Faculty. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Semenov ya soja mutumin da tunanin cewa dansa kuma ke e kaina ga wannan aiki. Lokacin da ya shiga jami'a, akwai tsaga a cikin iyali, wanda dade shekaru da dama. An fara daga shekara ta biyu ta nazari, saurayin ya zama shiga a cikin tsanani da bincike a karkashin shiryarwar A. Joffe. Ya kuma rubuta da dama kimiyya takardunku game da kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin. A 1917 ya sauke karatu daga jami'a, kuma sun sami wani diploma na farko mataki. Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich zama a makaranta, ya shiga professorial 'yan'uwanmu (zamani post-digiri na biyu).

ofishin

Biography Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha sa sabon nuna a lokacin da ya a 1918 ya tafi Samara ziyarci mahaifansa biyu. Isa can, sai ya sami wani tawaye na Czechoslovak Corps. A lokacin rani na 1918 da hukumomi a Samara kãma SRs. Bayan wani lokaci, Nicholas aka kira su zuwa ga zama wata mai sa kai soja a rundunar sojojin White Guard. Akwai ya bauta wa kawai makonni uku jagoransu manyan bindigogi baturi. Irin wannan gajeren rayuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa labarai ya zo nan da nan cewa mahaifinsa kuwa tsanani da rashin lafiya. The saurayi samu barin, amma mahaifinsa ya mutu da daɗewa ba.

Tomsk

Bayan haka, Nicholas yanke shawarar komawa zuwa wurin na fada ba, amma yashe kuma ya tafi Tomsk, wanda shi ne mafi kusa harabar. Aƙalla shekaru biyu ransa ya ciyar a nan masanin kimiyya aiki a Jami'ar da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha. Duk da haka, ta hanyar lokaci, masana kimiyya sun hada a Kolchak sojojin. Ya kasance a cikin wani manyan bindigogi bataliya, amma aka zarar canjawa wuri zuwa radiobatalon godiya ga tenacity daga cikin abokan aiki. Bayan haka, ya ya iya ci gaba da karatunsa a Cibiyar Fasaha. A cikin hunturu 1919 birnin kãma Red Army. Wannan ya kai ga cewa Semenov da aka kora, bayan da ya ci gaba da bincike da koyarwa aiki.

Gayyata Joffe

A cikin bazara na 1920, Nikolai Semenov, wanda biography sa wani m bi da bi, ya koma Petrograd a bisa gayyatar da abokinsa Joffe, wanda a lokacin ne ya halitta jiki-Technical Institute na radiological. Semenov ya zama shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na lantarki mamaki, kuma bayan wani lokaci ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan Physico-Technical Institute. Tare da P. Kapitsa mu gwarzo yayi kimiyya duniya wani sabon hanyar aunawa da halin maganaɗisu filin zarra a cikin wani nonuniform filin. A wannan hanya ne rayayye tasowa biyu sauran masana kimiyya O. tsananin da kuma W. Gerlach. A 1928, Nikolay Semenov samu title of farfesa na Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Bayan wani lokaci, ya kafa Cibiyar Chemical Physics da kuma zama ta dindindin darektan har ya kwanaki na arshe. Ban sha'awa cewa a cikin 'yan kwanaki bayan da aka kafa jami'a, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow.

Ba da da ewa farfesa zama memba na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma a shekara ta 1932 - ta real m. Ba da da ewa bayan, ya wallafa wani monograph mai taken "Chemical motsi da kuma Sarkar halayen", inda muhawara tabbatar da wanzuwar sarkar dauki.

yaki

Nikolay Semenov - a sinadaran da ya dace don su bayyana, har a lokacin yaki. A 1941, ya kwashe su Kazan, inda cajin da yawa tare da fashewa da kuma kona. Ba da da ewa ya koma birnin da kuma fara aiki a matsayin malami a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. University ma'aikata suna musamman rungumi sanyi a cikin al'umma Semenova. A wannan shekara ya shirya sashen na sinadaran motsi, wanda yana gangarawa kan gaba shekaru 40.

Moscow Cibiyar Lissafi da Fasaha

A shekarar 1946, ya shirya tare da P. Kapitsa aforesaid ma'aikata Semenov kuma lokaci guda zama ta co-kafa, da kuma kimiyya darektan na Faculty of Chemistry. Shekaru goma na rayuwarsa (1940-1950), ya ke wani aiki memba kuma ma'aikacin na Soviet atomic aikin. A shekarar 1947, Semenov Nikolay shiga cikin sahu na CPSU. Daga shekarar 1961 zuwa 1966 ya kasance dan takarar memba na CC, kazalika da sau 3 ya zama mataimakin na Majalisar Koli. A shekarar 1966 kuma an zabe shi mataimakin na 7 taro na District # 512.

The masanin kimiyya ne daya daga cikin abokan adawar na nukiliya yaki. To ya kimiyya makaranta hada chemists da kuma kimiyyar lissafi kamar Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, N. Emanuel. Ya binne wani babban malamin a Rasha babban birnin kasar a Novodevichy hurumi. Ya mutu daga halitta haddasawa a cikin kaka na shekarar 1986.

kimiyya da ayyukan

Nikolay Semenov, a takaice biography cewa shi ne batun wannan labarin, sanya da yawa amfani binciken kimiyya. Babban daga gare su lãbãri zuwa thermal fashewa ka'idar, konewa gas gaurayawan da ka'idar sarkar halayen a cikin sunadarai. A farko da manyan batun shi ne matsalar da masanin kimiyyar ionization gas. Ya kuma tsunduma a cikin topic na dielectric fashewa, wanda daga baya ya kai shi ga Ya halitta thermal fashewa ka'idar. Yana zama tushen wani thermal ƙonewa ka'idar. Duk wannan a yarda da shi don magance batutuwan da suka shafi m harin da kona.

Tare da kimiyya Kapitza gudanar da gwaje-gwajen, wanda a yarda da yin lissafi da sabawa na katako na paramagnetic kwayoyin halitta a wani inhomogeneous filin. Tare da Yu Khariton ya iya gane da sandaro zafin jiki da kuma ta m yawa.

Mafi shahara masanin kimiyyar ya samu ta hanyar da ya ka'idar sarkar halayen. A kadan daga baya ya tabbatar da m sarkar tsari, ambatawa a lambar mahawara. Wadannan binciken sun bude sabon sãsanni da ilimi chemists. Tare da Shilov nuna dangantakar da makamashi matakai da kuma ci gaban sarkar halayen. A shekarar 1956, Semenov aka bayar da Nobel Prize a Chemistry. Har ila yau, ya ne marubucin littafin "The sabon abu na makamashi sarkar sashe a cikin sinadaran halayen."

Nikolay Semenov, wanda yake a cikin photo takarda, mai ladabi Hanyar kusan-tsit yawa Bodenstein. Kafin wannan, wannan hanya ne kawai dalilin da sanadin motsi lissafin a yi. Mutum aiki na wani masanin kimiyya kishin jigo na catalytic tafiyar matakai. Ya bayyana ka'idar da iri-irin catalysis da Vol'kenshtein F. kuma B. lardin.

iyali

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich girma a wani sosai nagari iyali. Kamar yadda muka riga sani, mahaifinsa kuwa wani jami'in. Bayan ritaya ya yi aiki magatakarda, da kuma daga baya ya zama wata jiha councilor kuma samu sirri nobility. Uwar sunadarai Elena ya aristocratic asalin. Grandpa Nikolaya Semenova masu juna biyu Tsarskoye Selo an ma'aikaci.

Our gwarzo da aka yi aure a 1921 zuwa masanin mawallafin, farfesa Petrograd University da kuma fassara da Dante Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. An ban sha'awa cewa wata mace ya riga ya yara hudu daga farko mutumin da ya fi shi tsufa abõkinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu na farin ciki rayuwa tare Mariya Isidorovna mutu da ciwon daji. A shekara daga baya, wani masanin kimiyyar ya auri Natale Burtsevoy - 'yar matarsa. Wannan aure ya fi nasara, kamar yadda biyu ba biyu ban mamaki yara: Ludmilla da kuma Yuri. A shekara ta 1971, Semenov Nikolay bred to connect wani rai tare da daya daga mataimakansa. A karshe auren ya, kamar na farko, marar 'ya'ya.

Rungumar labarin, shi za a iya ce da cewa aiki da kuma kwarewa Nikolaya Semenova ya zama m-akai domin kara bincike da ci gaban da sunadarai kimiyya. The masanin kimiyya ta aiki da aka alama ta wani jerin lambobin yabo da ya sanã'anta, ta hanyar da aiki tukuru da kuma m ra'ayoyin.