Mene ne mafita? gudun hijira tsarin

Aboveground ɓangare na shuka kira da kalmar "mafaka". A tsarin shi ne saboda da ayyuka yi. Hakika, kowane sashen ne ba makawa da kuma kayyade yiwuwar kasancewar jinsin. The ayyuka na abinci mai gina jiki, girma tafiyar matakai, da ikon daidaita - wadannan su ne kawai wasu daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da sashen na shuka kwayoyin.

Biology: Structure gudun hijira

A ilimin halittar jiki ya bambanta axial kuma a kaikaice sassa na jiki: tushe da kuma ganye. A tsarin da shuka harbe burge tare da iri-iri: daga microscopic cikin ruwa Duckweed ga giant sequoia gandun daji. Shi ne saboda da daban-daban tsarin da aka gyara na da m part, alaka da halaye na yanayi da kuma yanayin damina. Akwai kuma taqaitaccen da amfrayo harbe - kodan.

Attaching da takardar sanya shaft rabo da aka kira wani kumburi, da kuma kwana wanda aka kafa tsakanin su, - kirjinsa. Akwai ya qware koda, kafa da ganye ko furanni. A nisa tsakanin biyu wuraren leaf abin da aka makala kira interstitial.

kara

Tsarin gudun hijira da farko ya dogara ne a kan shugabanci na girma da kuma wuri a cikin sarari na kara. Dangane da wadannan halaye rarrabe kafa, rarrafe, rarrafe, da hawa da kuma clinging iri. Mai tushe kuma bambancin yanayin da surface. Yana iya zama tsirara, ko da matakai, m, ko m. Idan ka yanke da zangarniya crosswise, yana yiwuwa domin sanin siffar: zagaye, Ribbed, tare da yawan fuskoki ko mĩƙe.

Tsaye bakin ramin strawberries ne ma ta kuɓuta, da ciwon taqaitaccen internodes.

Dangane da tsari na rayuwa rarrabe herbaceous da woody tushe. A farko ba shi da cambium - gefe na ilimi masana'anta. A farkon shekaru na rayuwa ne irin wannan a cikin bayyanar da sabon harbe na itãce, kuma shrubs. Su ne kore a cikin launi da kuma ne iya photosynthesis. Tun da aka lignified kan lokaci, mafi zama m. Su iya rike manyan 'ya'yan itace da tsayayya da karfi gusts na iska.

iri mai tushe

Dangane da fasali na ci gaban sake zagayowar wata shuka iya zama daya-, two, da kuma tsawon lokaci. Alal misali, aster ƙeƙashe a cikin kaka, bayan da suka mutu gaba daya. A wasu tasowa karas da beets. A shekara ta fari ta rayuwa, sai suka samar da tushen, waxanda suke da gawawwakin da aka adana gina jiki. A cikin kaka na kara mutu. Amma shuka ne a cikin nau'i na modified kara. Tare da farko na sharadi gwargwado domin tsira tsiro da baya. A wannan yanayin, a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa a kan shi suna kafa a sakamakon flowering tsaba, da wanda karbe shuke-shuke.

Rayuwa sake zagayowar of perennial shuke-shuke, la'akari da nazarin tsarin fasali na conifers harbe. Wannan shrub ko itacen da guda karfi kara - akwati. Its cin fara da germination na zuriya. kafa seedling, da kuma, bayan sakamakon da girma - adult shuka. Ya ƙare da rai sake zagayowar of perennial shuke-shuke mutuwa. Conifers suna dauke su gaskiya centenarians. Alal misali, Pine da rayukansu don kimanin shekaru 400, spruce - har zuwa 500, kuma Juniper - kamar yadda 1000!

takardar

A kaikaice ɓangare na shoot ga a kalla a aikin da bambancin. Yana bayar da wani iska powered, transpiration - danshin ruwa daga surface na vegetative yaduwa. Tserewa, wanda tsarin obuslovlovleno ayyuka yi, halin da iri-iri na ganye.

Murtsunguwa allurar bukatar rage adadin evaporated danshi. A palmate fadi a doki chestnut, a akasin haka, ƙara da yawa.

Bar da daya farantin kira sauki, amma tare da 'yan located a kan wannan petiole - hadaddun. Ganin su, ka na iya lura da wani abin kwaikwaya. Yana halitta jijiyoyinmu. Wannan fibrovascular daure na conductive masana'anta. By yanayin venation bambanci bar tare da raga (Maple, apple), a layi daya (masara, hatsin rai) da baka (plantain Lily) veining.

Phyllotaxy

Tserewa, tsarin da ya dogara da yawan samu makamashin hasken rana, halin da daban-daban tsari na ganye a kan kara. A cikin hali na mai karkace tsari ne kafa na gaba, da kuma idan da'irar - m, ko verticillate.

A yanayi babu shuke-shuke da cewa ba sabunta da itãce. Yana resets kuma Pine, kuma fir. Tun da fall, ba duk ganye a lokaci daya, babu wanda ya lura.

gyare-gyare tsere

Lokacin da ka bukatar ka yi ƙarin ayyuka harbe da kuma su gyara an modified. A ganye za a iya tuba a cikin spines ko ɓamɓaroki. Na shuka da yara, su sami damar kama da nike kananan kwari.

Features mafaka tsari, zai iya la'akari da misali da kwararan fitila. Ta lebur modified kara kira wani "muhimmi farantin". Yana yana da dama iri ganye: m - adanar ruwa da kuma gina jiki, da bushe - domin kariya. Bugu da ƙari, kodan a gaban isasshen ruwa girma matasa kore ganye. Daga kara ma tsiro fibrous tushen tsarin.

A tubers Urushalima artichoke, wanda kuma ake kira artichoke kuma samar gyara gudun hijira - da tuber. A thickened fleshy zangarniya ne rubtsevidnye buds, daga abin da girma harbe.

Karkashin kasa mai tushe tare da dogon internodes ne rhizomes. Suna kama da bulala, sun sosai-raya inji da conductive masana'anta. Koda located a kan rhizome kafa ganye. Waɗanda suke sabon ga tsarin fasali na rhizomes, imani da cewa idan ka rabu da ganye, wato, dukan shuka ya mutu. Amma wannan ra'ayi ne erroneous, saboda babban ɓangare na shuka da aka kare, kuma shi ne a karkashin kasa.

Da dangantakar tsarin da kuma ayyuka

Tsarin gudun hijira dogara a kan ayyuka yi. Wannan za a iya tabbatar da la'akari da abubuwa da tsarin da sassa. A takardar da aka rufi da rai nama waje fata a cikin abin da akwai takware - stomata. Su zama dole domin kariya da kuma gaseous musayar. A internals na takardar wakilta kara haja da kuma chlorophyll nama wanda yake da alhakin autotrophic abinci mai gina jiki na dukan shuka. Abubuwa na conductive da kuma inji kyallen takarda, kafa veins, su ne tushen ga harkokin sufuri na dukan fanni na zama dole na gina jiki.

Vegetative shuka gabobin ne tushen (boye ɓangare na shi) da kuma Tserewa. A tsarin da generative sassa ba da damar su yi irin wannan ayyuka. Sun gudanar da wani tsari na jima'i haifuwa da kuma shuka yaduwa. Amma da flower aka tasowa a kan ƙafãfunsa, kuma ya ci gaba da zama dole kwayoyin abubuwa kafa a cikin ganyayyaki.

Yana iya ƙarasa da cewa da shuka ne guda kwayoyin, da aiki sassa ana juna.