Anna Ivanovna: A lokacin zamanin mulkin tarihi da kuma isa yabo ga Rasha

Domin Rasha makamai a 1709 shi yana cike da daukaka da cin nasarar. A Poltava Petr Veliky ci sojojin na Swedish Sarki Charles na sha biyu - Rasha sojojin nasarar kore su daga Baltics. Don karfafa ta tasiri a cikin nasara da ƙasashensu, Peter yanke shawarar ba da ɗaya daga cikin da yawa zumunta na Duke na Courland Fridriha Vilgelma.

Sarkin sarakuna ya juya wa ɗan'uwansa, ta bazawara Praskovya Fyodorovna shawara: daya daga mata da 'ya'ya mata, ta so ya ba da sarkin? Kuma tun ba ta son tsoratarwa ango-baƙo, ta zabe rashin kauna goma sha bakwai shekara haihuwa 'yar Anna. Wannan shi ne gaba Empress Anna Ivanovna.

Yara da matasa na gaba empress

Anna aka haife kan Janairu 28, 1693 a birnin Moscow, cikin iyali ta wana Petra Velikogo Ivan ta biyar. Ta shafe ta yara a Izmailovo tare da mahaifiyarta da kuma ta 'yan'uwa mãtã. Kamar yadda Sahaban lura, Anna Ivanovna ya yaro janye, shiru kuma uncommunicative. Daga farkon shekarun da aka sanar da karatu da rubutu Jamus da kuma Faransa. Karatu da rubutu, ta koya, amma da rawa da wadanda mutane iri da gimbiya ba ƙware.

Bikin aure Anna bikin Oktoba 31, 1710 a cikin wanda ba a kare St. Petersburg Menshikov Palace. Farkon shekara ta gaba, Anna Ivanovna, da kuma Duke na Courland a Mitau bar babban birnin kasar. Amma a wani hanya, Wilhelm ya mutu kwatsam. Saboda haka da gimbiya wadda mijinta ya rasu bayan kawai 'yan watanni bayan bikin aure.

Shekaru kafin zamanin mulkin Anna

Petr Veliky umurce Anna yana da hakkin ya Kurland. Farga cewa shi ba mai haziqai dan uwan ba za a iya bauta wa bukatun da Rasha a cikin duchy, sai ya tafi tare da ta Peter Bestuzhev-Rumin. A 1726, lokacin da Bestuzhev-Ryumin janye daga Courland, Anna bayyana a kotu na Ernst Johann Biron - wanda ya gaza a Koenigsberg University bafadan.

Bayan rasuwar Petra Velikogo Rasha Empire faru abu mini ne quite abar ƙyãma na - a kan karaga na Rasha Tsars tashi mace! A bazawara Bitrus I, Catherine. Dokokin shi ne kusan shekara biyu. Jim kadan kafin ta mutuwa, kãshi Majalisar yanke shawarar zabi kamar yadda jikan Sarkin sarakuna Petra Velikogo, Peter I. Ya hau gadon sarautar yana da shekaru goma sha, amma ya mutu daga smallpox a goma sha huɗu.

Yanayin, ko da kisan 'yan sirrin jama'a

M kãshi Majalisar yanke shawarar kira Anna a kan kursiyin, a lokaci guda iyakance ta autocratic iko. Sun sanya wani "yanayin", inda yanayin da aka tsara a kan wanda Anna Ivanovna aka kira su zuwa ga zauna kursiyin. A cewar wannan takarda ba tare da izinin kãshi Council, ta iya ba bayyana kowa yaki, gama yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da, ya umurci sojojin ko tsare, tãyar ko kallafa haraji, da sauransu.

Janairu 25, 1730 wakilan da sirrin jama'a ya kawo "yanayin" a Metavu da kuma Duchess, bayan amincewarsa da duk hane-hane, hannu su. Ba da da ewa, sabon Empress Anna zo a Moscow. Akwai Fabrairu 25 wakilan Moscow nobility yi ta takarda tare da bukatar ba yarda yanayin da autocratic mulki. Kuma da Empress rahõto sabõda su. Ta fito fili keta daftarin aiki da kuma tarwatsa Koli kãshi Council. Its mambobi gudun hijira da kuma kashe, da kuma Anna aka lashe a ɗauka cewa Cathedral.

Anna Ivanovna: a lokacin mulkin da kuma rinjayar da ƙaunar daya ta fi so siyasa

A zamanin mulkin Anny Ioannovny shi aka halitta da majalisar, a cikin abin da babban rawa da aka buga da daya daga cikin abokan Bitrus da farko Mataimakin Shugaban Andrei Osterman. Ernst Biron fi so daga cikin Empress a siyasa ba tsoma baki. Ko da yake mulki kadai Anna Ioannovna, a zamanin mulkin ta a Rasha historiography da aka sani da Biron.

A Janairu 1732 da na sarki kotu koma St. Petersburg. A nan, Anna, na dogon lokaci rayu a Turai, Na ji karin dadi fiye da cewa a Moscow. Kasashen waje da manufofin a zamanin Anny Ioannovny ya ci gaba da manufofin Petra Velikogo: Rasha ta faɗa ga Yaren mutanen Poland maye da ke yaki da Turkey, a lokacin da sojojin Rasha rasa dubu ɗari mutane.

Da isa yabo na Empress zuwa jihar Rasha

Abin da aka yi a kasar Rasha Anna Ivanovna? A zamanin da alama ta cin gaban sabuwar yankuna. A jihar tsiwirwirinsu sansanin soja na Azov, da steppe tsakanin Bug da Dniester, amma ba tare da hakkin ya ci gaba da jiragen ruwa a tekun Black Sea. Ya fara aiki da Great Arewa Fe, bincika Siberia da kuma Arctic Ocean da Kamchatka.

By umurnin Empress fara daya daga cikin mafi m yi ayyukan a cikin tarihi na Rasha Empire - gina wani imbin tsarin na kufaifan tare da kudanci da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin iyakar Turai na Rasha. Wannan babban-sikelin yi, wanda ya fara a zamanin Anny Ioannovny, za a iya kira na farko al'adu da kuma zamantakewa ayyukan da Rasha Empire a cikin Volga. A gabashin iyakar Turai na cikin daular aiki da Orenburg balaguro, to wanda gwamnatin Anny Ioannovny babban yawa kalubale.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa na empress

Duk da yake a kan iyakokin daular da igwa tsawa kuma ya mutu domin daukaka na sarki da sojoji da kuma manyan gari, babban birnin rayu a alatu da kuma nishadi. Anna kasance mai rauni da farauta. The dakuna Peterhof Palace aka yaushe ɗora Kwatancen bindigogi, wadda Empress kora a kan wani rauni tsuntsu. Ta ƙaunar kewaye kansa da majalisarsa, kuma jesters.

Amma ba kawai harba, kuma ya iya nishadantar Anna Ivanovna, a zamanin mulkin ta hade da wani sosai tsanani jihar al'amura. Shekaru goma na mulki da Empress, kuma duk wadannan shekaru Rasha ya gina, suka yi yaƙi da fadada da kan iyakoki. Oktoba 5, 1740 for abincin dare da Empress rasa sani kuma, tun da rashin lafiya kwana goma sha biyu, ya rasu.