Bern Erik: transactional analysis matsayin Hanyar psychotherapy

Eric Berne ya shahara a ko'ina cikin duniya na psychotherapy da kuma tunani a kudi na ka'idarsa game da sadarwa a tsakanin mutane, kuma su dangane da kansu da sauransu. Transactional Analysis Erika Berna karatu da yawa Psychologists wanda converged a kan cewa mutane suna rayuwa rayuwa da gaske a kan labari, wanda aka aza a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. Mutane da yawa kalmomi iyaye sa da stereotypical hali na wani mutum, shi kayyade ingancin rayuwa da kuma sadarwa. Mẽne ne - transactional analysis matsayin Hanyar psychotherapy? Mene ne ta ainihi da amfãni ga mutum?

Mene ne ka'idar transactional analysis Erika Berna?

An dauke su zama m model cewa nuna bincike na da halayyar da mutum hulda a cikin kungiyar da kuma cikin rãyukansu. Wannan ka'idar ta zama Popular saboda da kasancewa da sharuddan da bayani na mutum halayya martani.

Babban hakan a nan shi ne cewa a cikin wani yanayi da mutum zai iya yi, dangane da wanda na uku na-mukamai yana daukan. A farko daga cikin wadannan mukamai kula da Bern Erik. Transactional analysis fãra tare da psychoanalysis, don haka idan akai la'akari da binciko zurfi al'amurran da mutum psyche.

Domin psychotherapy muhimmanci batu na aikace-aikace na wannan ka'idar ne tabbatarwa cewa kowane mutum zai iya koya wa zaton da kuma zama alhakin ayyukansu, dõgara a sama da dukan ji da kuma bukatun, yin yanke shawara da kuma gina sirri dangantaka. Daga wannan wuri, Erika Berna ka'idar ne mai matukar tasiri Hanyar taimaka wani mutum a tafiyad da rayuwa ta da matsaloli.

Mukamai a ma'amaloli

A wannan ka'idar, sauki fahimta tsarin hali - da uku Izza jihohi: iyaye, Child, Adult. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga cikin sauran, ciwon tari na halayya halaye, tunani da kuma ji.

Ga ilimin yana da muhimmanci sosai ga ganewa da abin da jiha da mutum ya shiga ko ta wani hanya, da kuma cewa zai iya canza hali har ba ya iya zama mai jituwa hali da aka ambata da Bern Erik. Transactional analysis ya shafi uku na asali dokoki game da wadannan son kai jihohi:

• Duk wuce shekaru mutum ya sau daya a kananan, don haka yana iya yi wani abu da ya yi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da son kai-jihar yaro.
• Kowane (tare da al'ada ci gaban da kwakwalwa) da aka bai wa ikon yi dace yanke shawara da kuma tantance gaskiyar cewa, ya nuna gaban 'adult son kai jihar.
• Mun duk da iyaye ko mutane musanya su, don haka muna da wannan manufa, da aka bayyana a cikin iyaye son kai jihar.

A cikin ainihin psychotherapy da transactional bincike ne taimako a ganin na mutum banza da stereotypical hali. Analysis ma'amaloli faruwa tare da taimakon wani gwani, na taimaka wa mutum ya zama mafi m, a cikin search for mafita a cikin wayar da kan jama'a na gaskiya, in saitin nan gaba a raga.

The iri ma'amaloli a psychotherapy

Duk wani hulda tsakanin mutane, ko ba fi'ili jawabin, kira ma'amaloli a ka'idar, cewa ya ba da Bern Erik. Transactional bincike a cikin tsarin na psychotherapy ya shafi nazarin dangantaka tsakanin mutane, kazalika da samar da mafita ga kunno kai matsaloli.

Specialist da muhimmanci a gane wanda makircinsu, sun ɓatar to matsaloli a cikin dangantaka. Akwai iri biyu fi'ili da kuma nonverbal interactions:

• a layi daya.
• ƙetare.

Layi daya hanyoyin hulda

A ilimin aiki tare da wani abokin ciniki, da kayyade abin da irin ma'amaloli aka yi amfani. Layi daya ra'ayoyi ne sanyata dangantaka. A wannan yanayin, da son kai-matsayin dole ne dace ba. Alal misali, wata ma'amala tare da tambaya "Ta yaya kake?" da kuma amsar, "All ne da kyau!" sanya ta fuskar fara tasawa. A wannan yanayin, babu matsaloli a cikin hulda ba ya faruwa.

giciye ma'amaloli

Cross iya fararwa rikice-rikice. Yana da wannan hulda, a cikin abin da wani mai kara kuzari (tambaya ko roko) ya zo da wani m martani daga fuskar sauran son kai jihohi. Alal misali, tambaya "Ina karkashina?" da kuma amsar ne, "Ina da aka jefa, akwai kuma dauki fitar!" - ma'amala ta fuskar manya kuma iyaye. A wannan yanayin, da rikici na iya ci gaba.

Akwai har yanzu boye ma'amala (a kan m da kuma zamantakewa matakan). A wannan yanayin, yana da muhimmanci don nazarin ihisani mutane sadarwa da juna.

Basin sadarwa

Yana da muhimmanci ga sirri ci gaba yabo. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman mutum bukatun. A ka'idar, transactional bincike irin wannan yabo ko kara kuzari da ake kira "stroking". Irin wannan lokacin a cikin tarayya iya kawo wani tabbatacce ko korau connotation. "Stroking" ne cikakkar (kawai ga gaskiya cewa mutum ne) da kuma matukar (ba ga ayyuka). A karshe wadanda ake fentin da alamar motsin rai, "+" ko "-".

A warkewa yi gwani koyar da mutum ya kai wannan ihisani ko ba ka yi haka, musamman a lokacin da su ne korau. M matukar "shanyewar jiki" ba koyaushe dace dauki, kamar yadda wani mutum san ya zama "mai kyau", wato, kokarin faranta kowa da kowa, da nuna bambanci kansu.

Yana da muhimmanci ga koyar da abokin ciniki ta yi watsi da yanayin da ake sa a gaba ga wata tabbatacce tutu, idan ba su dace da ciki matsayi na wani mutum, wanda aka musamman jaddada Bern Erik. Transactional Analysis taimaka abokin ciniki mayar da hankali a kan samar da isassun yanayi na shi, inda ya iya gano wani sabon ƙarfi ga yin yanke shawara da sauransu. A warkewa lamba a psychologist to koyar da wani mutum yarda da kanka, sa'an nan shawara za ku ci nasara.

Gaskiya da kuma m ma'amaloli

Batu na gaba a binciken da ma'amaloli a matsayin Hanyar far ne don nazarin interactions da cewa sanin mutum abin wãsa. Wannan sabon abu ne da ake kira structuring lokaci Eric Berne. Psychoanalysis ne karkata zuwa la'akari da shi kadan a kan sauran gefen: daga matsayin tsaron sunadaran.

Akwai shida hanyoyi na structuring lokaci:

• Kula (manipulative hanya zuwa adam fiddawa).
• game (da jerin boye ma'amaloli, wanda su ma "m" yi amfani da mutane).
• kawance (jima'i interactions).
• rituals (fatauci saboda stereotypes da waje dalilai).
• Entertainment (cimma wasu raga da kanka).
• ayyuka (samun tasirinsa na da kewaye da kuma nasara da su a raga).

A karshe uku da ake kira "gaskiya", saboda shi ba ya yi amfani da wasu. Ilimin a lokacin wani zance taimaka gina m ma'amala ba tare da manipulative hali. Wasanni - ne sakamako a kan mutane da hali. Game da su tattauna a kasa.

Rayuwa tatsuniyoyinsu mutane

Kowane mutum na zaune ga wani ba labari, kamar yadda wani yaro, jãyayya Eric Berne. Psychology rayuwa al'amura na mutane ya dogara da matsayi dauka yaro.

1. A lashe - da mutum wanda ya kai ga manufofin da yaki shafe wasu. A lokacin jiyya da wadannan mutane suna reassessing su halaye da kuma manipulative game, kokarin gina wani m ma'amala tare da shafi cikin wasu.
2. Kadawa - mutane suna kullum fuskantar kasawa, shafe da wasu mutane a matsaloli. Psychotherapy ga irin mutanen da ke da muhimmanci sosai. A lokacin tattaunawar, da kuma bincike na ma'amaloli irin wadannan mutane fahimtar dalilan da su kasawa a cikin rayuwarsa. Abokan ciniki da ake koyar da su amsa kiran da matsala, ba ya unsa su a cikin wasu, da kuma kokarin samun fita daga m matsaloli.
3. "Ba lashe" - m mutum, yin duk aikinsu, yi hankali kada su zuriya da mutane kusa da su. Fahimtar aiwatar da psychotherapy your rayuwa labari, irin wannan mutum daukan yanke wasu shawara dangane da bukatun da kuma raga.

All hanyar al'amura (don ƙarin bayani game da su za a iya karanta a cikin littafin, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Eric Berne, - "Psychology na mutum dangantaka, ko Wasanni Mutane Play"), za mu samu a sakamakon iyayentaka shirye-shirye a farkon yara. Da farko al'amurra su ba verbally, sa'an nan ta hanyar fi'ili saƙonni. Suna gudun hijira a kan rayuwa na tunani, saboda haka mutumin ba zai iya tsammani abin da ake shibtarsu da hali. Saboda haka, matsalolin da suka shafi rayuwa tatsuniyoyinsu ko rikici interactions, yana da muhimmanci tuntubar wani ilimin wanda ya san igiyoyi ka'idar transactional analysis.