Known Arctic explorers

Arctic murabus bil'adama a nuna na XIX da XX ƙarni. Wannan wuya-da-baki diddigin daredevils daga kasashen da dama: .. Rasha, Norway, Sweden, Italy, da dai sauransu A tarihi na samu na Arctic - shi ne ba kawai kimiyya, amma kuma a wasanni tseren cewa ci gaba da wannan rana.

Nils Nordenskiöld

Arctic Explorer Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) an haife shi a Finland, sa'an nan mallakar Rasha, duk da haka, kasancewa a Swede da haihuwa, ya balaguro gudanar karkashin Yaren mutanen Sweden flag. A cikin matasa ya ziyarci yawa a Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld shi ne na farko matafiyi 'ranta' da Grecia kankara sheet. Duk sanannun masu bincike a cikin Arctic farkon XX karni da aka wajaba a dauke shi a matsayin godfather ya craft.

Babban nasara da Adolfa Nordenshelda ne ya balaguro zuwa Arewa maso Gabas sashi a cikin 1878-1879 biennium. A steamer "Vega" shi ne na farko daya ga tafiya ya zarce zuwa arewacin tekun na Eurasia da kuma cikakken skirted babbar nahiyar. Yabo Nordenskjold kiyasta zuriyarsa - sunansa da aka bai wa m yanayin fasali na Arctic. Wannan shi ne ciki har da tarin tsiburai kusa da Taimyr da Gulf game da New Duniya.

Robert Piri

Name Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - musamman a cikin tarihi na iyakacin duniya expeditions. Shi ya - na farko Arctic Explorer wanda nasara da Arewa iyakacin duniya. A 1886, da mai bincike ya tashi, ya haye Greenland a kan wani seleji. Duk da haka, a tseren ya rasa to Fridtjof Nansen.

A sa'an nan Arctic explorers sun EXTREMALS fi ji fiye da shi ne a yanzu. Amma duk da haka akwai wani zamani kayan aiki, da kuma daredevils ya yi aiki kusan ɗimuwa. Don ya ci da Arewa iyakacin duniya, Peary yanke shawarar juya ga rayuwa da kuma hadisai na Eskimos. Godiya ga "musanyar al'adu" American watsi da yin amfani da barci bags da alfarwansu. Maimakon haka, shi ya koma ga ayyukan gina bukkar garin kankara.

Home Travel Piri - karo na shida da balaguro zuwa Arctic a 1908-1909. The tawagar hada da 22 da Amirkawa 49 Eskimos. Ko da yake, kamar yadda mai mulkin, Arctic explorers aka aiko zuwa iyakar duniya tare da kimiyya da manufofin, kamfanin Piri kunshi kawai daga sha'awar sa da rikodin. Arewa iyakacin duniya da aka ci nasarar da explorers Afrilu 6, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

Domin da farko lokacin da Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) tattaki zuwa Arctic a 1897-1899 gg., Ina ya dauki bangare a cikin Belgium balaguro, wanda shi ne navigator na daya daga cikin jiragen. Bayan ya dawo zuwa mahaifarsa na Norway fara shirya don m tafiya. Kafin wannan, masu bincike na Arctic m tafiya tare da babban teams da dama a kan tasoshin. Amundsen yanke shawarar watsi da yi.

Iyakacin duniya Explorer sayi kananan jirgin ruwa mai filafili "Joa" da kuma tattara a kananan karfi da zai iya da kansa tallafawa kansu da farauta da kuma taro. Wannan balaguro da aka kaddamar a 1903. A lokacin da na fara batu shi ne Norse Greenland, da karshe - Alaska. Saboda haka, na farko Raul Amundsen nasara arewa maso yamma nassi - teku hanya ta cikin Canadian Arctic tarin tsiburai. A wani mataki mai nasara. A 1911, na farko na iyakacin duniya mai bincike a tarihin 'yan adam ya kai Kudu iyakacin duniya. A nan gaba, Amundsen zama sha'awar a cikin yin amfani da jirgin sama, ciki har da airships da seaplanes. The bincike ya rasu a shekara 1928, don neman bace balaguro na Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) ya fara binciko Arctic kawai ga fun. A matsayin sana'a skater da skier, ya shi ne shekaru 27 da haihuwa ya yanke shawarar giciye-kasa gudun kan wata babbar Greenland kankara hula da farko ƙoƙari sanya tarihi.

Arewa iyakacin duniya ya ba tukuna aka ci da yaki da Peary, Nansen da kuma yanke shawarar a cimma cherished batu, drifted tare da kankara a kan schooner "Fram". The jirgin yana zaman talala na kankara arewa na Cape Chelyuskin. iyakacin duniya tawagar tafi a kan tafiye-tafiye, amma a watan Afrilu 1895, kai 86 digiri arewa latitud, ya juya baya.

Daga baya Fridtjof Nansen aka ba da hannu a cikin soma expeditions. Maimakon haka, ya nutsa kansa a kimiyya, zama an yi fice dabbobi da marubucin da dozin karatu. A matsayi na sanannun jama'a adadi Nansen fafitikar da sakamakon yakin duniya na farko a Turai. Ya taimaki 'yan gudun hijira daga kasashe daban-daban da kuma yunwa Volga. A 1922, da Norwegian Arctic Explorer aka bayar da Lambar Yabo ta Duniya.

Umberto Nobile

Italian Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) da aka sani ba kawai a matsayin iyakacin duniya Explorer. Sunansa da ake dangantawa da zinariya zamanin airship. Amundsen, wanda ya buga a kan ra'ayin jirgin sama a kan Arewa iyakacin duniya, sai ya sadu da wani gwani a fagen aeronautics Nobile a 1924. Tuni a 1926, da Italiyanci kamfanin Argonaut Scandinavian da American eccentric miliyoniya Lincoln Ellsworth tafi zuwa ga epochal jirgin. A airship "Norway" bi unprecedented farko hanya Roma - Arewa iyakacin duniya - Alaska Larabawa.

Umberto Nobile zama kasa gwarzo, kuma Duce Mussolini sanya shi janar da kuma girmamawa memba na farkisanci Party. Nasarar prompted da sake gini na airships don tsara wani balaguro. A wannan lokaci, na farko goge a cikin taron taka leda Italiya (jirgin sama na iyakacin duniya da kuma aka kira "Italy"). A kan hanyar dawo daga Arewa iyakacin duniya airship fado, wani ɓangare na ƙungiya mutu, kuma Nobile aka ceto daga cikin kankara Soviet icebreaker "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites feat - na musamman page a cikin tarihi na iyakacin duniya bincike yanci. An hade da wani ƙoƙari mara nasara kafa kewayawa tare da Arewa Sea Route. Yana da aka yi wahayi zuwa masanin kimiyya Otto Schmidt da kuma Captain-iyakacin duniya Vladimir Voronin. A shekara ta 1933, suka aika da steamer "Chelyuskin" kuma suka tafi a kan wani balaguro tare arewacin tekun na Eurasia.

Soviet Arctic explorers nema ya tabbatar da cewa da Arewa Sea Route za a iya wuce ba kawai a kan wani abin hawa shirya musamman, amma kuma mai sauki jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya. Hakika, shi ne wata caca, kuma ya bayyana a gare azaba a cikin Bering mashigar, inda kankara murƙushe jirgin da aka farfashe.

The ƙungiya daga "Chelyuskin" hastily kwashe, da kuma a babban birnin kasar na gwamnati hukumar tsara ceto na iyakacin duniya explorers an halitta. Mutane sun koma gida da iska gada da taimakon jirgin sama. A tarihin "Chelyuskin" da matukan jirgin nasara da duniya. Matukan jirgin, ma'aikatan ceto na farko zuwa sama da lakabi na Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) da nasaba da rayukansu tare da tẽku kamar yadda wani saurayi, ya shiga Rostov nautical azuzuwan. Kafin ta zama wani Arctic Explorer, ya halarci a Rasha-Japanese yaki, a lokacin da ya umarci wani torpedo jirgin ruwan.

A farko iyakacin duniya balaguro Sedov ya faru a 1909, lokacin da ya bayyana bakin cikin Kolyma River. Sa'an nan, ya yi nazari akan sabon duniya (ciki har da Krestov Guba). A 1912, babban jami'in leftana da shawarar cewa tsarist gwamnatin aikin sledge balaguro, manufar wanda ya da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Hukumomi ƙi tallafa m. Sa'an nan, ya tattara kudi daga masu zaman kansu kudi da kuma har yanzu ya shirya tafiya. Cikin jirgin "St. Foka" An katange da kankara a Novaya Zemlya. Sedov sa'an nan fadi rashin lafiya tare da scurvy, amma har yanzu tare da da dama, suka je seleji da Arewa iyakacin duniya. Iyakacin duniya ya rasu a hanyan kusa da Rudolf Island, inda aka binne shi.

Valery Chkalov

More sau da yawa fiye da Rasha Arctic explorers dangantawa da jirãge, sleighs da kuma kare sledding. Duk da haka, ta bayar da nazarin iyakacin duniya sarari da kuma sanya matukan jirgi. Babban Soviet ace Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938), a 1937 sanya farko nonstop jirgin daga Moscow zuwa Vancouver via da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Aboki birged kwamandan a kan manufa ta zama co-matukin jirgi Georgy Bajdukov da navigator Alexander Belyakov. Fiye da 63 hours of Ant-25 ya sanya hanya-dogon 9000 kilomita. A heroes of Vancouver jiran labarai daga ko'ina cikin duniya, da kuma Shugaban kasar Amurka Roosevelt da kaina samu matukan jirgi a fadar White House.

Ivan Papanin

Kusan lalle Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - cikin shahararrun Soviet Arctic Explorer. Mahaifinsa shi ne Sevastopol tashar jiragen ruwa da ma'aikata, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa yaron a farkon yara lit teku. A arewa Papanin bayyana a karon farko a shekarar 1931, da ziyartar a kan jirgin "Malygin" Franz Josef Land.

Thunderous tsarki ya tabbata ga Arctic explorers zo a shekaru 44 da haihuwa. A 1937-1938. Papanin jagoranci aiki ne na farko a duniya rugujewa, "Arewa iyakacin duniya" tashar. 274 kwanaki ciyar hudu masana kimiyya a kan kankara, kallon yanayin duniya da kuma hydrosphere na Arctic Ocean. Papanin zama Hero na Tarayyar Soviet sau biyu.