Dzheyms Kuk: a takaice biography da kuma balaguro

Future seafarer Dzheyms Kuk aka haife shi a 1728 a Ingila, ɗan wani tsohon farm laborer. Bayan ya fara karatu, saurayin samu aiki a matsayin wani gida yaro a kan ta farko da jirgin.

Farko a cikin Navy

Ko a farkon matasa Cook yanke shawarar cewa sadaukar da rayuwarsa don teku. A cikin kayayyakin lokaci ya yi karatu Voyages kawance sciences - labarin kasa, ilmin taurari da kuma tarihi na gudanar da bincike a cikin sabon asashe. A 1755, Royal Navy ya dauka wani sabon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Sun kasance Dzheyms Kuk. Taqaitaccen Tarihin mutumin hada da wani aiki daga wani sauki ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa zuwa Bosun ta kawai watan sabis.

A wannan lokaci ya fara shekaru bakwai War da Faransa da kuma ta majiɓinta. Cook halarci fadace-fadace a kan jirgin "Eagle" da kuma kawancen da makiya Coast. A 1758 ya aka aika zuwa North America, inda biyu mai girma sojan ruwa ikon ci gaba da gwagwarmaya domin mazauna da kuma albarkatun. A wannan lokacin, Cook wani mai gida - mate. Shi ne gwani a cartography, izini don gano da tashar da tashar ne da St. Lawrence River. A ta bankuna, wani muhimmin birni na Quebec, cewa Birtaniya so su kama.

Jagora ya samu nasarar sun jimre da aiki, don haka da cewa hari ya faru da kuma shan wani muhimmin sansanin soja. Royal Navy sun m kwararru kamar Dzheyms Kuk, a takaice biography wanda ya karbi sabon zagaye. Bayan ya dawo gida, sai ya fara shirya domin farko duniya yawon shakatawa.

A farko balaguro

A jihar ya kasaftawa Cook kananan jirgin "Endeavor". Yana da gogaggen ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya gano kudancin tekuna don nemo da ba a sani ba nahiyar, wanda wai yana cikin matsananci latitudes. The tawagar ya ma aka lasafta gogaggen kwararru - botanists da kuma ilmin Taurari. Wannan tawagar ya kwatanta Dzheyms Kuk, a takaice dai biography da kuma wanda a yau janyo hankalin masu karatu da dama.

A 1768 ya bar Plymouth harbor zama a Tahiti. Kyaftin bambanta da gaskiya cewa jirgin ya shiga tsananin horo a kan dangantaka da mazauni. A tawagar da aka yi umurni a cikin wani hali ba za a rikici da savages, amma wajen kokarin gina zaman lafiya a tsakaninsu. Wannan shi ne a rashin daidaito da saba yi, da mulkin mallaka, da mazauna yankunan massively yanka ko fada cikin bauta. Wannan shi ne nuna adawa Explorer Dzheyms Kuk. Taqaitaccen Tarihin Captain ba ya dauke da wani shaida cewa ya taba qaddamar da wani rikici da mazauni.

New Zealand da kuma Australia

Bayan Tahiti, bi da New Zealand, wanda scrutinized da Dzheyms Kuk. Taqaitaccen Tarihin Explorer a kowane littafi ya hada da wani cikakken bayanin da ayyuka a matsayin cartographer. Ya aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, kowane Coast, wadda tanã gudãna baya. Ya katin amfani ga wata shẽkara ɗari. A cikin "Endeavor" ya buɗe bay, wanda ya mai suna Sarauniya Charlotte Sound. The sunan kyaftin samu ta matsatsiyar da ya raba biyu tsibirin na New Zealand.

Gabas tekun na Australia inda teams fake jinsunan shuke-shuke. Saboda wannan bay a yankin da ake kira Botanical. Turawa mamakin a gida fauna, ciki har da kangaroos dikovannym. Yuni 11, 1770 a jirgin sha wahala mai tsanani rami a Reef, wanda ƙwarai ragae da balaguro.

Lokacin da yoyon da aka saka, "Endeavor" ya tafi Indonesia. Akwai matuƙan kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro. A yanayin tsafta na nan gudãna, yana zuwa annoba. Duk da haka, Cook, da kaucewa dokokin kiwon lafiya da kuma wani canji a rage cin abinci na iya shawo kan scurvy - da Bane na da yawa matuƙan. Amma da zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma dysentery ya ba tukuna tasiri wajen. Saboda haka, a lokacin da "ungiyar Endeavor" karshe ya juya daga a birnin Cape Town, kawai mutane 12 bar a kan jirgin, ciki har da Cook.

A farko balaguro tabbatar da cewa New Zealand kunshi biyu tsibiran. Manufar (kudancin babban yankin) da kuma aka ba gano. A kan gungumen azaba ne gabas Coast na Australia da aka amfani da su daki-daki.

Na biyu balaguro

A 1772 ya fara wani sabon balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin Dzheyms Kuk. Short biography yara ƙunshi mutane da yawa m tafiya cikakken bayani da cewa jawo hankalin matasa masu karatu. M shi ne bayanin da ban mamaki shuke-shuke da dabbobi na wurare masu zafi da fauna.

Cook ya zama na farko manufa Bulgaria, wanda a baya aka gani daga nesa Norwegian balaguro. Duk da haka, da coveted yanki na ƙasar da kuma aka iske ba, sa'an nan tawagar ya cigaba kudu. A Janairu 1773 "ƙuduri" da "Adventure" karo na farko a cikin tarihin na gudanar da bincike haye Antarctic Circle. Saboda tsananin yanayi biyu jiragen ruwa, ko da a takaice rasa gaban juna.

Bayan wani dogon tafiya isar da gangarawa Tahiti da kuma Hin. Akwai, Birtaniya da fuskantar m hali na da mazauni, da kuma ko cin naman mutane. A nan gaba, Cook gangarawa saboda gabas, bude New Caledonia da kuma Kudancin Jojiya. Duk da haka, ya taba gudanar da isa gaba na Antarctica. Yana nema ya Dzheyms Kuk. Biography, a takaice na wanda daukawa m Kasadar, ya kasance batun da yawa karatu na masana tarihi.

Last balaguro

A 1776 ya fara wani sabon balaguro. Da shi shi ne na karshe yawon shakatawa, wanda aka jagorancin Dzheyms Kuk. Biography, a takaice abin da yake samuwa a duk labarin kasa litattafan, ya hada da wannan ban sha'awa babi. A wannan lokaci da shugaban samu biyu jiragen ruwa - "ƙuduri" da "Discovery".

Disamba 24, 1777 balaguro gano Kirsimeti Island, don haka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga mai zuwa hutu. Ga matuƙan sun iya ganin kallon masassarar rana da tawali'u. Ya m sun san Dzheyms Kuk, wanda hada da wani gajeren biography, da kuma dogon kwana na karatu ilmin taurari.

mutuwa

Tuni a watan Janairu, da Turawa farko ga Hawaiian Islands. Ga suka huta, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga gaba na Alaska da kuma Chukchi Sea. Tare da hanyar da jiragen ruwa suka haye Arctic Circle. A cikin Aleutian Islands Cook ya gana da Rasha da kuma masu bincike industrialists.

Daga cikin na iyakacin duniya tekuna tawagar koma Hawaii. Ta ya sadu da wani taro na Aborigines yawan game da dubu. Tare da yan unguwa kullum akwai rikice-rikice, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka kai hari a Burtaniya. A lokacin daya daga cikin hare-hare na Fabrairu 14, 1779 Dzheyms Kuk aka kashe. Very takaice dai biography na Explorer ya kamata a sani zuwa wani ilimi da Malamai mutum. A kyaftin zama kasa gwarzo a Birtaniya.