Zaman jama'a stratification

Social stratification jama'a ne a matsayi kungiyar da cuta a cikin da dama tsarin Society (strata), a jam'i na zamantakewa cibiyoyin da kuma dangantaka tsakanin su. Strata suna da yawa kungiyoyin na mutane da cewa ya bambanta a tsarin al'umma a matsayinsa.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, zamantakewa stratification dangane da zamantakewa da kuma rashin daidaito na halitta mutane. A wannan yanayin, cikin sharudda tasowa daidaituwar an fassara ta daban-daban mawallafa a hanyoyi daban-daban.

Saboda haka, bisa ga Marx, da muhimman hakkokin factor ne matakin na samun kudin shiga da kuma dukiya mallaka. Weber kara wa wadannan arziki da kuma zamantakewa girma daga cikin mutum na da manufofin gwamnati. Bisa ga ka'idar zamantakewa stratification Pitirima Sorokina, a tushe na rabuwar ne unevenness a rarraba gata da kuma yancin, aikinsu da kuma nauyi a cikin al'umma. A cewar shi, da jama'a sarari yana da, da kuma sauran sharudda na bambantawa. Alal misali, za a iya rabuwa da za'ayi ta zama, kabila, addini, kabila da sauransu.

Tarihi, zamantakewa stratification da aka kafa tare da asalin al'umma. Tare da fitowan na farko jihohin stratification tougher, amma daga baya, a kan bango na zamantakewa da ci gaban, a hankali tausasa.

Ilimin halayyar bambanta hudu main iri na ƙungiyar jama'a: caste, bautar, aji, aji. A farko iri uku ne halayyar rufaffiyar al'ummu, da kuma karshen nufin da irin bude jama'a.

Social stratification farko bayyana kanta a zamanin da, a lokacin da fitowan na bauta. Akwai biyu siffofin rashin daidaito: gargajiya (wani bawa ba shi da wani hakkin da yake mai shi daga cikin dukiyar) da kuma patriarchal (bawa ba da hakkin ƙarami memba na iyali). Bauta da aka bisa ga yin amfani da kai tsaye da tashin hankali. Groups mutane suka rarrabu a kan rashi ko gaban su 'yancin.

Na biyu rabuwa tsarin da ya kamata a classified caste tsarin. Caste ne mai zaman jama'a kungiyar a cikin abin da yan kungiya da aka canjawa wuri ta haihuwa. A zamaninsa, don motsawa daga daya kungiyar zuwa wani ne ba zai yiwu ba. Don wannan ya kamata a sāke haifarku. Wannan zaman jama'a stratification prevalent a India. A wannan jiha, al'umma ne zuwa kashi hudu main castes:

- malamai (brähmaëas).

- 'yan kasuwa (vaisyas).

- warriors (Kshatriyas).

- ma'aikata, sana'a, manoma (Sudras).

Akwai kuma "untouchables." Su ba su kasance a wani caste kuma zauna mafi ƙasƙanci matsayi a cikin al'umma.

By kashi uku ɗin stratification tsarin ya zama tallace aji. Class aka bayyana a matsayin kungiyoyin da tsayayyen dokokin ko kwastan aikinsu da kuma yancin canjawa wuri ta gādo. Matsayin mai mulkin, akwai galihu, kuma galihu aji a cikin al'umma. Alal misali, a Yammacin Turai al'umma Sinfi na biyu, ya hada da limaman da kuma nobility. Har 1917 a Rasha da aka ware amma unprivileged manoma da galihu da limaman da kuma nobility, poluprivilegirovannuyu category (Cossacks, misali).

By wani tsarin, da rabo daga al'umma ne aji rashin daidaito. A cewar Lenin ta definition na azuzuwan - shi ne daban-daban a matsayin wani tsarin na zamantakewa samar suna da yawa kungiyoyin. The rabuwa ne da za'ayi a dangane da wajen samarwa (yafi rajista da kuma yake kunshe a dokar), a kan rawa a kungiyar na aiki a cikin al'umma, saboda haka, a kan shirye-shiryen da girma sulusi da murabba'i na da jama'a da kyau.

A zamani al'umma broadly masana rarrabe uku matakan stratification: ƙananan, babba da kuma tsakiyar. A ci-gaba tattalin arziki mamaye da talakawan matakin bada ga zaman lafiyar al'umma.