Description, da Gwargwadon tsarawa da kuma sauyin yanayi Kerguelen Islands

Mene ne Kerguelen? Island. Kerguelen tarin tsiburai - wani rukuni na 301 tsibiran, da most of wanda aka dauke su Grand-Terre (wanda yake nufin "mai ƙasar"), saboda ya mamaye 92,5% na ƙasa, kashi na 7215 murabba'in mita. km. Wannan shi a duk faɗin duniya da kuma la'akari da Kerguelen. A Gwargwadon tsarawa daga tsibirin Kerguelen: 49 ^na 15`yu.sh. 69 <sup>na</sup> 15`v.d.

Janar bayanin Kerguelen tarin tsiburai

The tarin tsiburai aka located a cikin 2 dubu. Kilomita daga tekun na Antarctica a gefen kudu na tekun Indiya, kuma shi ne wani ɓangare na Kudancin Faransa da Antarctic Biranan. A yammacin ɓangare na tsibirin da ake rufe da kankara hula Cook, rufe 400 murabba'in mita. km. ƙasa. Kerguelen Islands ne sakamakon volcanic aiki, cike da gidajen gona da yawa tafkunan da tabkuna. A aman wuta Mont Ross - tsororuwar Kerguelen, located in kudu maso yammacin shugabanci da kuma ya kai wani tsawo na 1,800 mita saman teku matakin.

Geographically da tarin tsiburai nasa ne da Antarctica, hukumance - a ƙasa na Faransa. Mafi kusa Gudanarwa District kasashen waje sashen located a tsibirin zumunci, wanda yake shi ne game da 6 kwanaki hanyar teku. All ciki al'amura na tsibirin Kerguelen yanke shawarar a majalisa na 13 mutane.

Kerguelen Islands kuma ake kira inconsolable kufai, Loneliness, kayi. Kuma shi ne mai sauki bayyana: wadannan damuwa kufai wurare a duniya an anu-.

A yanayin damina na tsibirin

A yanayi na tsibirin Kerguelen mai tsanani, tare da kullum hurawa sanyi iskõki yamma. Su gudu yana da guguwa karfi da kuma shi ne 150-200 km / h. Coast buffeted da dama a kansu da hadari tãguwar ruwa. A lokacin rani ne m, karfi, biting dai ruwan, in winter shi ne kara wa rigar snow. Ne coldest watan Agusta, da talakawan zafin jiki na -1 ° ^C. The warmest - Fabrairu 9 a wani matsakaita zafin jiki ^na S.

A tarihin Kerguelen tarin tsiburai

Its sunan (a cikin na farko version, shi ya Kergelenova ƙasar) tarin tsiburai samu da sunan Faransa navigator Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen Tremarek wanda ya gano ƙasar a watan Fabrairu 1772. A shekara daga baya, da kasar Faransa ya sanya tsibiran wani sabon balaguro, bayan wanda aka aiko zuwa kurkuku. Dalilin da ƙarshe: Kerguelen bar a kan wani kowa tsibirin ɓangare na da tawagar. Laifi navigator kotun ba zai iya tabbatar da ya zarar saki, kuma ritaya tare da daraja na Rear Admiral.

A 1776, tsibirin Kerguelen James Cook ziyarci - sanannen Explorer. a masa mutunci, aka raɗa masa suna gleiser da yake rufe da dutsen Mont Ross - da girma ganiya na tsibirin.

A Faransa, da aka gano daga cikin Kerguelen bai sa musamman sha'awa. A 1893, Le Havre 'yan'uwa' yan kasuwa Gavery samu sauƙaƙewa ga hali na kasuwanci na tsawon shekaru 50 da kuma mazaunin hakkin. 'Yan kasuwa suka tsunduma a kiwon tumaki, amma wannan ra'ayin bai kawo sa ran sakamakon.

Har farkon karni na 20th Piers Kerguelen - Port Joan na Arc da Port-aux-Français - aka whaling sansanonin da suka m farautar dabbobi ba tare da game da duk wani dokokin. Shafan fitar da kusan dukan maniyyi Whales da like, kitoboyschiki bar wadannan yankuna.

Bugu da ari, a 1928, a kwata Port-aux-Français Faransa gina karamin cannery cewa tafiyar matakai lobsters. Amma wannan kamfani da aka yi watsi saboda wani mãsu mãye brawl ma'aikata, saboda 'yan sanda a cikin tsibiran, dã mun kasance m, mata ne kuma m, ya zo nan.

Kerguelen - da ƙasa na Faransa

A 1939, Faransa ta tabbatar da ikon mallakar daga cikin Kerguelen Islands da kuma aika zuwa ga yankuna jirgin ruwan "Bougainville". Bayan jerin wannan aikin, shi ya bayyana cewa tarin tsiburai ne m cikin sharuddan Geophysical da meteorological lura, saboda ta kasa location. Duk da haka, rungumi wannan ra'ayi da ya hana yakin duniya na II. Saboda haka dace wuri ga sauran kasashe - Jamus. A lokacin 1940-1942. ga tarin tsiburai a matsayin secluded wuri, located a gefen duniya, ya fara zuwa iyo Jamus Cruisers, kuma ku ciyar a nan asirin tarurruka a wanda ya shirya sun sojan ruwa ayyukan.

A shekara ta 1949, Faransa gina tsibirin bincike tashar, wanda aiki a wannan rana. A shekarar 1955, majalisar Faransa Jamhuriyar wata dokar da aka wuce da cewa Kerguelen tarin tsiburai a cikin yawan sauran tsibiran da archipelagos ne 'yan qasar na Faransa ƙasa da ake magana a kai a matsayin Faransa mallaka a cikin Antarctic. A tsibirin da 1970 dake tauraron dan adam tashoshin.

Talakawa rayuwa a tsibirin

Mafi kusa cibiyoyin da wayewa ne a nesa na dubban mil. A cikin Kerguelen Island a tekun Indiya ba su tashi da jiragen sama. Ga rayuwa ne kawai da masana kimiyya, aiki harbors, ma'aikatan da tauraron dan adam tracking tashar, ma'aikata cibiyoyin iyali dalilai. babu m yawan jama'a. A lokacin rani yana da game da mutane 200 a cikin hunturu - a 2 sau karami.

Idan ka dubi rayuwar a tsibirin Kerguelen adam ido daga gefe, zamu iya cewa akwai wata gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Masana kimiyya: geologists, yanayin sararin samaniya, masana kimiyyar, climatologists dukiya - a canjawa yi aikinsu, wanda yana da babban muhimmanci ga dukan 'yan adam. Bayan samun mafi cikakken bayani game da gudana matakai a kan wannan duniya tamu ba a kalla wasu fahimtar su.

Masana kimiyya suna gudanar da zama dole karatu, mamaki ciyar nasu dama lokaci: je gudun kan, bonfires, mai kyau harbi, suka san yadda za a kewaya da ƙasa. Lalle ne, a cikin irin wannan yanayi ya zama a matsayin m. ɓãta, kuma slackness ne kawai m. 'yar alamar mataki daga tashar - da kuma wani mutum iya samun bata da tafi kashe a wani unknown shugabanci. Hanyoyi a kan Kerguelen akwai, amma mutane sun saba da tafiya a kusa da tsibirin da Jeep.

ciyayi Kerguelen

Wannan ke tsiro a kan Kerlegene? Duk da tsibiran da ciyawa, m da kuma high. Har ila yau, lokaci-lokaci samu rarrafe shrubs. Ta wannan hanyar, da shuke-shuke sun saba da tsananin iska. Bishiyoyi a kan Kerguelen babu. A mafi kowa shuka - kabeji daji, rufe da bazara lokaci a ci gaba da kore kafet na manyan sarari. Strong na roba ganye da wannan shuka ne mai arziki a ascorbic acid. Wannan yanayin da aka samu nasarar amfani da jirgin su tsere da scurvy.

dabba duniya

A tsibirin sanaki manyan mazauna na giwa like, penguins, cormorants garken gulls da sauran tsuntsaye daga kudancin latitudes. Tare da bakin tekun na tsibirin da ake samu grenadier da natoteniya da yawa na krill - mafi girma a Antarctica. Da zarar masana kimiyya kaddamar a cikin kõguna kifi da kifi. wadannan kifaye nasarar dauka tushen a nan, kazalika da shigo da a cikin karni na 19th, zomaye da Cats, ya] auki matuƙan jiragen ruwa a kan yãƙi berayen. Wadannan dabbobi yawaita, kuma girma daji a cikin adadin da 15,000th koma kasashen waje. Cats tsira da Mafarautan tsuntsaye da kananan kifi, wani lokacin podvorovyvaya shi daga gaping penguins. zomaye ci kabeji. Daga wani muhalli ra'ayi na Kerguelen an dauke da cikakken tsabta yankin. Janye daga tsibirin ne Church of Our Lady of iskõki - kudancin a duniya cocin Katolika, gina a cikin 50s na 20th karni.

ago tsibirin

Kerguelen Islands na da kudin. Duk da haka, ta nufi shi ne fiye da tsaraba. Domin sayar da ma'amaloli da Yuro da ake amfani a nan. 100-Franc Kerguelen doka hoto immortalized Kerguelen, located a kan baya hoto black cat. feline kuma fuskantar da hoton ne yanzu a kan Reverse gefen 200- da 500-Franc takardar kudi. Hoto na wani cat za a iya bayyana ta da cewa da dabba ne kusan babban mazauni na Kerguelen. A shekarar 2011, domin ya jawo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa da kuma numismatic tarin na tsabar kudi na Kerguelen Islands da aka bayar tare da siffar dabba duniya na tarin tsiburai.