Specific da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman rigakafi: Concepts bambance-bambance. Wannan Qarfafa na rigakafi da tsarin

Rigakafi - babban kare da jikin mu da taimaka masa yaki da cutar. Wannan Qarfafa na rigakafi da tsarin? Abin da ya yi musababin da samuwar? Abin da characterizes musamman da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman rigakafi? Bari mu sani game da shi.

A rigakafi da kuma tsarin da rawar

Shin, ba ka lura cewa, akwai mutanen da suka samu rashin lafiya sau da yawa a shekara, da kuma wasu - kusan ba? Me ne wasu sosai saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtuka, yayin da wasu - ba? Duk da al'amarin a cikin rigakafi. Yana da irin mai tsaro, wanda ya samar da zagaye agogon mu tsaron gida. Idan ya ba da karfi isa, jiki iya zama rakumi da wasu cutar.

Kowane minti daya muna bombarded tare da wani iri-iri micro-kwayoyin (protozoa, kwayoyin, fungi). Rigakafi da wuya ta faɗa da su, hana su daga samun a cikin jiki da kuma kara ci gaba da. Yana bayar da juriya ga gubobi, magungunan adana, sunadarai, da kuma gusar rabu amfani ko m Kwayoyin a cikin kwayoyin.

Dangane da hanyar da ta saye rarrabe halitta da kuma mutum da aka yi, musamman da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman rigakafi. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden cikakke inji gabatar da musamman gabobin da kuma Kwayoyin. Tare da suke yi har da na rigakafi da tsarin, babban aikin da wanda - don kula da haƙuri da ciki yanayi da kuma neutralize waje abubuwa.

Features na rigakafi da tsarin

Kariya na jiki na samar da wani jitu aiki na duk aka gyara na rigakafi da tsarin. Ta gabobin kasu kashi tsakiya da kuma na gefe. Tsohon hada da thymus, bargo, Bursa na Fabricius. Sun nuna rigakafi sel (macrophages, jini Kwayoyin, T da kuma B lymphocytes) a dukan sassa na jiki.

Gefe gabobin ne Lymph nodes, saifa, glia, fata, lymphatic nama. Wannan sakandare gabobin cewa suna located in wurare na yiwu shigar azzakari cikin farji na antigens. Su yi amfani da rigakafi Kwayoyin to, ku yaki "kwari".

Samuwar m Kwayoyin faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin su suna gada, kuma wani sashi da aka samar cikin rayuwa, bayan cututtuka. Saboda haka, akwai wani takamaiman da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman rigakafi. Resistance dan hanya jikin kwayoyin zai iya ci gaba halitta hanya ko ta hanyar alluran. Saboda haka, tsarin na rigakafi kuma zuwa kashi na halitta da kuma wucin gadi.

nakasar rigakafi

Specific da kuma wadanda ba takamaiman rigakafi mafi yawa ana kira nakasar da kuma tsiwirwirinsu, bi da bi. Last samuwa mana daga farko kwanaki na rayuwa. Yana yana daukar kwayar cutar genetically a cikin wannan jinsin. Godiya ga shi, wani mutum ba zai iya zama kamuwa da wasu cututtuka wadan wasu dabbobi, kamar dysentery, Bovine ko canine distemper.

M rigakafi ne ba a duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Nonspecific aka raɗa masa suna, saboda ya ba yaƙi da wani musamman antigen. Yana da aka kafa a farkon juyin halitta kuma, a cikin bambanci da saye, yana da wani memory don gane da irin pathogen. Wannan shi ne mu primary shãmaki, wanda aka jawo nan da nan bayan bayyanar wani m barazana. Daya daga cikin manifestations ne jinsunan kumburi.

M rigakafi yana dauke su cikakkar. Ka hallakar da shi musamman wuya. Duk da haka, da kafa immunological haƙuri, ko tsawo daukan hotuna zuwa ionizing radiation iya rage shi.

samu rigakafi

A mataki na biyu na gwagwarmaya da kasashen waje kwayoyin da abubuwa ne takamaiman rigakafi. An kafa a ko'ina a rayuwar mutum da kuma canje-canje da kowane haifa cututtuka.

Lokacin da barazana da aka gano samu rigakafi fara rayayye kai farmaki ta. Its main alama ne "haddar" na pathogens amfani antibodies. Su ake samar a yaki da takamaiman waje kwayoyin da baya za su iya shanyewa a gare shi.

Saboda haka, duk sabuwar cuta sa samar da sabon antibodies, sa a cikin memory na mu na rigakafi da tsarin. Da zaran "maƙiyi" zai bayyana a cikin jiki a sake, m Kwayoyin gane shi da kuma za a iya kawar da yawa sauri.

Ba duk pathogens jiki reacts hanya daya. Wasu cututtuka sun kawai isasshen lokaci zuwa tsarin na rigakafi mafi kuma "kusa bai yarda" pathogens. Wannan shi ne hali na karambau, kyanda, tularemia, whooping tari. Mura da kuma dysentery ne sosai daban-daban. Da zarar sun zo da kawai wucin gadi rigakafi, wanda yana zuwa hudu watanni. Kuma idan causative wakili ne guda iri. Kamar yadda muka sani, akwai dubban mura ...

Species takamaiman rigakafi

Sayi kariya sunadaran sun bayyana yawa daga baya fiye da haihuwa. Suka tashi a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta, da kuma wakiltar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci adaptations na halittu masu rai. Ba tare da takamaiman rigakafi za mu ji ciwo mai yawa fiye da sau da yawa.

Lokacin da aka samar a cikin jiki (bayan alurar riga kafi ko da kansa), shi ne ake kira mai aiki. Shi ne ake kira m lokacin da antibodies suna shirye su samu shiga cikin jiki daga waje kafofin. Su za a iya daukar kwayar cutar tare da yaron da mahaifiyarsa ta colostrum, kuma za a iya gudanar tare da kwayoyi ko kuma alluran a lokacin jiyya.

Kudi ne ma wucin gadi da na halitta rigakafi. A farko ya shafi kai tsaye adam baki, watau lamba. Halitta rigakafi da aka kafa ta halitta wajen. Yana iya samun m irin (daukar kwayar cutar colostrum) da kuma aiki (rashin lafiya bayyana bayan canja wurin).

rigakafi dalilai

The jiki ya sãɓa ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka da kuma microbes saboda daban-daban dalilai. Su ne salula, humoral, ko physiological sunadaran. Nonspecific rigakafi dalilai gabatar fata, mucous membranes, enzymes. Yana kuma ya hada da acid-alkaline yanayi na ciki, da kuma ma ... sneezing.

Tools na m rigakafi, da farko lamba tare da wani m barazana. Sun yi duk abin da zai yiwu don kawo karshen shi. Alal misali, mugunya sebaceous da sunadarin gumi a cikin fata ba da damar germs ninka. Yau da hawaye su hallaka.

Dalilai takamaiman rigakafi - shi ne mai sa na sunadaran da cewa taimaka wa amsa da dan hanya jiki, neutralize da kuma hana su yaduwa. Wadannan sun hada da antibody samuwar kuma immunological memory, rashin lafiyan dauki, da ikon kisa lymphocytes. Daya factor ne ma rigakafi phagocytosis, inda pathogenic kwayoyin ake tunawa da musamman Kwayoyin - phagocytes.

Wannan Qarfafa na rigakafi da tsarin?

A cikin shakka daga rayuwarmu da na rigakafi da tsarin ne kullum canja kuma sabunta, don haka yana da muhimmanci a ci gaba da shi a cikin mai kyau siffar. Eh, sosai dogara a kan gadar hali, amma kuma a hanyarsa ta rayuwa da rinjayar da jiki ta defenses kai tsaye. Tips zuwa ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi ne fairly misali, babban abu a nan, watakila a kai a kai. Ga wasu sharudda da dole ne a bi:

• Tsaya ga wani daidaita cin abincin nasu.
• Motsa jiki.
• Dauki lokaci zuwa shakata.
• Guje wa danniya da kuma overwork.
• Tafiya a cikin sabo ne iska.
• Dariya da yawa, kuma fuskanci tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu.