Mene ne ayyuka na manufofi? A jerin misalai na yin amfani da jawabin

Sassan Jawabin - kyau-bomai inji a cikin abin da ba superfluous kashi. Abin mamaki, a cikin kowane harshe, da wannan dabarar da aka shirya daban. Da cewa a daya harshen za a iya bayyana, a biyu ko uku kalmomi, a cikin wani zai bukatar gina wani wajen hadaddun shawara. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci a nazarin waje harsuna ba kusanci nahawu a cikin wani slipshod hanya, da kuma kokarin fahimtar kowane mulki - a gaskiya babu wani daga cikinsu shi ne komai, kuma m.

Siffa ne daya daga cikin key sassa na magana, ba mutane damar fili bayyana duniya. Duk da haka, shi yana da kansa nuances a cikin harsuna daban daban na duniya. Wannan tsarin da wuri a cikin jumla, da hadin kai tare da sauran sassa na magana, kuma ba shakka, da ayyukan da ake sanya wa siffa. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a kuma kwatanta aiki da wannan ɓangare na magana a Turai da dama harsuna.

Common Properties

Saboda haka, abin da siffofin da manufofi? Jerin ne babban isa.

Da farko, da abu na tsangwama siffa nuna alamar. Wannan yana nufin cewa dukiyar da aka bayyana ta da akai rai ko matattun abu (a m aboki, mai kyau gida). Non-procedural ãyõyi ake ma ake magana a kai adverbs, amma wadannan cututtuka su ne ba riga da batun, da kuma mataki (gudu da sauri, kyakkyawan Paint).

Idan siffa da aka kai tsaye alaka da suna, shi dole ne su iya daidaita da wa "maigidan." Harsuna daban daban da daban-daban Categories sunaye: lamba, jinsi, yanayin, declension. Dukkan wadannan Categories suka dauko manufofi - jerin Categories domin su dubi daidai da wannan.

dangantaka

Har ila yau manufofi suna a hankali juna tare da sauran sassa na magana, iya shiga juna da kuma yin aukaka. Furta wannan su dangane da magana da kuma numerals. A jamsin na wadannan sassa na magana a cikin lokaci, da kuma wani ordinal lambobi, amsa tambaya "wanda shi ne lissafin?", Kazalika da dangi da kuma lamz'n'n "wanda" da "cewa." Ya kamata mu ma haskaka da sakamako na kwatanta abu ta hanyar da sacrament, wanda haifi fi'ilai kuma manufofi. A jerin wadannan siffofin ne manya-manyan (tafiya jirgin, Crouching Tiger). Tarayya kuma yi daidai da abu da kuma samar da wata ãyã daga hanya.

siffa canji

Secondary halitta siffa jaddada irin da samuwar. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne kafa daga sunaye, mayar da hankali a kan wasu key Properties ko ãyõyi. Alal misali, raspberries ya ba mu wani garura launi, da kuma kwana - kusurwa Gait. Adjectives cewa nuna abu nasa ne wani - mafi daukan hankali misali na kusa connection tsakanin wannan bangare na jawabin da sunaye. Irin wannan sassauci ne daban-daban Rasha harshen, inda possessive manufofi an kafa sau da yawa: littafin kakan - wani littafi kakan.

A Turanci da kuma Jamus siffofin sun bata. A Turanci grandad littafin nasa ne da littafin Grandpa nuna possessive suna grandad. A Jamus akwai kusan m zuwa Saukake tsari, wanda aka yi amfani da ta dace sunayen: Hanana Auto. Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa da rawa ne na musamman nau'i na genitive: das Buch des Grossvaters, yayin da fari shi ne batun, ba mai yin su.

Turanci da aka sani ga hira - cikakken mika mulki daga wani sashi na jawabin zuwa wani ba tare da wani bayyane canje-canje. Shafi hira da manufofi - rigar (rigar) na iya zama mai suna ma'ana "rigar" ba tare da wahala. A siriri a cikin "siriri" ma'ana musamman, a wata mahallin zai zama kalmomin nan "stroynet".

A Jamus, a irin wannan inji sa da siffa a cikin wani m suna. Schwarz a gabar "duhu" idan ka ƙara labarin yakan mallaki ma'anar "duhu." Akwai kuma zai yiwu a maida a ambata sunayen da talikan, da wata ãyã kira samar da wani siffa, der Irre - «mahaukaci», der Taube - «kurãme». Ƙara da labarin da siffa aiki a Faransa: Le ciel Est bleu (siffa). Le bleu (suna) du ciel. Bleu syntactic aiki a wurinsa a jumla, kuma ma gaban labarin ba dalilin yi imani da le bleu suna. Kamar haka suna le bleu, sai dai babban darajar (da launi nadi - blue, blue), da kuma sauran yana da, misali: m tufafi, blue shirt, mafari, kurma blue.

wajen samo manufofi

Akwai da dama iri na kasashen waje wajen samo daga manufofi, dangane da mataki na karbuwa ga hakikar da na rundunar harshe. A wannan batun, akwai da dama daga cikin wadannan iri:

• Complete burbushi - da kalmar ba ya sha wani canje-canje, da tsarin ba kai karkatar harshe. Yawanci, wadannan sun hada da takamaiman sharuddan ga style (na bege, Rococo), kazalika da nagartaccen tabarau (Marsala, Indigo).
• Suffixes - mafi girma kungiyar aro manufofi. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, kawai dauka a kan takwarorinsu a cikin rundunar harshe da kuma kasashen waje suffixes na manufofi. Lissafa su manyan isa. Faransa suffixes -aire, -ique da -if modified kuma suna goyon bayan a -ar- halitta kari na baya baki -S. Kuma rare kari na baya baki -ichesky: legendaire - almara. diplomatique - diplomasiyya. Greek kari na baya baki -IR a Rasha harshen zama -ary, -ichesky: hygienic, photogenic kuma jaruntakar.

Great da kuma iko manufofi

List of manufofi na Rasha harshen sosai high godiya ga kalma-samuwar m wannan bangare na jawabin.

The aiki na manufofi a jumla - ko da definition (Ya karanta mai kyau littafin), ko wani ɓangare na wani fili maras predicate (Ni yanzu a sosai mai kuzari). A farkon yanayin, da siffa aka sanya kafin suna, na biyu - bayan.

Aiki da kalma-samuwar yuwuwar za a iya raba duk manufofi. Jerin kunshi uku abubuwa:

1. Quality - shi ne mai kai tsaye alama cewa za a iya ji da hankula (ja, m, m). Irin manufofi bambanta a digiri na kwatanta (da karfi - da loudest), da kuma na iya samun short form (m, mai tsanani). Idan akwai bukatar su inganta darajar da siffa iya maimaita: blue, blue sama. Daga ingantaccen manufofi samar adverbs kuma m sunaye: kyau - kyau - kyakkyawa.
2. Dangi - dauri bayyana abu da wani abu ko ra'ayi (aluminum - Ya sanya daga aluminum, wani dinki - akayi nufi don dinki). Bã su da wani digiri na kwatanta, ko dai short form, kuma ba zai iya samar da adverbs.
3. Possessive - nuna akidar to kowa (mutum ko dabba) - kakan taba, cleft sprouts.

Wani lokaci a miƙa mulki daga zumunta siffa category a quality. A wannan yanayin, canza da kuma saitin: foxtail - fox murmushi (ma'ana: m, ƙarya).

An muhimmanci halayyar ne da ikon na Rasha manufofi da samun koma baya - canji irin, yawan da hali bisa ga ikon suna (tubali gidan - bulo bango - tubali ginshikan).

harshen Shakespeare

Akwai wasu siffofin da, sabanin da Rasha, da ba su da Turanci manufofi. Lissafa su ne kananan, amma isa.

A bambanci ga Rasha, Turanci manufofi gaba daya marar sakewa. Red fox, ja furanni, ja bango - duk wadannan phrases da kalmar "ja" an bar kamar yadda shi ne, ko da kuwa da lambar kuma da irin suna.

Bambanta ingantaccen da kuma zumunta manufofi a cikin harshen Turanci. List of siffofin ne kusan guda kamar yadda a Rasha, sai dai daya gaskiya - English manufofi ba su da wani gajeren tsari.

Kamar yadda wani siffa iya shiga cikin wani m suna (da m - wani abu m). Marasa lafiya (haƙuri) shiga cikin rashin lafiya (marasa lafiya, marasa lafiya) ƙara labarin. Kamar yadda a Rasha, Turanci siffa matsayin definition zai riga wani suna (wani komai a gidan), kazalika da predicate - to gama da shi (The gidan fanko).

A dalilai na rashin possessive manufofi da aka tattauna a baya.

Goethe Harshe

Sosai a kowa ne Turanci da kuma Jamus manufofi - jerin siffofin ne kusan m. Duk da haka, akwai daya manyan bambanci, hada Jamus manufofi tare da Rasha, - ikon jingina. Ein billiger Haus - «m gidan" a cikin jam'i zama billige Häuser. Karshen canji jinsi, yawan da kuma hali na siffa (guten Kindes - kyau baby, gutem tausayi - kyau yaro, guten tausayi - kyau yaro).

Dangane da ko muna magana ne game da wani takamaiman ko bazuwar abubuwa, manufofi an ki a cikin rauni (der gute Vater - wannan shi ne mai kyau uba), karfi (guter Vater - mai kyau uba) ko gauraye (ein guter Vater - wasu da kyau uba) rubuta.

Harshe na soyayya

A yawa a cikin na kowa da Jamus, Faransa manufofi ne - a jerin kamance ne isa. Sun bambanta daga jinsi (Il Est Joli - yana da kyau, elle Est Jolie - ta ke da kyau) da kuma lambobin (Le livre intéressant - ban sha'awa littafin, les livres intéressants - ban sha'awa littattafai), hali declension ba. Su ma bambanta dangane da mataki na kwatanta (Grand - Plus grand - Le da grand).

An ban sha'awa alama na Faransa manufofi - da ikon canza darajar, dangane da ko, kafin ko bayan suna suna. Un homme jarumi - jarumi, yayin da un jarumi homme - mai kyau mutum.

natsuwarSa Harshe

List of manufofi in Finnish ne manya-manyan kuma shi ne hadaddun. Kamar yadda a Rasha, manufofi yarda da suna a yawan da hali (kuma dukansu a Finland daga 14 zuwa 16).

Wasu manufofi ba su canja a lokuta:

Eri - daban-daban;

viime - karshe.

ensi - gaba.

Koko - a.

A siffa kuma iya tsayawa a gaban fassara kalmomi: kaunis Talo - mai kyau gidan. da kuma bayan shi - Talo a kan kaunis. - Nice gidan. Akwai kuma digiri na kwatanta (iloinen - gaisuwa. Iloisempi - more fun, more fun. Iloisin - mafi fun, fun).

Kamance da kuma bambance-bambance

Saboda haka, a duk harsuna manufofi yi aikin kayyade ingancin abu. Jeri tare da batu a wani harshe daban-daban yana da halaye. List of manufofi a Finnish da kuma Rasha harsuna zai zama duka biyu janar da kuma bayãnin hukuncin fasali. Haka ya shafi sauran harsuna, duk da kusanci na ƙamus da kuma nahawu.