Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta: tarihin, fasali da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Sashe na daga cikin jimlar na Slavic mutane, zaunar da su a farkon tsakiyar zamanai, da yankin na gabashin Turai Bayyana, kafa ta a rukuni na Gabas Slavic kabilu (su ne markedly daban-daban daga kudanci da kuma yammacin Slavs). Wannan conglomerate dab da wani yawa na mutane daban-daban.

Ana zargin da Eastern Slavs

Modern ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi yana da dukan zama dole kayan domin haskaka da cikakken bayani game da inda kuma yadda za mu rayu da Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta. Yadda za a samar da farkon na da al'umma? Ko da a cikin Roman sau da talakawan Slavic zaunar for Vistula da kuma na sama Dniestre. Daga nan ya fara mulkin mallaka na gabas - da ƙasa na zamani Rasha da Ukraine.

A V kuma VII cc. Slavs zauna a Dnieper yankin, gefe da gefe da Antes. A Sabunta karni, a sakamakon wani iko sabon hijirarsa kalaman kafa wani al'ada - Romny. Its dako sun Arewa. Wadannan Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta zaunar waha Seym kõguna Desna da Sula. Sauran "dangi" na featured kunkuntar fuskoki. Yan Arewa zauna a copses da kuma filayen, yanke da gandun daji da kuma swamps.

A mulkin mallaka na Volga da Oka

A VI karni, ya fara mulkin mallaka na Gabashi Slavs na nan gaba na Rasha Arewa da kuma tsakanin Volga da Oka. Ga Baƙi fuskanci kungiyoyin biyu makwabta - da Balts da Finno-Ugric. A farko zuwa arewa maso gabashin koma krivichi. Suka zauna a Upper Volga. Arewa sun cika Ilmen Slovenes, suka zauna a cikin yankin na White Lake. Ga su ci karo da Pomorie. Har ila yau ilmentsy zaunar Pool Mologa da Volga Yaroslavl. Tare da kabilan gauraye da ayyukan hajji.

Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta shared da zamani Moscow da Ryazan yankin. Akwai mulkin mallaka vyatichi, to wani karami har - da 'yan Arewa da kuma radzimichy. Sun bayar da gudunmawar da kuma Don Slavs. Vyatichi kai Prony kogin da ya daidaita a kan bankunan na Moscow River. A halayyar alama na wadannan mulkin mallaka sun haikali zobba. A cewar shi, archaeologists sun gano da kuma sake ma su matsugunni Vyatichi yankin. Arewa maso gabashin Rasha janyo hankalin yan gudun hijirar barga m tushe da kuma albarkatun da furs, ya riga ya gaza a cikin wasu sassa na Slavic shiri. Unguwa - Immer. (Finno-Ugric) - kasance kaɗan, kuma nan da nan ya bace a cikin Slavs ko aka fitar da su m arewa.

Eastern makwabta

Populating da babba ya kai na Volga, da Slavs zama da makwabta na Volga Bulgarians. Suka zauna a kan ƙasa na zamani Tatarstan. Larabawa dauke su mafi northerly mutane na duniya, gudanar da aiki Musulunci. A babban birnin kasar na mulkin da Volga Bulgars ita ce birnin Babban Bulgaria. Ya Fort ne har yanzu a tsaye. Soja arangama tsakanin Volga Bulgarians da kuma gabashin Slavs fara a cikin tsawon wata guda, Karkasa Rasha, inda ta kamfanin ya daina zama tsananin tribal. Rikice-rikice alternated da lokaci na zaman lafiya. A wannan lokaci, garabasa cinikayya tare da babban kogin ya kawo gagarumin samun kudin shiga ga bangarorin biyu.

Sake ma su matsugunni da Eastern Slavic kabilu a kan ta gabashin kan iyakar ma binne shi a ƙasa sanaki da Khazars. Wadannan mutane, kamar Volga Bulgarians ya Turkic. A lokaci guda, da Khazars, sun kasance Yahũdãwa, da cewa shi ne quite sabon abu ga zamani Turai. Su sarrafawa gagarumin ƙasa daga Don zuwa Caspian Sea. A zuciya na cikin Khazar Khanate ya a cikin ƙananan kai na da Volga, inda kusa zamani Astrakhan akwai Khazar babban birnin kasar na Itil.

yammacin makwabta

A yammacin iyakar tsayarwa na Eastern Slavs dauke Volyn. Daga can zuwa Dnieper rayu Duleby - wani ƙawance da dama kabilu. Archeologists zaton shi zuwa Prague-korchak al'adu. A alliance hada Volhynians, drevlyans, Dregovichi da kuma share. A VII karni, suka tsira da Avar mamayewa.

Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta a cikin yankin rayu a cikin steppe zone. West fara da yankin yammacin Slavs, da farko na dukkan Dogayen sanda. Hulda da su rincabewa bayan halittar Rasha da Vladimir Svyatoslavich tallafi na Orthodoxy. Sandunan da aka yi masa baftisma a cikin Katolika yanka. Tsakanin su, kuma da m Slavs wani gwagwarmaya ba kawai ga Volyn, amma kuma Galicia.

A gwagwarmayar da Pechenegs

Eastern Slavs a cikin lokaci na arna kabilu sun ba su iya kafa mulkin mallaka da tekun Black Sea yankin. Ga ƙare da ake kira "Great Steppe" - steppe zone, dake a cikin zuciya na Eurasia. Black Sea yankin janyo hankalin wani iri-iri na makiyaya. A cikin IX karni akwai zaunar Pechenegs. Wadannan hordes na rayuwa tsakanin Rasha, Bulgaria, Hungary da kuma Alan.

Kunshe a cikin Black Sea, suka hallakar da matakan Pechenegs zaunar da al'adu. Bace Transnistrian Slavic (Tivertsy) da kuma Don Alani. A X karni fara yawa Rasha-Pecheneg yaki. Ba mu iya samun tare da juna Eastern Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta. AMFANI Bajanaks biya mai yawa da hankali, wanda yake shi ne ba abin mamaki ba. Wadannan ferocious makiyaya zauna kawai saboda looting da aka musguna wa mutane na Kiev da Pereyaslavets. A XI karni a su wuri zo da wani ko da more karaya maƙiyi - Polovtsy.

Slavs a cikin Don

Slavs fara massively ci gaba Average Don yankin a nuna na Sabunta - IX ƙarni. A wannan lokaci akwai bayyana Monuments Borshevsky al'adu. Its mafi muhimmanci halayen (tukwane, zumunci, ku bauta wa burbushi) ya nuna cewa Don mulkin mallaka suka zo daga kudu-maso-yammacin Turai. Don Slavs sun ba 'yan Arewa ko vyatichi, masu bincike zaci har kwanan nan. A cikin IX karni a sakamakon da infiltration na yawan ya yaɗu a cikinsu, wani binne yanka binne, wanda ya m vyatichskomu.

A X karni Rasha Slavs da maƙwabtansu waɗanda suke a yankin tsira da predatory hare-hare Pechenegs. Mutane da yawa bar da kuma koma zuwa Don yankin Pooche. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa za mu iya ce cewa Ryazan ƙasar lugar a garesu - daga kudancin matakan da daga yamma. Komawar Slavs a cikin Don tasa ne kawai a cikin XII karni. A wannan yankin, a kudu da sabon mulkin mallaka sanya shi ga pool Bityug kogin da kuma gaba daya ƙware pool Voronezh River.

Next zuwa Balts da Finno-Ugric

Slavic kabilan Radimichi Vyatichi da gefe da gefe da Balts - mazaunan ba-rana Lithuania, Latvia da kuma Estonia. Su al'adu sun samu wasu na kowa siffofin. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Eastern Slavic kabilu da maƙwabtansu, a takaice, ba wai kawai sayar, amma kuma ya rinjayi da ethnogenesis juna. Alal misali, a cikin ƙauyuka na Vyatichi archaeologists sun samu m ga sauran related kabilan wuyansa hryvnia.

A irin Slavic al'ada ta ci gaba a kusa da Balts da Finno-Ugric mutane a yankin na Lake Pskov. Akwai dogon shaft-kamar mounds, wanda ya maye gurbin binne filaye. Irin wannan gina kawai gida Gabas Slavic kabilu da kuma makwabta. A tarihin ci gaban jana'izar ayyukan hajji sa kwararru zuwa sosai samun su san baya ga al'ummai. Pskov kakanninsa gina ƙasa Log gine-gine da stoves ko Adobe dafuwa (saba wa al'ada na kudancin rabin-dugouts). Sun kuma tsunduma a maƙalutu-da-kuna aikin noma. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Pskov dogon barrows watsu Podvinye Polotsk da Smolensk Dnieper. Wadannan yankuna rinjayar da Balts ne musamman karfi.

Rinjayar da makwabta a kan addini da kuma mythology

Kamar sauran mutanen Gabashin Turai, Eastern Slavs rayu bisa ga patriarchal kabila tsarin. Saboda wannan, su zo da kuma goyon bayan iyali sadaukarwa da kuma sadaukarwa na jana'izar. A Slavs sun Majusawa. A mafi muhimmanci gumakan su pantheon dauke Perun, Mokosh da Veles. A Slavic mythology rinjayi Celts da Iran (Sarmatians, Scythians da Alans). Wadannan daidaici da aka nuna a hotunan na alloli. Saboda haka, Dazhbog kama da Celtic bautãwa Dagda da Mokosh kama Maha.

Muna da yawa a cikin na kowa arna Slavs da kuma makwabta a cikin imani. Tarihi na Baltic mythology ya bar sunayen alloli Perkunas (Perun) da kuma Velnyasa (Velez). A motif na duniya itace da kuma gaban Dragon (Snake Gorynycha) ya zo da Slavic mythology da Norse. Bayan al'umma guda ya kasu kashi da dama kabilu, imani fara saya yankin da bambance-bambance. Alal misali, mazauna Oka da Volga fuskanci musamman rinjayar da mythology na Finno-Ugric al'ummai.

Bauta a gabashin Slavs

Bisa ga hukuma version, a gabashin Slavs, bautar ya na kowa farkon tsakiyar zamanai. A fursunoni da aka dauka, kamar yadda ya saba, a cikin yakin. Alal misali, Larabci marubuta na lokaci jãyayya da cewa Eastern Slavs dauki yawa bayi a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da Hungarians (Magyars kuma, bi da bi, da aka dauka a matsayin bawa kama da Slavs). Wannan al'umma kasance a cikin wani na musamman matsayi. Hungarian da haihuwa - da Finno-Ugric al'ummai. Sun yi hijira zuwa yamma da kuma shagaltar da yankin tsakiyar kai na Danube. Saboda haka, Hungarians ne daidai tsakanin kudanci, gabashi da yammaci Slavs. A wannan dangane akwai wani yau da kullum da yaki.

Slavs iya sayar da bayi a Rum, Bulgaria ko Volga Khazaria. Ko da yake mafi yawansu ba su kunshi masu kama a yaƙe-yaƙe na baki, a cikin Sabunta karni akwai bayi tsakanin nasu dangi. Slav iya samun cikin bauta saboda aikata laifi, ko take hakkin halayyarsu.

Magoya bayan daban-daban versions kare ra'ayinsa, bisa ga abin a Rasha bauta kamar yadda irin wannan bai wanzu ba. A akasin wannan, a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe bayi nemi domin a nan kowa da kowa aka dauke free, domin Slavic kafirci ne ba su tsarkake kansu unfreedom (kangin bauta) da kuma zamantakewa rashin daidaito.

Vikings da Novgorod

A samfur na Old Rasha jihar samo asali a Novgorod. Yana da aka kafa Ilmen Slovenes. Har IX karni, su labarin da aka sani quite sketchy da mugunta. Kusa da su ya rayu Vikings, wanda a Yammacin tarihin kira Vikings.

Scandinavian lokaci zuwa lokaci nasara sarakunan Ilmen Slovenes da kuma tilasta su su biya haraji. Novgorod mazauna sun nemi a kare 'yan kasashen waje daga sauran makwabta, abin da ya sunan su kwamandoji sarauta a gida. Saboda haka bankunan na Volkhov zo Rurik. Zai gaje Oleg nasara Kiev da kuma aza harsashin ginin Tsohon Rasha jihar.