Human numfashi gabobin. Tsari da kuma aiki na numfashi tsarin

Abin da za a iya kira da babban nuna alama daga cikin lamarinsa na mutane? Hakika, shi ne mai iska. A mutum na iya yi ba tare da abinci da kuma ruwa ga wasu lokaci. Ba tare da iska da m aiki ne ba zai yiwu a duk.

Overview

Abin da aka numfashi? Shi ne da mahada tsakanin yanayi da kuma mutane. Idan iska ci ga wani dalili ne da wuya, da zuciya da kuma numfashi gabobin mutum suna fara aiki a gaggawa yanayin. Wannan shi ne saboda da bukatar samar da isasshen oxygen. Gabobin na numfashi tsarin ne iya daidaita da muhalli canzawa.

ban sha'awa facts

Masana kimiyya sun iya kafa da cewa iska shigar da mutum numfashi tsarin, Forms biyu kwarara (dakatar). Daya daga cikin su ke shiga cikin gefen hagu na hanci. Numfashi Bincike ya nuna cewa a karo na biyu izinin a gefen dama. Masana sun kuma nuna cewa kwakwalwa arteries aka raba biyu qarqashinsu samun iska. Saboda haka, da numfashi tsari ya zama daidai. Yana da muhimmanci sosai ga tabbatar da wata al'ada rayuwa na mutane. Ka yi la'akari da tsarin da dan Adam na numfashi.

muhimmanci fasali

Lokacin da mutane magana game da numfashi, shi ne mai sa na matakai da nufin tabbatar da ganin ci gaba da samar da oxygen zuwa tsokoki da kuma gabobin. Lokacin da wannan jiki an cire daga abubuwa wanda aka kafa a lokacin carbon dioxide musayar. Numfashi ne mai matukar hadaddun tsari. Sai ya bi ta dama, saukarwa. iska mashiga ruwa da kanti a cikin jiki wadannan mataki:

1. Iska. Muna magana ne game gas musayar tsakanin na yanayi iska da kuma Alveoli. Wannan lokaci ne dauke da waje numfashi.
2. Exchange na gas, za'ayi a cikin huhu. Yana faruwa a tsakanin jini da kuma alveolar iska.
3. Biyu matakai: bayarwa na oxygen daga cikin huhu zuwa kyallen takarda, kazalika da kai na carbon dioxide daga karshen ga tsohon. Muna magana ne game da motsi na gas via cikin jini.
4. A na gaba mataki na gas musayar. Ya unshi nama Kwayoyin da jini capillaries.
5. A karshe, ciki numfashi. Wannan yana nufin da nazarin halittu hadawan abu da iskar shaka, wanda ya auku a cikin mitochondria na sel.

babban ayyuka

Human numfashi samar domin kau da carbon dioxide daga jini. Su aiki ne ma ta oxygenation. Idan jerin siffofi miciwa, wannan - mafi muhimmanci.

ZABI aiki

Akwai sauran mutum na numfashi aiki, daga gare su, za a iya gano kamar haka:

1. Shan kashi a thermoregulation tafiyar matakai. Gaskiyar cewa inhaled iska zazzabi rinjayar da guda siga na jikin mutum. A lokacin exhalation, jiki hasarar zafi da waje muhalli. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne sanyaya, idan zai yiwu.
2. Shan part a cikin secretory tafiyar matakai. A lokacin karewa, tare da iska daga cikin jiki (sai dai carbon dioxide) an cire ruwa tururi. Ta kuma shafi wasu sauran abubuwa. Alal misali, ethyl barasa yayin m.
3. Shan kashi a rigakafi halayen. Godiya ga wannan alama, da mutum na numfashi gabobin zama zai yiwu zubar da wasu pathologically m abubuwa. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da pathogenic ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta da kuma wasu kwayoyin. Wannan ikon da aka bai wa wasu huhu Kwayoyin. A wannan connection, su za a iya dangana ga abubuwa na rigakafi da tsarin.

takamaiman ayyuka

Akwai aka sosai tsallaka mayar da hankali aiki na numfashi tsarin. A musamman, takamaiman ayyuka ake yi bronchi, trachea, maƙogwaro, nasopharynx. Daga cikin wadannan compartmentalized ayyuka ne da wadannan:

1. Sanyaya, suna jin wutar da shigowa iska. Wannan aiki da aka yi daidai da yanayi zazzabi.
2. Humidification (inhaled) wanda ya hana bushewa fita daga cikin huhu.
3. Tsarkakewa daga cikin mashiga iska. A musamman, wannan yana zartuwa ga kasashen waje al'amarin. Alal misali, mai shigowa kura daga cikin iska.

A tsarin da mutum numfashi gabobin

Duk abubuwa suna da alaka da musamman tashoshi. A cewar shi za a kuma fitar da iska. Har ila yau a cikin wannan tsarin sun hada da huhu - gabobin, inda gas musayar faruwa. Naúrar na hadaddun da kuma yadda yake aiki ne quite hadaddun. Ka yi la'akari da mutum numfashi tsarin (hotuna nuna a kasa) a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Bayani game da hanci rami

Numfashi fili ta fara da shi. A hanci kogo ne rabu da bakinka. Front - wannan ne m palate da baya - taushi. A hanci kogo yana da wani guringuntsi da kashi kwarangwal. An raba hagu da dama bangarorin godiya ga wani m bango. Har ila yau, akwai uku turbinate. Godiya a gare su, da rami ne zuwa kashi sassa:

1. Lower.
2. Average.
3. Upper.

A cewar shi ya wuce exhaled da inhaled iska.

Features mucous

Ta na da kewayon na'urorin da aka tsara domin lura da inhaled iska. Da farko, da ya rufe a ciliated epithelium. Ya cilia samar da wata m kafet. Saboda flicker cilia, ƙura an cire quite sauƙi daga hanci kogo. Gashin da suke a cikin matsanancin gefuna da ramukan, kuma taimakawa wajen kama waje abubuwa. A mucous membrane ƙunshi musamman gland. Asĩrinsu ƙunsa da kura da kuma facilitates ta kawar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, humidification faruwa.

Gamsai cewa an located in hanci kogo, yana da bactericidal Properties. Ya ƙunshi lysozyme. Wannan abu taimaka wajen rage ikon da kwayoyin haifa. Yana kuma ya kashe su. A mucosa ne a jam'i na jijiyoyinmu. A karkashin yanayi daban-daban, da suka iya kumbura. Idan suna lalace, sa'an nan kuma fara nosebleeds. Dalilin wadannan abokai ne dumama iska wucewa ta cikin hanci na jet. Farin jini Kwayoyin barin jini da kuma bayyana a kan mucosal surface. Sun kuma yi wani m aiki. A kan aiwatar da phagocytosis na leukocytes aka kashe. Saboda haka, a cikin gamsai wanda aka saki daga hanci, ya ƙunshi mai yawa matattu "masõya". Next, da iska wuce a cikin nasopharynx, sa'an nan - a cikin sauran gabobin na numfashi tsarin.

maƙogwaro

Shi ne a gaban hypopharynx. Wannan matakin na 4-6-th mahaifa vertebrae. Maƙogwaro kafa guringuntsi. Recent kasu kashi nau'i-nau'i (sandan, rozhkovidnye, arytenoid) da kuma unpaired (cricoid, thyroid). A wannan yanayin, da epiglottis ne a haɗe zuwa babba baki na karshe na guringuntsi. A lokacin hadiya, da ya rufe ƙofar maƙogwaro. Saboda haka, shi ne hana shiga cikin ta abinci.

Biyu vocal igiyoyinsu gudu daga thyroid ga arytenoid cartilages. Glottis ne a sarari wanda aka kafa tsakanin su.

Janar bayani game da trachea

Shi ne mai ci gaba da maƙogwaro. An kasu kashi biyu bronchi: hagu da dama. Bifurcation - shi ne wani wuri inda trachea rassan. An halin da wadannan tsawo: 9-12 cm. A talakawan mai gangara diamita ne goma sha takwas millimeters.

A trachea iya hada har zuwa ashirin da bai cika cartilaginous zobba. Suna da alaka da wani fibrous jijiya. Godiya ga rabin zobba cartilaginous Airways zama na roba. Bugu da kari, an yi su gudãna haka sauƙi passable ga iska.

Membranous na baya tracheal bango aka mĩƙe. Ya ƙunshi m tsoka nama (bim cewa gudu lengthwise da kuma crosswise). Wannan na tabbatar da cewa aiki motsi na trachea lokacin da tari, numfashi da kuma sauransu. Game da mucous membrane, shi rufe da ciliated epithelium. A wannan yanayin, da togiya ne wani ɓangare na epiglottis da vocal igiyoyinsu. shi ma yana da mucous gland da kuma lymphoid nama.

bronchi

Wannan biyu kashi. Biyu bronchi, wanda ya kasu kashi da trachea, suna kunshe a cikin hagu da dama huhu. Akwai itace-kamar sashe a cikin karami abubuwa, wanda suke kunshe a cikin huhu lobes. Saboda haka, kafa bronchioles. Muna magana ne game fi kananan airway rassan. Diamita numfashi bronchioles iya zama 0.5 mm. Su, bi da bi, samar da alveolar ducts. Recent ƙare Game da jakunkuna.

Mene ne Alveoli? Wannan protrusion, da ciwon nau'i na kumfa, wanda aka located a kan garun Game da jakunkuna da kuma motsa. Su diamita ne 0.3 mm, da kuma yawan iya zama har zuwa 400 Mill. Wannan na samar da yiwuwar kafa wani babban numfashi surface. Wannan factor muhimmanci rinjayar da adadin haske. A karshen za a iya ƙara.

A mafi muhimmanci mutum na numfashi tsarin

Su suna dauke da huhu. Tsanani cututtuka hade tare da su, zai iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Light (photo gabatar a cikin labarin) suna located a cikin kirji rami, wanda aka hermetically shãfe haske. Its raya bango kafa daidai kashin baya da kuma hakarkarinsa wanda aka movably a haɗe. Tsakanin su akwai ciki da waje tsokoki.

A thoracic rami ne rabu da ciki kasa. Wannan shiga midriff ko diaphragm. huhu haltta ba ne mai sauki. A cikin mutane, akwai biyu. The hakkin huhu yana da uku lobes. A lokaci guda hagu yana da biyu. A saman huhu - shi ne su quntata babba part da kuma ƙananan mika dauke filaye. Ƙõfõfi dabam-dabam. Suna wakilta GROOVES a ciki surface daga cikin huhu. Ta hanyar su ne jini, bronchi, jijiyoyi, da kuma lymphatic tasoshin. A tushen dauke da totality na sama abokai.

Light (photo nuna su location), ko kuma wajen da nama, an hada da kananan Tsarin. Su kira yanka. Wadannan su ne kananan yankunan da suke da wata pyramidal siffar. Bronchi, wanda suke kunshe a cikin jerin segments, zuwa kashi numfashi bronchioles. Alveolar tafi can a karshen kowane daga cikinsu. Wannan dukan tsarin ne a aikin naúrar na cikin huhu. An kira acini.

Hur rufi pleura. Wannan daina kai hare hare kunshi biyu abubuwa. Muna magana ne game m (parietal) da kuma ciki (visceral) petals (haske kewaye da aka a haɗe a kasa). Karshe, ta rufe su, kuma a lokaci guda ne da matsanancin harsashi. Shi ya sa da mika mulki cikin matsanancin saman takardar na pleura da kuma harsashi ne wani ciki bango na thoracic kogo. Wannan results a cikin wani geometrically rufe karami capillary sarari. Muna magana ne game da pleural kogo. Ya ƙunshi wani kananan adadin da ta dace ruwa. Ta wets da pleura. Wannan facilitates su zamiya tare. canji na iska a cikin huhu saboda dalilai da yawa. Daya daga cikin manyan ne don canja girman da pleural da thoracic cavities. Wannan ne haltta daga cikin huhu.

Kadarorin shigar inji da iska kanti

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tsakanin gas wanda aka located a cikin Alveoli, da kuma na yanayi musayar. An sa da rhythmic alternating breaths. Light ba shi da tsoka nama. Saboda wannan dalili, su m raguwa ne ba zai yiwu ba. A wannan yanayin, mafi rawa aka ba wa numfashi tsokoki. Lokacin da suka dauki wani numfashin inna da shi ba zai yiwu. A wannan yanayin, da numfashi tsarin ba ya canzawa.

Inspiration ne wani aiki na inhalation. Yana da wani aiki tsari, a cikin abin da tabbatar da karuwa a cikin kirji. Karewa ne wani aiki na exhalation. Wannan tsari ne m. Shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa thoracic rami rage-rage.

Karsh sake zagayowar da aka gabatar daga baya bulan na inhalation da exhalation. A kan aiwatar da iska shigar da budewa, kuma yana karɓa da waje QFontDatabase tsokoki da hannu. Lokacin da rage su gefuna fara tashi. A lokaci guda akwai wani karuwa a cikin thoracic kogo. A diaphragm an rage. Duk da haka, yana daukan fiye da wani lebur matsayi.

Amma incompressible gabobin da kogon ciki, sa'an nan aka tura zuwa gefen kuma saukar a lokacin tsari. The Dome na diaphragm a lokacin shiru numfashi aka saukar da kimanin rabin santimita. Saboda haka, akwai wani karuwa a tsaye size daga cikin kirji kogo. A cikin hali na wani sosai zurfi numfashi a cikin inspiratory yi na halartar karin tsokoki, daga cikinsu da wadannan:

1. Rhomboid (wanda ya dauke ruwa).
2. Trapezius.
3. Ƙanana da manyan nono.
4. A serratus agara.

A bango na thoracic kogo da kuma huhu rufe serosa. Pleural rami wakilta wani kunkuntar tsaguwa tsakanin zanen gado. Ya ƙunshi serous ruwa. Light duk lokacin da a miƙa jihar. Wannan shi ne saboda matsa lamba a cikin pleural rami ne korau. Yana da wani na roba sanda. Gaskiyar cewa adadin haske ne kullum jihãdi in riƙa raguwa. A karshen-tidal kusan kowane numfashi tsoka hūta. A matsa lamba a cikin pleural rami a kasa yanayi matsa lamba. Mutane daban-daban suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin inspiratory yi plays diaphragm ko intercostal tsokoki. Haka kuma, ba za mu iya magana game da daban-daban na numfashi:

1. Raeburn.
2. Diaphragmatic.
3. Typhoid.
4. Nono.

Yana yanzu, aka sani cewa mata mamaye na karshe irin numfashi. Maza a mafi yawan lokuta akwai ciki. A lokacin shiru numfashi exhalation auku saboda na roba makamashi. Yana accumulates a lokacin baya numfashi. Lokacin da tsokoki shakata, da karankarman ƙirji iya zama passively baya ga farawa matsayi. Idan rage budewa za ta rage, shi zai dauki tsohon domed matsayi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa na ciki gabobin aiki a kan ta. Kamar wancan ne, da matsa lamba a cikinsa rage-rage.

Duk na sama matakai kai ga matsawa daga cikin huhu. Daga cikin wadannan, da iska zo daga (m). Karfafa exhale - shi ne mai aiki tsari. An halarta da ciki intercostal tsokoki. Kamar wancan ne su zaruruwa gudu a gaban shugabanci idan kwatanta da na waje. Suna rage, da karankarman ƙirji fada saukar. Har ila yau, akwai wata rage daga cikin thoracic kogo.