"Admiral Lazarev", makaman nukiliya powered jirgin ruwa na soja: tarihi da kuma halaye

Makami mai linzami Cruisers - a gwada sabon nau'in jirgin ruwa, girma ba daga classic Cruisers tare da wani arziki biography, da kuma kafa wararriyar layi a duniya Shipbuilding a kan tushen da hallaka. A wuri na musamman a ci gaba da dauki wani subclass na nukiliya warships.

Kuma tun da aka halicce su don gudanar da yakin makaman nukiliya, shi bai yi gargajiya tsarin kariya. Kuma ɓangare na muhallinsa, ƙaddara ta kawo nauyi makamai, tunawa more kuma mafi sabon iri da makamai tare da su da kuma canja adadin ikon amfani, kazalika da wuraren ga ma'aikatan jirgin, wanda kuma canza bukatun, musamman a kan jirãge ƙaddara ga dogon lokacin da m kewayawa.

"Orlan" aikin

The daftarin da aka bisa ga Jigo na samar da Unlimited cin gashin teku shafi, wanda ya ga duniya ta teku don duba for, sa'an nan kuma hallaka nukiliya makami mai linzami submarines.

Birnin Leningrad, Northern Design ofishin samu Tor ga ci gaban da wani sabon shiri, da ake kira "kawunansu" da kuma yawan 1144. The aikin hannu da gida tsaro makirci daga cikin muhimman makaman da tasiri na wani makami mai linzami buga. Saboda haka, mafi yawan makaman boye a karkashin bene.

Babban maƙiyi daga cikin sabon jirgin da aka kamata iko maƙiyi jirgin sama. Kuma a magance shi a cikin bugawa na daban-daban iska tsaro na manufa da mataki da kuma zamo. Anti-jirgin da makamai masu linzami da aka yi nufi ga fama da jirgin sama dako.

Project 1144 aka mai mika a lokacin, gaba da kuma sake yin fa'ida. All fili loomed bayyanar multipurpose jirgin. A daya mataki na gaba jirgin ya karshe rarrabuwa, ya zama wani nauyi nukiliya-powered makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja.

Analogues kasashen waje da jiragen ruwa na "Orlan" (a} asashen waje da shi samu cikin nadi Kirov-aji battlecruiser mai suna farko Tarka) ba. Total kawar da jirgin ruwa na soja ne kusan 26 dubu ton, yayin da ko da al'ada-gina harsashi jirgin ruwa na soja da makaman nukiliya propulsion USN "Long Beach" a daya da rabi sau kasa.

Gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet, an yanke shawarar gina hudu warships wannan aji.

Bayan kwanciya na farko jirgin ruwa na soja zane da aka kammala, da kuma uku Cruisers gina domin aikin 11442. All jiragen ruwa ne daban-daban a cikin irin da yawa na makamai. Yana da aka zaci cewa duk motocin za a sanye take da wani sabon shiri, amma ba duk iri makamai sun sa a cikin taro samar, da kuma kara matsayin da suka zama akwai. Saboda haka, kawai na karshe jirgin ruwa na soja yayi dace da aikin kusan gaba daya.

Project 1144 jiragen ruwa

Tarka "Kirov", kafa a 1977 a cikin bazara, ya zo a cikin aiki a cikin kwanaki na arshe na 1980. A shekarar 1992 ya aka hada a Arewa jiragen ruwa na Rasha Federation karkashin wani sabon sunan "Admiral Ushakov" da kuma aka soke zama a 2004. Yanzu jiran dashi.

Next ya "Frunze", kafa a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1978, kuma ya zo a cikin aiki a kaka 1984. A sabon sunan jirgin - "Admiral Lazarev". Nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja ne kawai na "Orlan" aikin jiragen ruwa ya yi aiki a cikin Pacific jiragen ruwa.

"Kalinin" Tarka aza tare da wasu fada bayan, a cikin bazara na shekarar 1983, ya zo a cikin aiki a marigayi 1988. Daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin "Admiral Nakhimov". Shi ne yanzu a Severodvinsk ga gyare-gyare da kuma za su kasance a cikin shekara ta 2018 canjawa wuri zuwa Arewa jiragen ruwa.

"Admiral Lazarev", makaman nukiliya powered jirgin ruwa na soja, da na zamani da wanda za a fara kawai bayan da Severodvinsk ko dai a zubar da farko jirgin na cikin jerin, ko cikakken maimaitawa da zai kai wurin sabis "Admiral Nakhimov", jiran su ƙaddara a kwata bango remzavoda Pacific .

Gina wani hudu jirgin, da kammala rukunin farko na abin da ya zo daga rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a wannan batun, mai kaifi raguwa a kudade, yada shekaru masu yawa. Kafa a 1986, ta zo a cikin aiki ne kawai a 1998. Amma yanzu da flagship na Arewa rundunar motoci, "Petr Veliky" kawai gudanar da sabis.

Bayanan fasaha jirgin ruwa na soja

Saboda haka, yanzu "Admiral Lazarev", makaman nukiliya Powered jirgin ruwa na soja, da tsawon wanda yake shi ne 252, nisa - 28,5 da laka - fiye da 9 mita, "Orlan" shi ne na biyu jirgin na aikin. Forecastle jirgin ruwa na soja ne game da 70% na jirgin tsawon. Yana da aka raba ta watertight bulkheads cikin goma sha shida compartments. Around ginin yana 5 cikas. A aft bene sanye take da wani rumfar ajiye jiragen sama don uku jirage masu saukar ungulu, kuma ya dauke su up for delivery, ajiya wurare for man fetur da kuma harsasai. Main abu superstructures - aluminum-magnesium gami.

Janar ajiyar a kan jirgin ruwa na soja a can, amma kasa ne biyu kariya daga yaƙin lalacewa, kuma a waterline kara kewayen kewaye da thickened fata bel, tsayinsa - 1 m kasa da waterline da kuma 2.5 m sama da shi.

karfafa kariya

Armoured Kariya kafa a engine da reactor compartments makami mai linzami cellars helikofta rumfar ajiye jiragen sama cellars harsasai, da man ajiya. Kare da manyan bindigogi, da babban umurnin cibiyar na jirgin da kuma fama bayanai cibiyar.

"Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja wanda halaye da damar da Unlimited lokaci a cikin m kewayawa a nukiliya reactor. Kuma a kan boilers a bayyana gudun zai iya zama a cikin tẽku 1000 kwanaki.

Its iyakar gudun hijira - 26,2 dubu tons. A karin tukunyar jirgi iya isa gudu daga goma sha bakwai nodes da farko shigarwa - 31 kullin, ko onshore aunawa 57 km / h.

ikon shuka

"Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja Motors wanda aiki a kan makaman nukiliya man fetur.

Ikon shuka da mai biyar-ruwa twin-shaft sukurori. Ya kunshi biyu ruwa-sanyaya thermal reactor wanda ikon - 600 MW, biyu tururi turbines total damar 140 da dubban shekaru. wani.

A abun da ke ciki na kowane daga cikin biyu m sassan tururi sa shigarwa hada reactor tsarin da kuma goyon baya da na'urorin. PRP ne a cikin reactor daki. A ko dai gefen ta hanci, kuma mai tsanani da jirgin ne a tururi-injin turbin shuka na biyu m sassa, kuma kowane daga cikinsu yana aiki a kansa line.

Santa Fe bayar da fallback samar da tururi turbines. Sarrafa kansa boilers kwayoyin man fetur, don samar da 115 ton na tururi a kowace awa kowanne.

Tururi da kuma condensate ne da za'ayi a kan jirgin na kowane daya branched bututu cibiyar sadarwa.

Jirgin da wutar lantarki da aka bayar da hudu injin turbin janareta, ikon kowanne daga cikinsu - 3000 kW, da kuma hudu gas injin turbin na 1500 kW kowane. Suna sanya shi a cikin hudu compartments.

Wannan damar da ikon shuka don samar da wutar lantarki da kuma zafi don wani karamin gari 150 dubu yawan jama'a.

da makamai masu linzami

Tarka "Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja, dauke da makamai masu linzami, anti-jirgin sama, manyan bindigogi, torpedo-nawa complemented jirgin sama.

Babban daukan hankali da karfi da jirgin - da ashirin anti-makami mai linzami tsarin (RCC) "Granit" - supersonic cruise makami mai linzami jefa nauyi na 7 ton, low-tashi a manufa da kewayon fiye da 600 km. Suna located a cikin launchers kasa bene a cikin baka. A tadawa kwana ne 47 °.

Makamai masu linzami a jirgin ne m, daya daga cikinsu a cikin volley tashi sama da sauran da kuma kulawa, gudamawar manufa a gaban manufa duk flak suka yi a wuya rawar daji.

Domin da kusa-tsaron jirgin ruwa na soja shigar a garesu na baka superstructure Sam "Osa-MA" tare da Pull biyu-girder PU 40 makamai masu linzami.

A farko wajen tsaron nisa zone jirgin ruwa na soja - biyu anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami hadaddun C-300F "Fort", tare da shida tsaye launchers kaddamar da kowane.

Daya PU da aka tsara don fara-up na takwas makamai masu linzami, wato, duk da jirgin zai iya saki 96 da makamai masu linzami a lokaci guda. Goals cewa airspeed har zuwa 1.3 km / sec, "Fort" iya buga a nesa na 75 km a tsawon 25 zuwa 25 dubu mita.

Manyan bindigogi da kuma anti-aircraft makamai

Nukiliya makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Lazarev" da aka Fitted kamar manyan bindigogi da makaman biyu-gun turret 130 mm AK-130, ayi a tsanani da M-184 wuta kula da tsarin wanda za a iya lokaci guda waƙa biyu dalilai. Horizontally bindigogi iya juya 180 °, vertically saukar da zuwa -10 ° kuma a matsayin babban matsayin 85 °.

Wannan duniya sa iya wuta iska, na cikin teku da kuma onshore dalilai a wani kudi na har zuwa 86 akai-akai da minti zuwa nesa na 25 km.

"Admiral Lazarev" - atomic jirgin ruwa na soja flak kusa filin a cikin abin da aka wakilta hudu bangarori na biyu shida-ganga 30 mm AK-630M da na kowa harsasai projectiles 48 dubu ..

antisubmarine makamai

Tã nukiliya makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Lazarev" kamar yadda makamai anti makami mai linzami tsarin da aka sanye take da "waterfall" roka-torpedo ko 84RN 83RN model an gudu daga torpedo shambura a tarnaƙi na jirgin. Roka dived a cikin ruwa a zurfin engine gudu, shi ya tashi, ta hanyar iska, kuma ya kai ga manufa a nesa na 60 km. Kawai a can aka raba warhead - 400 mm abin da ya ƙunsa torpedo UMGT-1 ko wani nukiliya zurfin cajin. Ammonium talatin roka-torpedoes.

A bakan scripting amsawa dvenadtsatistvolny 213 mm rokoki RBU-6000 "Twister-2", da kuma a cikin tsananin - biyu 303-mm rokoki 6 RBU-1000 "Twister-3 '.

rundujar soja masu dawaki

"Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja, dangane da hukumar jirgin sama detachment daga uku nauyi jirage masu saukar ungulu ko niyya anti gyare-gyare dangane da manufofin. Za su iya yin ayyuka na bincike da kuma ceto, bincike da kuma manufa nadi, antisubmarine search. Bugu da kari zuwa rumfar ajiye jiragen sama a kasa bene daga da kuma harsasai ajiya, da jirgin ruwa na soja da aka sanye take da wani saukowa dandali a tsananin post da kuma jirgin sama management da zama dole kewayawa kayan aiki. Domin crews raba bukkokin da aka bayar.

Cruisers wannan aikin na farko zuwa sami irin wannan mai ajiye hijirar don su iya boye a karkashin bene, da kuma mota, kuma da man fetur da wadata su.

Radar makamai da kuma hanyar sadarwa

"Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja tare da sabuwar lantarki da makamai. Yana hada da binciken radar MR-600 "Fitowar" da kuma MP-710M "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai-M", hade a wata radar tsarin "flag", biyu kewayawa "Vaigach" tashoshin, biyu tashoshin gane low Flying "magance" dalilai, da tsarin "Drive-A "kewayawa don jirage masu saukar ungulu.

"Cantata-M" lantarki hankali da kuma lantarki yaƙi da za'ayi hadaddun. Ta wajen Magance bi da biyu twin launchers hadaddun decoy da harsasai 400 akai-akai, towed torpedo ƙarya manufa tare da wani iko da shumogeneratorom.

A hadaddun radio "Typhoon 2" kunshi sadarwa tsarin a daban-daban wavelengths, ciki har da tauraron dan adam "Tsunami-BM".

Sarrafa tare da yaƙin bayanai kula da tsarin (CICS) "Harvester 44".

The ƙungiya

Nukiliya makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Lazarev", da dai sauransu 1144/11442, bauta da wani ƙungiya daga fiye da ɗari bakwai mutane, ciki har da 100 to 120 sanda.

Shugabanni da sammacin jami'an tsara guda da kuma biyu bukkokin ga tuƙi da kuma tausayin jami'an - Kubrick tsara don 6-30 mutane. A dashi tawagar 'yan da biyu baho, a sauna, waha size of 6 × 2,5 m, su goma sha biyar shawa, likita X-ray naúra da hukuma, outpatient sashen, aiki dakin, infirmary kuma kantin magani.

Domin shakatawa, da jirgin ruwa na soja yana da uku rikici-daki, falo, dakin motsa jiki.

Kuma har yanzu a kan jirgin ta karbi bakuncin naka TV studio, uku lif da arba'in da tara da farfajiyoyi da kusan ashirin kilomita.

da jirgin ruwa na soja

"Admiral Lazarev", makaman nukiliya Powered jirgin ruwa na soja, wanda ta haifa da sunan "Frunze" har 1992, daga shekarar 1984 zuwa 1996 ya maye gurbin dama hukumar dakuna: 190, 050, 028, 014, 058, 010, 015.
A jirgin ruwa na soja da aka kaddamar, izini a cikin bazara na shekarar 1981 zo a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1984 da kuma kaka na shekarar 1985, tare da sanya Baltic miƙa mulki ga post a Vladivostok.

A kan hanyar Tarka kiran a tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Angola Luanda, Aden a Kudu Yemen da kuma da dama tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Vietnam.

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya kai ga tsanani matsaloli, ciki har da Navy. Ya zuwa yanzu, tare da babban kokarin da ake kammala karshe jirgin na cikin jerin, na farko biyu zo a kusan cikakken disrepair. A 90-ies karni na karshe daga cikin yãƙi ƙarfi daga cikin rundunar motoci "Admiral Lazarev" Ina da aka sa a cikin dogon lokacin da kiyayewa da kuma zama da gyaran a Bay Abrek. A karshen karni shi ya shirye su vata, sa'an nan suka nemi karamin sashi na kudi don gyara na daya daga cikin yankuna gyara wuraren.

A marigayi 2002, a wuta ya barke a jirgin cikin jirgin a daya daga Kubrick. Tare da wuta yaki da hudu hours, amma shi biya kashe kyau. Bayan shekaru biyu, da jirgin ruwa na soja ya kashe nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke.

Saboda haka baya a shekarar 2011 ya duba "Admiral Lazarev", makaman nukiliya powered jirgin ruwa na soja (photo kasa).

nan gaba jirgin ruwa na soja

Duk da yake cikin jirgin da aka aza up, mamaki game rekõdinsa mara amfani. A yanke shawarar zamanintar da yanke shawara, amma ko za a gudanar, da kuma abin da har, zauna da za a gani.

"Admiral Lazarev" - nukiliya jirgin ruwa na soja na zamani wanda ya kamata a gudanar a ranar rage fasaha maido aikin Tarka "Admiral Nakhimov", yanzu da aka gudanar a cikin jirgin ruwan gyara don mayar da buoyancy 30 masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa Pacific jiragen ruwa da kuma dubi ido don kara canje-canje a cikin rayuwarsa.

Yi tsammani cewa a yau hudu vysokoavtonomnyh Tarka a layi daya, har yanzu suna mafi girma mafi m soja a duniya a cikin aji. A farko da kawai sama-ruwa nukiliya jiragen ruwa na Soviet da kuma daga baya da Rasha Navy, da ciwon ba analogues a duniya.