Menene yanayin yanayin Brest-Litovsk: taƙaita yarjejeniyar da sakamakonsa

Soviet Rasha, a daya hannun, Jamus, Bulgaria, Turkey da Australiya-Hungary, a gefe guda, sun sanya yarjejeniya a 1918. Daga abin da yanayin yanayin Brest-Litovsk ya kasance, matsayi na ikon da yawa ya dogara.

Wasanni na farko

Sharuddan da Brest Aminci a 1918 tattauna da 'yan sau da shi ne a matakai uku. Yawancin tarurrukan da aka yi a kan batun Armeniya ne. Soviet Rasha ta gabatar da wasu sharuɗɗan yanayi, amma Jamus da maƙwabta sun ƙi irin wannan zaman lafiya Brest. Kwanan wata na tattaunawar a kan ƙarshe na kwangila a Brest-Litovsk - 1917, Disamba 9th. A nan ne tsarin umurnin Jamus. Ƙasar Soviet sun yi ƙoƙari su guje wa duniya na gaba da albashi da haɓakawa.

Matsayin jagoran Soviet

A Soviet tawagar ya ɓullo da wani shirin, wanda ya bi a lokacin da gudanarwa. Rikicin Rasha da halin da mazauna suke ciki sun dogara akan abin da yanayin zaman lafiya Brest yake. Babban mahimman bayanai na shirin:

• Samun yiwuwar kauce wa tashin hankali daga wurare da aka shafe a lokacin tashin hankali.
• Amincewa da cikakken 'yanci na siyasa na mutanen da suka rasa shi a lokacin yakin.
• Ability don kauce wa indemnities.
• Gabatar da ikon 'yan tsiraru na ƙasa a karkashin wasu sharuɗɗan yanayi.
• Samar da} ungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da damar da za su za ~ i wata} asa ko kafa 'yancin kai na' yanci.
• An magance matsalolin mallaka bisa ga ka'idojin da ke sama.
• Adana haƙƙin haƙƙin 'yanci da' yanci na ƙasashe masu raunana.

Sojojin Soviet sun shirya har tsawon lokacin da za su iya jawo tattaunawar zaman lafiya, da gangan suna fatan su raunana Jamus saboda sakamakon juyin juya halin cikin gida. Janairu 28, 1918, an gabatar da Rasha tare da kima. Jamus ta bukaci shigar da yarjejeniyar a kan waɗannan sharuddan, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa da Poland, da Baltic jihohi da Belarus.

Rasha ta kunya

Bukatun Jamus sun kasance masu ban tsoro. A wani ɓangare, Rasha ba zata iya sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniya ba, kuma zai fi kyau fara fararen yaki maimakon yarda da irin wannan yanayi. Amma albarkatu don gudanar da aikin soja bai isa ba. Rundunar Rasha ta dogara ga abin da yanayin da Brest yake ciki. Leon Trotsky, tare da sauran Bolsheviks, kokarin neman hanyar fita daga wannan halin da ake ciki. Bayan haka jagorancin kasar ya zo da shawarar da ya fi dacewa da shi. Ranar 28 ga watan Janairu, shugaban kungiyar Soviet ya ba da jawabin da ya jagoranci wannan: ba za a sanya hannu a duniya ba, amma Rasha ba za ta fara yakin ba. Leon Trotsky ya sanar da janye mutanen da sojoji daga yakin.

Wannan shawarar ta gigice Jamus da 'yan diplomasiyya Australiya. Ba su yi tsammanin irin abubuwan da suka faru ba. Ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun, an fara farmakin sojojin dakarun Austro-Hungary. An rushe Rundunar Red Army, babu wanda ya yi adawa da abokin gaba. A sakamakon haka, Pskov da Narva sun shagaltar da su. Wasu daga cikin kwamandojin, waɗanda suke a wannan lokaci a matsayinsu, sun koma ba tare da yakin ba. Rasha ba ta sake tattaunawa game da yanayin da Brest yake ciki ba. Ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, Soviet ta amince da Jamusanci.

Jamus, ganin rashin fatawar halin da ake ciki a Rasha, yanzu ya bukaci yankunan da suka fi yawa (sau biyar), wanda kusan dukkanin wuraren da ake amfani da kwalba da kuma baƙin ƙarfe na kasar nan kusan kusan miliyan 50 ne. Har ila yau, kungiyar Soviet ta dauki nauyin bayar da gudunmawa. Sabon tawagar Rasha ta jagoranci Grigory Sokolnikov. Ya ce babu wani zaɓi a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki kuma ba zai yiwu ba don kaucewa sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Ya kuma bayyana fatan cewa halin yanzu halin yanzu yana wucin gadi.

Terms of Brest Peace - kaɗan

• Rashin amincewa da larduna, inda Belarusiyawa suka ci gaba da zama a cikin mazaunan yankin.
• Gyaran 'yancin kai na Ukraine.
• Rushewar larduna, Estland, Lifland, Kurland, Grand Duchy of Finland.
• Rarraban yankunan Caucasian - Batumi da Kara.
• Ƙarshen zaman lafiya tare da UNR.
• Amincewa da rundunar jirage da sojoji.
• A tashi daga Baltic Fleet daga Finnish da Baltic sansanonin sojin.
• Biyan kuɗin kuɗin dalar Amurka 500 da biliyan 6.
• Fleet na Baltic ya bar asalinsu a Finland da kuma jihohin Baltic.
• Cessation of farfaganda juyin juya hali.
• Rashin Ruwa na Bahar Ruwa ya janye zuwa Ƙananan Ikoki.

Sakamakon

Saboda haka an kammala zaman lafiya na Brest. Ranar da ta sanya hannu ita ce ranar 3 ga Maris, 1918. Ukraine, Poland, da Baltic jihohi da wani ɓangare na Belarus aka katse daga Rasha. Har ila yau, {asar Soviet ta biya Jamus fiye da nau'in ton na zinariya. Jamus, suna nuna cewa suna so su tabbatar da ikon mulkin mallaka na Ukraine, sun fara zama yankin. A wannan lokacin, tashin hankali na 'yan Socialist-Revolutionaries na tashi, kuma yakin basasa ya dauki nauyin babban yakin basasa. 'Yan adawa sun soki lamirin Lenin cewa Rasha ba ta da wani zabi sai dai ta yarda da yarjejeniyar. Sojojin sun rushe. Sakamakon zaman lafiya na Brest ya nuna cewa magoya bayan 'yan adawa sun yi kira ga shahararren tashin hankali don kawar da sojojin Jamus da Austria. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙi amincewa da zaman lafiya. Daga Maris zuwa Agusta 1918, sojojin Birtaniya da Japan sun sauka a Murmansk, Vladivostok, da Arkhangelsk.

Ƙarshen Salama Brest

Ba a ƙaddamar da zaman lafiya na Brest ba tsawon lokaci. Ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, bayan da suka ci nasara da dakarun Austro-Jamus (godiya ga abokansu), Rasha ta soke shi. A ranar shafewa, jagoran Soviet ya matsa zuwa Moscow, saboda tsoron harin da Jamus ta dauka kan Petrograd. Bayan da aka sake warware yarjejeniyar, an yi la'akari da cewa an yi wa sararin samaniya damar zama maras kyau. Jagoran Soviet sun ba wa mazaunan Caucasus da sauran wurare ba tare da makomarsu ba. Tun da farko, ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1918, wani ɓangare na zaman lafiya na Brest ya rabu da Turkiyya.

Yana da kyau ace cewa sakamakon Brest zaman lafiya yana ƙarfafa ikon Lenin. Bolsheviks sun fara nuna masa mahimmancin amincewa. A karshen yakin basasa a shekara ta 1922, ya kafa a mafi yawan Rasha Soviet iko.