Ebola virus: hanyar canja wuri. Ebola: babban bayyanar cututtuka

Bisa dukan lokaci ta zama ba, bil'adama shi ne ba kawai a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. M kiwon lafiya Homo sapiens aka kai a kai da fallasa su daban-daban abubuwan da za su iya goge adam daga fuskar duniya sau daya kuma ga dukan.

Ta hanyar ƙaya - ga juyin halitta na

A m annoba, black smallpox virus mutum kamuwa da cuta (AIDS), cutar kwalara da sauran tsautsayi damƙar mowed saukar da mutane da ƙarni. Bugu da kari, da bala'o'i, kamar tsunamis, da raurawar asa, da volcanic eruptions, aniya kokarin, idan ba su hallaka, ko a kalla rage yawan mutane. Amma duk da haka bil'adama yake sannu-sannu teetered a kan gãɓar rãmi na rayuwa da mutuwa, ya samu nasarar shawo kan duk cikas tsaye a hanya da ta ci gaba.

Tiny adam ƙauyuka hankali ci gaba a cikin wani birni, sarari shuttles tashi a sarari, da Amirkawa zauna na wani lokaci a kan wata, da kuma masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira wata babbar lamba na kwayoyi daga kusan dukkanin cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari, musamman wuri a cikin magani zauna alluran m sake antibodies a cikin mutane to cututtuka kamar kyanda, toxoplasmosis, rubella, mura, da sauransu.

Tsayin Test

Zai ze cewa mutane sun samo da key zuwa kiwon lafiya da kuma kayar da insidious cutar. Amma akwai shi! Wani sabon hatsarin mutuwa, sunansa - Ebola. Mẽne ne: wani mutated cutar, da ci gaban sabon nazarin halittu makamai, wani kutsawa daga m sarari? Ko watakila shi ke Mother Nature daukan fansa a kan bil'adama don yanke gandun daji, najasa iska da kuma damƙar zasu kare dabbobi?

Wannan talifin zai gaya maka duk abin da muka sani game da cutar cutar: watsa hanya, cututtuka, Hakika na cuta, alurar riga kafi da kuma maganin zabin.

A sabon hadari

A karo na farko da cutar, "lit sama" a cikin 1976, a Afrika. Ebola - wani mummunan zazzabi, da mafi m cutar, da wanda bãbu abin dogara maganin ko warkar da magunguna. A cikin hali na cuta yiwuwar mutuwa na 25 zuwa 75 bisa dari, kuma da kasancewar kwayar cutar Ebola a jikin watsa kamuwa da cuta auku wajen sauri.
Su sabon-samu kai hare hare a lokacin ta farko da bayyanar unosla rai na 128 mutane a kawai 'yan makonni. Annobar kuwa ta tsaya ta wajen wani mai tsanani rigakafi.
Tun daga nan, da cutar lokaci zuwa lokaci bayyana, amma da cutar foci sauri docked riga tabbatar Hanyar m kadaici da marasa lafiya, kawar da duk wani Hanyar watsa daga cutar.

mutuwa barazana

The most a tarihin 'yan adam epidimii barkewar cutar Ebola barke a kaka na shekarar 2014 a uku kwaminonin a Afirka: Liberia, Guinea da kuma Sierra Leone. A kawai hudu watanni da cutar ta kashe mutane 5,000, game da wannan lambar da aka cutar, amma ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsira.

Masana kimiyya a duniya suna karatu duk kusassari, da kisa cutar, amma don tabbatar tukuna aka sani kawai wani Hanyar watsa Ebola. Kuma wannan shi ne quite wani muhimmin samu, ta hanyar abin da za ka iya, idan ba ka warke daga zazzabi, sa'an nan a kalla rage zuwa m ta "tafiya" a fadin duniya. Bayan duk, mafi munin abu a cikin cutar Ebola - watsa da kuma rarraba da na halitta kamuwa da cuta. Rigakafi - kadai daidai mataki na hana waste daga kamuwa da cuta. Yana da wani gwargwado ga dakatar da wannan mummunan cuta kamar Ebola. Halaye na watsa za a iya hana kawai idan tushen kamuwa da cuta da aka ware.

All laifi da linzamin kwamfuta

Transmission daga cutar Ebola Yana auku a kan lamba tare da mucous membrane ko jiki ruwaye na wani kamuwa da mutum ko dabba. Pervonositelyami wannan cutar ne jemagu, 'ya'yan jemagu da kuma sauran dabbobi (misali, birai da porcupines) suna kamuwa da lamba tare da su yau da kuma tumbi.

kutsawa

Ebola watsa inji daga dabbobi da mutane jawo by kai tsaye lamba tare da kayayyakin da mutum excretory tsarin (jini, gamsai, Lymph da fitsari) kamuwa dabba. Haka kuma, wannan ya shafi ba kawai da mai rai fauna, amma kuma wadanda suka mutu daga cutar (baza hanyoyi suna da ceto, kuma bayan mutuwar dabba, ko da a cikin taron cewa ya fara aiwatar da bazuwar).

A cutar shi ne sauƙin shiga cikin jikin mutum, cutar tasowa 14 zuwa kwanaki 21, dangane da immunocompromised.
Wata hanyar aika Ebola - cin nama kamu dabba, musamman idan nama raw.

Features cutar

A cikin binciken da cutar a karkashin mikrosokpom ya bayyana cewa ya kama mai tsawo, m filaments wanda aka fara rubuta kofen ninka juna, sa'an nan yadda za a haɗa duk muhimmanci gabobin na kamuwa. Sa'an nan ya zo muku mataki na gaba, wanda aka yin cutar ta Ebola. Hanyoyi na watsa - jini da kuma lymphatic tsarin. Dalneshem ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta yakan faru a cikin Kwayoyin cewa samar da sunadaran. Virus occupant farawa, don samar da kwayar sunadarai, da kuma wadannan bi da bi harba Sauran cell. Saboda haka, yawan kamuwa da Kwayoyin a girma dabam dabam.

sarkar dauki

Zai ze - Afrika ne da nisa. Me ne World Health Organization sauti ƙararrawa? Abin da yake haka m ga dukan duniya Ebola? Transmission kamuwa da cuta za a iya cika da mutum daya zuwa wani, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin wannan hanya ta iya yada a fadin duniya. A cikin rashi na tasiri alluran da tasiri magani watsa cutar Ebola sarkar "kamuwa da dabbobi, mutum-mutumin" haddabar duniya nazarin halittu da bala'i, har da cikakken bacewar mutãne!

World Health Organization masana ba m kintace game da yiwu annoba, da ba da cewa, kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda m Ebola. Halaye na watsa ne don haka m kuma bambancin cewa, bisa ga statistics, daya lafiya mutum zai iya harba biyu lafiya.

The ruwa drop - mutuwa

Abin farin, da kamuwa da cuta ba ta kwayar Airborne droplets, amma shi ba detract daga hatsari. A hanya domin yada daga Ebola kamuwa da mutum zuwa wani lafiya ya auku saboda shiryar da kusa lamba tare da kamuwa da nazarin halittu ruwaye. A drop of jini, fitsari, Lymph, nono da madara da kuma maniyyi haƙuri rai mutuwa.

Amma wannan ba duk da cewa iya cutar Ebola: watsa hanyoyin da ake ba iyakance zuwa sama lamba secretions na jikin mutum. An wuce ta hanyar gumi, mucous, yau, kuma asirin da jima'i gabobin. Tare da wannan duka yiwuwar yin kwangila wannan kamuwa da cuta razana kowa waɗanda suka taɓa abubuwan da wanda ya tuntube da marasa lafiya tare da zazzabi.

Yana da musamman m da kuma gaskiya cewa mutum ya zauna a peddler kamuwa da cuta dai ta jiki ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa maniyyi na maza ya ci gaba da dauke da kwayar cutar ko 50 days bayan dawo da, don haka don kauce wa kamuwa da cuta da lafiya mutum cutar Ebola, wanda watsa za a iya gane ta hanyar jima'i yi, likitoci karfi bayar da shawarar gano Barin daga duk wani jima'i da dangantaka watanni da dama.

A gabbai na kai-tsare

Don kauce wa kamuwa da cuta, kazalika da ba su kama da cutar Ebola, hanyoyi na watsa kamata a kiyaye zuwa m: shi ba da shawarar zuwa mutane ziyartar kasar da cibiyoyin da ke da cutar ne. Bugu da kari ga wannan a wani hanya a lamba tare da mutanen-dako na kamuwa da cuta.
Ebola, wanda canja wuri ne sanya a kusan kowace hanya, sai ta Airborne droplets, shi ne hatsari ga mazauna kowace ƙasa.

cutar

Special insidiousness na wannan cutar shi ne cewa cutar ba za a iya lasafta nan da nan, kamar yadda bayyanar cututtuka su ne sosai kama da farko na m na numfashi cuta, ko SARS. Ta yaya za duk ya faru?

1. A can farko da cutar zazzaɓi, da ciwon kai, wani mutum ji unwell, tsoka rauni da zafi a cikin makwarwa. Duk wannan ya dubi kamar classic ciwon makogwaro ko mura.
2. A hankali, cutar progresses, zai fara tashin zuciya da kuma amai da gudawa, fata an rufe tare da wani kurji, hanta da kuma kodan ba zai iya jimre ta ayyuka, da cutar a hankali "yana kashe" na rigakafi da tsarin na jiki, ta haka ne ba a ba shi damar zuwa yaqi tare da wani yankunan da kamuwa da cuta.
3. A apotheosis da cutar abubuwa hemorrhagic ciwo: wani haƙuri jinni lebe, gumis, idanu, fata, kunnuwa. Bugu da kari, da zub da jini tasowa a cikin kayan ciki.
4. Mutuwa ya auku a cikin 8-14 kwanaki bayan farko na cutar. Dalilin mutuwa - wani irreparable dehydration da gaggãwa Yunƙurin a jini.

A gwajin na rayuwa

Idan ka zargin wata cuta daga Ebola, wanda watsa hanyoyi da fadi da kewayon ayyuka, shi ne karfi da shawarar zuwa ganin likita wanda ake bukata rike jerin gwaje-gwaje da shanyewa ko tabbatar da kasancewar kamuwa da cuta a cikin jiki.

Don kwanan wata, mafi dogara hanyar gano cutar Ebola - wani gwajin na da polymerase sarkar dauki, a cikin abin da masana lissafi da cutar genome. Da taimakon wannan gwajin zai iya gano cutar a wani wuri mataki da kuma kokarin dakatar da ci gaba.

Umurnai na likita ma'aikatan

Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, ya kamata a tuna da game da m handling na samfurori da jiki ruwaye dauka daga marasa lafiya da ake zargin cutar Ebola: watsa hanyoyin, a tare da "m samfurori - unprotected paramedic" kamar yadda m kamar yadda kai tsaye lamba tare da haƙuri. An misali ne da cewa a lokacin da rubuce-rubuce a Afirka mutu 10 likitoci.

Likita ma'aikatan da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye irin wannan sauna kamar:

• wanka da kuma wanke hannuwa disinfectant.
• antiviral saka likita masks da kuma musamman m tufafi.
• da yin amfani da sirri m kayan aiki.

Jiyya zuwa "watakila"

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a tabbace magani da kuma mai lasisi maganin yaki da cutar Ebola hemorrhagic zazzabi kamar yadda na Disamba 2014 ba ya wanzu. Duk da haka, mafi kwanan nan, a Amurka a ranar 20 ga mutum agaji aka gwada novoizobretonnaya maganin, wanda aikin shi ne wajen samar da antibodies m pritivostoyat cutar.

Ainihin magani kunshi taimaka far:

• igiyar jini electrolyte bayani a hana dehydration.
• Disinfection na jiki;
• numfashi goyon baya da kuma inji iska.

Godiya ga dauke da fitar da wadannan jan iya rage mace-mace overall da 10%, amma ya warkar da dukan marasa lafiya da ba zai yiwu.

tushe fargabar

A duniyar tamu ta yawan ne sosai damuwa game da yiwuwar cutar annobar cutar a duk sasanninta na duniya.
Bugu da kari, mutane da yawa sun ji tsoro cewa, kamar wata cutar, Ebola iya bullo a cikin wani mafi hatsari form, sakamakon fara daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar Airborne droplets. Masana kimiyya sun ce akwai wani abubuwan da ake bukata don tabbatar da cewa kwayar cutar ba zato ba tsammani ya fara motsawa ta cikin iska.

Zuba jari a nan gaba na 'yan adam

Ga ci gaban da alluran da kwayoyi da sabon wa'adi kasaftawa makudan kudi. A musamman Amurka a] en da wani $ 1,000,000, da kuma janyo hankalin kusan 3,000 mafi kyau, masana kimiyya da sabuwar dabara to rabu da hatsarin rataye a kan mutãne. Bugu da kari, kasashe da dama a kowane yiwu hanya don taimaka Afirka yaki da cutar ta Ebola. Masana sun yi imani da cewa idan a lokacin shekara Ebola ba za a hõre, shi a hankali yadu ko'ina.

Cokali na zuma a ganga na Ebola

Duk da gagarumin hadarin cutar Ebola, akwai wasu abubuwa da za su iya yin bayanin kula da hutawa. Sun kammala da cewa:

• cutar ba haka sauki don motsawa daga daya zuwa wani mai rai da jiki, duk da haka, duk da manyan yawan watsa hanyoyin, gudun yada cutar ne sosai low.
• cututtuka kamar mura, kyanda da kuma AIDS, yada sauri fiye da Ebola - da kuma mutane har yanzu zauna cikin ƙasa,
• a m kasashen karba kamuwa da cuta Hazard an rage wa kusan sifili.
• Yau jimlar yawan lokuta ne sosai kananan - kawai 5,000 mutane (af, daga banal mura mutuwa a kowace shekara rabin mutane miliyan a duniya).
• a gaskiya, Adam ya riga ya fuskanci irin wannan cuta da kuma nasarar lashe: a 2008 a Turai "baƙi" Marburg cutar - kusan tagwayen wa na Ebola a cikin hanyoyin da rarraba da kuma cututtuka.
• kusan duk fiye ko žasa da gagarumin filayen jiragen sama suna sanye take da tsafta da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, wanda saka idanu da sabon masu zuwa na fasinjoji.

Don takaice, za mu iya amince yarda cewa Ebola watsa daga cikin cutar da kuma sakamakon - yana da ban tsoro, amma kawai idan ba su kiyaye na farko tsafta norms. A m kasashen da wani babban matakin na kula m fashewa da cutar ne kusan sifili.
Bugu da kari, ga wasu zai kasance wani maganin da za su kare mutane daga sabon barazana.
Bugu da kari, masu binciken kiwon lafiya taku gaba a leaps da haddi - da kuma quite yiwuwa kamar wata shekarun da suka gabata duniya ba za ta zama guda rashin lafiya mutum, kuma da cutar cutar zai nutse a cikin abu wulakantacce.