Shin Yalta Rasha ko Ukraine? Yalta, da Crimea. Yalta

Yalta a kan taswirar yana cikin kudancin Crimea, daga Foros a yammacin kuma zuwa Krasnokamenka a gabas. Wannan birni shine sanannen masaukin bakin teku, babban jirgin fasinja da tashar jiragen ruwa.

Tarihin Tarihi

Yalta birnin, bisa ga mafi yawan fassarar, ya karbi sunansa daga kalmar Helenanci "yalos", wanda ke fassara "tudu". An ambaci sunayen farko akan wannan shiri a cikin 1154. Lines game da garin Polovtsian a bakin Tekun Black Sea ya fito ne daga aljihun Larabci Al-Idrisia.

Yalta a taswira. Yanayin jiki da kuma yanayin

Birnin yana cikin yankin kudancin Crimea. Tana zaune a bakin tekun Yalta Bay, wanda ke cikin Bahar Black. A gefen gari akwai tsaunukan Darsan da Glory. Daga ƙasar, Yalta yana kewaye da wani yanki na tsaunuka na Crimean.

Gidajen Voroktsovsky da Livadia suna rarraba zuwa manyan Yalta (wannan ya hada da birnin kanta, Alupka da ƙauyuka da yawa). Da farko dai, suna sha'awar girman girman su. Lokacin da aka halicce su, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin waje masu ban sha'awa na musamman.

Yanayin sauyin yanayi

Ina birnin Yalta yake? Kusan a daidai wannan wuri na latitude kamar sanannen wuraren Italiya da Genoa da Ravenna. Kimanin sa'o'i 2250 a kowace shekara garin yana shafe rana mai dumi. Wani alamomi irin wannan zai iya yin alfarma irin wadannan wuraren shan ruwa na Ruman ruwa kamar San Remo, Nice da Cannes. Birnin Yalta (Crimea) yana da yanayin yanayi mai kama da rudun ruwa. Winters suna da ruwa kuma m, ruwan sanyi mai sanyi, rani yana da tsawo kuma yana da zafi, kuma kaka yana da dumi da tsawo (lokacin da ake kira farin karammiski).

Yalta a kan taswirar Crimea yana cikin makamai na tuddai da duwatsu, suna taka rawa ga masu kare lafiyar iska. Wannan fasalin lamarin ya samar da sharaɗi mai kyau ga masu hutu.

Yalta (Crimea) sananne ne, na farko, don abubuwan da suka dace. Wadannan wurare a matsayin "Cape Martyan", Tsarin Crimean da Yalta, da tsaunukan tsaunukan Yalta, suna samar da magunguna da kuma yanayin hawan gine-gine.

Yankunan bakin teku

Yalta (hotuna na birnin da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) sanannen sanannun rairayin bakin teku masu. Duk da haka, ba haka ba tun lokacin da suka wuce a hankali sun lalace a ƙarƙashin rinjayar rudani. Mutane sun fara fara fahimtar rairayin bakin teku ne kawai 'yan shekarun da suka wuce. Sabili da haka, gyaran ganuwar rikewa, yin yanki a cikin rami da kuma jefa su tare da duwatsu. Tare da taimakon gwanayen ruwa, an kafa daruna guda ɗari da ton, kuma a tsakanin su akwai miliyoyin mita mita na dutse. A sakamakon haka, mutane sun koyi yin kirkiro rairayin bakin teku, har ma a kan shafukan da aka gani a baya ba su dace ba don wasanni.

Fauna, flora

Yalta Reserve wani wuri ne na musamman, inda kimanin nau'i nau'i biyu na tsire-tsire masu girma suka girma. Juniper-oak bishiyoyi da shrubbery rufe gangara na birnin. Yawanci na kowa ne da Crimean Pine, da juniper, da mudu, da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi, da bishiyoyi, da kuma bishiyoyi.

Kyawawan gandun daji a kudancin bakin teku suna da muhimmiyar kariya ta ruwa da kuma kariya daga ƙasa, sabili da haka an gane su kamar yadda aka kare kuma an kiyaye su a hankali.

Rashin faɗuwar kudancin kudancin Crimean yana da yanayin tsibirin kuma yana kama da irin wannan zuwa ga Rumunan. A wannan yankin, za ka iya ganin ja barewa, Roe barewa, dutsen tumaki, mouflon, dutse marten, Badger, kurege-Teleut, daji boar, weasel, fox, zomo, bushiya, shrew, jemage.

Yanayin yanayi

Da farko dai, bari mu warware matsaloli masu yawa:

• Akalla ɗari tara raka'a a kowace awa (wani lokaci wannan adadi ya kai 1600 raka'a) shi ne tashar sufuri a kan manyan hanyoyi na Yalta a cikin rani a rana. A lokacin hunturu, babban mawuyacin haddasa ƙwayar iska a cikin yanayi shi ne gidajen ƙwaƙwalwar ruwa, tsarin tsarin tsarkakewa wanda ya bar yawancin da ake bukata a shekaru masu yawa.
• Matsakaicin taro na carbon monoxide a kan hanyoyin Simferopol kai shida MAC (iyakar canja maida hankali), da kuma a Yalta Hanyoyi - uku MAC. Wannan na iya zama saboda da yin amfani da low quality man fetur.
• Kamar yadda masana suka kafa, a cikin Yalta, kusan sau biyu ne mafi kyau kyakkyawar hakar benzapyrene. Wannan hujja ta ba mu damar bayyana cewa yanayin yanayi a cikin gari ba shi da kyau.
• A watan Maris na 2012, bankin Turai na bunkasa da cigaba ya ba da gudummawa kimanin miliyoyin miliyan domin gyaran tsarin Yalta don dakatar da fitarwa a cikin ruwa na Black Sea. Duk da haka, a cikin shekara ta 2013, tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire na birni har yanzu suna cikin mummunan yanayin. A saboda wannan dalili, ruwan da ke kusa da rairayin bakin teku na rairayin bakin teku ana gurɓataccen lokaci ta wurin tsagewa.
• Afrilu 2012 an samo shi ne ta hanyar tattaunawa mai mahimmanci game da matsalar rashin tsaftacewa na tituna. Ma'aikata na gari sun tsara kansu don su wanke Yalta na datti. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara, an sake gudanar da irin wadannan abubuwan, kamar yadda hukumomin gida ba su iya kula da tsabta a cikin birnin ba.

A bit of history

Da ya rage daga ƙauyuka na zamanin d mazaunan Crimean ƙasa - Tauri - da aka samu ta archaeologists kusa Simeiz, a kan Cape Ai-Todor a kan dutsen cat, kazalika a wasu sauran wurare. An ba da kayan tarihi a cikin ƙarni na huɗu ko na biyar BC. Masu ƙwararrun sune 'yan fashi ne, masunta, manoma, masu farauta da masu fastoci. Hanyar rayuwa ta rayuwa za a iya kwatanta shi a matsayin tsaka-tsaki.

A cewar labarin, Yalta wani gari ne wanda masana masu Girkanci suka kafa. An yi imanin cewa sun dade da yawa daga cikin kogin Black Sea, kuma bayan sun ga tudun da ake dadewa, sai suka ce: "Yalos!" (Saboda haka kalmar "tudu" ta yi sauti a cikin harshen Helenanci). Tun daga nan, an kira wadannan ƙasashe. A kan tashoshin da takardu na karni na XIV. An ambaci birnin kamar Yalita, Gialit, Callit da Etalita.

Shin Yalta Rasha ko Ukraine? A halin yanzu dai shi ne na Rasha, amma a lokacin rani na 1475, Ottoman Turks ya kama birnin, kamar dukan Crimea. Kasashen kudancin sun hada da cikin Ottoman Empire. A rabi na biyu na karni na goma sha biyar an sami babbar girgizar kasa da ta hallaka Yalta. Bayan shekaru saba'in kawai, 'yan Armeniya da Helenawa sun zauna a cikin yankunan da aka lalata. Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa a wannan lokacin ne aka yi amfani da suna a kasar.

Shin Yalta Rasha ko Ukraine? A baya a 1783, Crimea ya zama wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon sakamakon hijira na Krista Kiristoci a cikin Azov Sea a shekarar 1778 da kuma ƙaura daga Tatarwar Crimean zuwa Turkey. A wancan lokacin Yalta wani ƙauyen ƙauye ne na hamada.

Shekaru na sha tara

Gwamna Janar na asali na Novorossiysk - Earl na Vorontsov - a 1823 ya ba da nau'i guda biyu na Yalta a kan yanayin gonar inabi, gonaki da gini. Ma'aikata masu arziki wadanda ba su da yawa, saboda yawan aikin da suka yi na maganganu, an gina su a cikin gidaje masu kyau, manyan gidaje, wuraren zama, dage farawa da manyan gonaki da gonakin inabi. Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokacin akwai wuraren shakatawa masu ban sha'awa, wanda ya sa har yanzu ya sa idanuwan mazauna da kuma masu yawon shakatawa ke ciki: Gurzuf, Massandrovsky, Alupkinsky, Livadia da sauransu.

Yalta ya kara fadada hankali. Taswirar filin da aka bari Vorontsov ya fahimci cewa wannan shiri mai ban mamaki ba tare da jin dadi na musamman ba, kuma yana da kyau, zai iya zama birni mai muhimmanci ga Rasha.

Muhimmin Ayyuka

A shekara ta 1838 an samo shi ta hanyar kafa Yalta Uyezd. Da zarar ƙauyen ƙauye ya sami matsayi na gari. A shekarar da ta shige, Count Vorontsov umurni gina wani tsakuwa hanya, wanda alaka Yalta da Simferopol da Alushta. A cikin 1848, birnin ya sami hanyar haɗi kai tsaye tare da Sevastopol.

Rushewa da sabuntawa

A lokacin yakin 1853-1856. Mai tsanani ya shafi dukan Crimea. Yalta (taswirar gari na wannan lokacin yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar yanayin da sikelin lalacewar) bai kasance ba. Yawancin lokaci, an sake dawo da birnin, kuma haka ya zama sananne sosai. Dokta Dmitriev da Farfesa Botkin sun lura cewa yanayin Yalta yana da damuwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Sarkin sarakuna Alexander the Third ya ba da umurni kan gina gine-gine biyu a birnin - Livadia da Massandra.

Har ila yau, kamfanoni ba su tsaya ba. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin masu arziki a Rasha - Prince Yusupov - ya gina fadar a Koreiz, Count Milyutin - a cikin Simeiz, Naryshkin - a Miskhor.

A 1886, bisa ga umarnin Alexander III, an fara gina ginin dutse mai mahimmanci, tare da tsarin tsabtace ruwa. Wani muhimmiyar mahimmanci game da wannan lokacin shine yalta. A shekara ta 1898 an kammala gine-ginen ruwa na gari.

A sakamakon haka, a ƙarshen karni na sha tara, mutane da yawa sun san inda Yalta ke kan taswirar, kamar yadda aka riga an san birnin da kyau. Har ila yau, sha'awar wa] anda ke cikin iko ya shawo kan cewa, a cikin 1860 Livadia, kusa da Yalta, ya zama gidan zama na mazaunan Tsar.

Shekaru na ashirin

Shin Yalta Rasha ko Ukraine? Rasha. Kuma a farkon karni na karshe, yawancin wakilai na mulkin mallaka sunyi la'akari da cewa sun kasance suna da gidan sarauta ko akalla lokacin zama a rani na kudancin Crimea.

Daga shekara ta 1914, wasanni biyu da kwalejin kasuwanci, kulob biyu, dakunan karatu guda huɗu, da kuma yawan yawan fina-finai sun riga an buɗe a cikin birnin.

Yanayin Yalta ya canza sosai bayan nasarar juyin juya halin biyu - juyin juya halin Fabrairu da Oktoba. Bisa ga umarnin Lenin, mutane sun yi amfani da ɗakunan gidajen sarauta da gidajen sarauta. Bugu da} ari, an gina sababbin wuraren kiwon lafiya. Sanarwar "Dolosy" ita ce ta farko ta buɗe ƙofofi. Ya faru a shekarar 1928.

Kuma sake yaki ...

A lokacin yakin basasa, sojojin Jamus sun shiga Crimea. An kaddamar da ayyukan Nazi a Yalta. Masu haɗari sun shirya wani ɗan littafin Yahudawa a garin. Akwai mazauna Yalta 4500. Dukansu an harbe su a kusa da Massandra. A tsawon lokaci daga 1941 zuwa 1944, Yalta ya jefa shi ta hanyar bala'i da jirgin sama na gaba. An saki birnin daga 'yan gwagwarmayar a watan Afirilu 1944.

Shin Yalta Rasha ko Ukraine? Daga 1954 zuwa 2014, birnin na daga cikin ƙasashen Ukrainian, amma a halin yanzu yana daga cikin Rasha.

Tarihin kwanan nan

A farkon wayewar karni na ashirin da daya, sake gina magungunan Yalta ya fara. A sakamakon haka, yanayin yanayin rairayin teku, wanda a yau ya dauki fiye da dubu dubu a shekara, an inganta shi sosai, kuma an ba Massandrovsky "Blue Flag". A shekara ta 2003, an kammala aikin sake ginawa a birni. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ba wai kawai hanyar cin kasuwa ba ne, amma har ma wurin zama na bukukuwa. A shekara ta 2009, a kan wannan makamancin, an gina babban ɗakin majami'ar, wanda aka tsarkake shi a cikin sunan New Martyrs and Confirmors of Russia. An gina shi ne don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar dukan waɗanda aka kashe ba tare da laifi ba a cikin lokacin wahala, a lokacin Yakin da Bincike na Patriotic. Ya zama abin lura cewa tunawar ba ta da nisa da ɗakin katako na St. Alexander Nevsky, wanda aka rushe a 1932, an kafa shi a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar marigayin a hannun 'yan ta'adda Alexander II.

Maris 18, 2014 Crimea (kuma Yalta, a tsakanin sauran) ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha. Wannan ya faru ne a kan wani raba gardama da aka yi a kwanaki biyu da suka wuce, da kuma yarjejeniya tsakanin hukumomin Rasha da Jamhuriyar Crimea.

Mazaunan Yalta sunyi alfaharin kiran garinsu a gidan kayan gargajiya a sararin sama. An tsara wa sauran sarakuna na Rasha, wannan tsari ne na yanzu wanda ya zama sananne. Masu yawon bude ido daga kasashe da dama suna farin cikin yin farin ciki a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin Yalta rana.