Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: biography, photos

Rasha cosmonautics sani a manyan yawan shahararren mutane. Kuma daga gare su ne Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Da farko, ya aka sani na zama na farko mutumin da ya kasance ba ji tsoron tafi cikin matsanancin sarari. Wannan sanannen da Leonov cosmonaut. Biography of wannan fice hali zai zama batun mu tattaunawa.

Haihuwa da kuma yaranta

A Kemerovo yankin, karkarar wanda sa'an nan take ta West-Siberian baki, mahaifar Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Kwanan wata na haihuwa - May 30, 1934. Mahaifansa biyu, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov da Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, fãce kaɗan Alyosha tãyar da bakwai sauran yara.

Lokacin da Alex ya shekara uku da haihuwa, iyalinsa suka tura. The mahaifin tafi zuwa ga tsare cibiyar, da kuma mahaifiyar tare da yaro da aka tilasta su matsa zuwa Kemerovo, kamar yadda su gidan da aka zahiri ba to washe. Amma bayan shekaru biyu da mahaifinsa aka gyara.

A Kemerovo A. A. Leonov tafi makaranta, amma a shekarar 1947 da iyali, dangane da canji na wurin aiki na breadwinner, da aka tilasta su matsa zuwa Kaliningrad. Shi ne a cikin wannan birni na gaba mai jannati samu ya sakandare ilimi.

Daga farkon yara, A. A. Leonov yi mafarkin na ga sojoji aiki, don haka bayan samun wani high school diploma (1953) ya shiga Soja Aviation School, wanda ya yi nasarar kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1955. Bayan shekaru biyu ya sauke karatu daga makarantar da m profile.

ci gaban da Space

A halin yanzu, na biyu da rabi daga cikin 50s da 60s XX karni ne lokacin da m ci gaban da sarari. A shekara ta 1957, da wucin gadi Duniya da tauraron dan adam da aka kaddamar da Tarayyar Soviet. kare Laika - A wannan shekara, a wani jirgin sama na farko dabba da aka sa a cikin falaki. Duk da mafi gaggawa ne tambaya na yiwuwar tashi a cikin mutum sarari.

A shekarar 1960, Tarayyar Soviet Air Force sanya zabin na farko da kungiyar 'yan saman jannati, da suka hada da 20 mafi kyau-horar da matukan jirgi. Shi ne daga cikin membobin wannan kungiya kafa ƙungiya daga farko Soviet sarari expeditions. A wannan mafi cancantar ashirin hit kuma A. A. Leonov. Bayan shi, cikin tawagar ya Jamus Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev da kuma wasu shahararrun matukan jirgi. The daraja na zama na farko cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin da aka bai. A watan Afrilu 1961, da kumbon sama jannati "Vostok-1", ya sanya na farko orbital jirgin.

Daga shekarar 1961 zuwa shekarar 1964, sarari jirgin sanya da kuma Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky da Komarov. The ƙungiya daga Vladimir Komarov, wanda ya tashi a watan Oktoba 1964, a Bugu da kari wa shugaban, kunshi biyu mafi mutane. Irin wannan damar ta ba da wani sabon nau'in Multi-kumbon sama jannati "Voskhod", wanda ya maye gurbin cikin jerin "Gabas".

Jiran su bi da bi ya Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Photo tare da shi da kuma Yuriem Gagarinym za a iya gani a sama.

A tarihi jirgin

A sabon sarari balaguro aka shirya don tsakiyar Maris 1965. Yana kunshi mutane biyu. Ya aka nada kwamandan Pavel Belyaev da kuma matukin jirgi - A. A. Leonov. Ofishin Jakadancin ya faru a cikin multiseater kumbon sama jannati "Voskhod-2", wanda, a kwatanta da farko version an modified.

Da farko, da aiki na balaguro da aka aiwatar da shirin adam spacewalks, da kuma dauke shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Soviet Lunar shirin.

"Voskhod-2" da Belyaev da Leonov a kan jirgin da aka kaddamar a kan Maris 18, 1965.

A bude sarari

Bayan da kumbon sama jannati shiga madawwama biyu, ya wajaba a gudanar da wani babban manufar jirgin - mai spacewalk. Wannan aiki ya yanke shawara A. A. Leonov. The sama jannatin nan da nan ya koma cikin kulle masallaci, bayan da rufaffiyar sashe matukan jirgin shugaban da ya fara ta depressurization. Sa'an nan Alexei Arkhipovich bar airlock da tako fita cikin bude sarari. Yana da wannan aiki na dukan duniya yana zama da aka sani A. A. Leonov (jannati). Photo ya tsaya a cikin bude sarari located a kasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin da waje a kumbon sama jannati Alexei Arkhipovich ji rashin jin daɗi: jikinsa zafin jiki ya tashi, ya fara sweating, ta ƙara zuciya kudi da kuma na numfashi kudi. A m sarari jannati ya shafe fiye da goma sha biyu da minti.

Koma zuwa kumbon sama jannati ne saboda wasu matsaloli. Saboda gaskiya cewa sarari kwat da wando mai tsanani kumbura, Leonov ya tukuru don samun koma cikin airlock. Saboda haka ya - a take hakkin da umarnin - ya zuwa matsi a cikin ta kai da hannunsa a gaba.

saukowa

Saukowa kumbon sama jannati ma tare da wasu m aukuwa. Ta yi a da za'ayi ta atomatik, bayan jirgin zai sa 17 jũya a kusa da falaki. Amma da kayan aiki da ya malfunctioned. Saboda haka, "fitowar rana-2" da za a sa a cikin manual yanayin bayan 18 jũya.

saukowa wuri ne taiga yanki a cikin Perm yankin. Agaji jam'iyyar ta iya samun wani kumbon sama jannati kawai a rana ta biyu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa saboda kasawa a cikin aiki da kai saukowa faru a wani unscheduled wuri.

Bugu da ari aiki sama jannati

Bayan da aikata tarihi jirgin, wanda aka kamala a saki na farko nasara adam a cikin sarari, Alexei Leonov aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya aka bayar da mafi Soviet lambar yabo - da "Gold Star" da kuma Order of Lenin.

Bayan da cewa kuma har 1969 m Leonov dauki bangare a cikin Soviet Lunar shirin. Amma bayan saukowa Amirkawa a kan watã shi aka phased fita kamar yadda Tarayyar Soviet rasa Amurka gasar a cikin "Lunar tseren". Yanzu, Duniya ta halitta da tauraron dan adam ne ba na musamman sha'awa ga Rasha cosmonautics. Ko da yake a lokaci daya da shi da aka shirya cewa shi ya kamata ya zama Leonov mutumin farko komai a fili a kan wata.

A wannan lokaci, lokaci guda tare da aikin Alex Arkhipovich karatu a Air Force Academy, a fannin aikin injiniya shugabanci.

A shekarar 1975, Leonov sanya masa ɗansa na biyu sarari jirgin. Wannan lokaci shi ne wanda ya kasance shugaban matukan jirgin, wanda, baya ga shi, ya shiga V.Kubasov. Jirgin da aka yi a kan wani jirgin sama "Soyuz-19", kuma dade fiye da kwanaki biyar. A wannan balaguro, ya aka sau daya more bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

A Janairu 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov tare da sauran matukan jirgin da ya tsara bar tawagar 'yan saman jannati. Da farko, wannan ya kasance saboda tsufa. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba har shekarar 1991 zuwa zauna matsayin mataimakin. Shugaban jam'iyyar CPC. A shekarar 1991 ya yi ritaya tare da daraja na Major General.

Ayyukan kan pensions

Amma ba irin wannan mutum da aka Alexey Arkhipovich ya kasance a ja da baya. Tuni a shekarar 1992, ya jagoranci m, tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da sarari shirye-shirye. Bugu da kari, shi ne wani jami'in majalisar ba da shawara ga Board of Directors memba na daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha bankuna.

Alekseya Arhipovicha babban sha'awa, a halin yanzu zanen. A wannan yanayin, an gane da kwararru. Leonov collaborates da artist A. Sokolov, wanda ya co-wallafa jerin kudin sufurin kan sarki.

Ba wata ƙungiya zuwa Alexei Arkhipovich da kuma siyasa. Ya halin yanzu shi ne memba na Majalisar Koli na jam'iyyar kungiyar na "United Rasha". A nasa 75th birthday shi da kansa ya taya Dmitry Medvedev a lokacin aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa na Rasha.

iyali

Alekseya Leonova matar Svetlana Pavlovna ne Dotsenko, haife shi a 1940. A baya, ta yi aiki a matsayin edita a cikin wallafe-wallafe gidan na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, kuma yanzu ya yi ritaya.

A aure su yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu - Victoria (1961 p.) Kuma Oksana (1967 p.). Amma Victoria, wanda ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Jihar "Sovfraht", ya rasu a 1996 a sakamakon hepatitis da pneumonic rikitarwa. Oksana a halin yanzu aiki a matsayin mai fassara.

hali kima

Saboda haka, mun koya game da irin wannan fice hali a cikin tarihi na yadda A. A. Leonov (jannati). Tarihinsa da aka quite fuskantar: a farkon shekarun da ya fuskanci wani Stalinist danniya, kuma ritaya dandana dacin da asarar da 'yarta.

Amma, duk da dukan mishaps da cikas, Leonov ya iya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a cikin Soviet da kuma duniya cosmonautics. Shi ya aka girmama da farko lokacin da za a je cikin matsanancin sarari. Ganin yadda a lokacin zama na zabin 'yan takara, dole ne mu gane cewa za a nada irin wannan manufa wani mutum dole ne ya kasance da gaske kwarai mutuntakar. Kuma da daidaitar wannan zabi Alexei Arkhipovich tabbatar a yi.

Inflexibility halinsa da kuma aiki tukuru nuna Leonov bayan ritaya, a lokacin da, maimakon su ja da baya, ba ta gushe ba aiki aiki da kuma zamantakewa.

Shi ne mutane kamar A. A. Leonov, Rasha girman kai.