Electric dissociation: da msar tambayar tushe na electrochemistry

Electric dissociation taka wata babbar rawar a rayuwar mu, dã mun yawanci ba su yi tunani game da shi. Wannan wannan sabon abu ne da alaka da watsin salts, acid da kuma sansanonin sojin a cikin ruwa matsakaici. Tun da farko zuciya rhythms lalacewa ta hanyar wani "live" tare da wutar lantarki a cikin jikin mutum, tamanin cikin dari na wanda kunshi ruwa, to motoci, wayoyin hannu da kuma 'yan wasa, sauya batura da suke inherently electrochemical batura, - ko'ina kewaye da mu invisibly ba da wutar lantarki dissociation.

A giant exhaling noxious danshin vats zubi a high yanayin zafi, haƙar electrolysis Hanyar samar da wani "winged" ƙarfe - aluminum. Dukkanin abubuwan dake kewaye da mu, daga Chrome-plated gidan ruwa ta rufe up 'yan kunne a cikin kunnuwa taba fuskantar da mafita, ko ya ƙera salts, ya kuma inganta sabon abu. Ba a banza lantarki dissociation karatu dukan reshe na kimiyya - electrochemistry.

Bayan rushe sauran ƙarfi ruwa-kwayoyin zo a cikin sinadaran bond tare da kwayoyin da solute, forming solvates. The ruwa-ruwa bayani ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa dissociation na gishiri, acid da kuma sansanonin sojin. A sakamakon wannan tsari da solute kwayoyin iya dissociate cikin ions. Alal misali, wani mai ruwa-ruwa da sauran ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ions na Na ⁺ kuma CI ^-, abin da suke a ionic Naci crystal Saide da sauran ƙarfi a matsakaici riga a sabon matsayin solvated (hydrated) barbashi.

Wannan sabon abu wakiltar cikin rayuwa mai aiwatar da cikakken ko m auka na narkar abu a cikin ions a sakamakon daukan hotuna da sauran ƙarfi, kuma aka kira "lantarki dissociation." Wannan tsari ne mai muhimmanci sosai ga electrochemistry. Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne gaskiya cewa dissociation daga cikin hadaddun multicomponent tsarin ne halin da ya faru na wani mataki. Lokacin da wannan sabon abu ne ma ya lura da wani kaifi karuwa a yawan ions a cikin bayani, wanda shi ne rarrabe daga electroless electrolytic abu.

A lokacin electrolysis ions da hujjõji shugabanci na motsi: barbashi tare da wani m cajin (cations) - ga barnatar da cajin lantarki, da ake kira cathode da kyau ions (anions) - ga anode lantarki na daura cajin, inda suke fuskantarsu. Cations an rage da kuma oxidized anions. Saboda haka, dissociation ne reversible.

Daya daga cikin muhimman hakkokin halaye na wannan electrochemical tsari ne da mataki na electrolytic dissociation, wanda aka bayyana da rabo daga cikin hydrated barbashi don jimlar yawan kwayoyin a narkar abu. A mafi girma da ci, da more wannan shi ne mai ƙarfi electrolyte abu. A wannan hasashe, duk abubuwa kasu kashi rauni, matsakaici ƙarfi da karfi Wutan.

A mataki na dissociation dogara a kan wadannan dalilai: a) da yanayin da solute. b) da yanayin da sauran ƙarfi, ta dielectric akai da kuma polarity. c) natsuwa daga cikin bayani (ƙananan da ci, da girma da mataki na dissociation). g) zafin jiki na rushe matsakaici. Alal misali, dissociation na acetic acid za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan dabara:

CH ₃ COOH ⁺ H + CH ₃ COO ^-

Strong Wutan suna barranta kusan mafita domin su ruwa-ruwa bayani ba ya zama unhydrated fara kwayoyin da ions. Ya kamata kuma a kara da cewa dissociation aiwatar rinjayar duk abubuwa da ciwon wani ionic da covalent iyakacin duniya irin sinadaran da shaidu. A ka'idar electrolytic dissociation tsara sanannen Swedish sunadarai da kuma likita Svante Arrhenius a 1887.