Spore samuwar - wani tsari na sporulation. misalai

A yanayi, akwai kwayoyin da cewa suna da na musamman ikon samar da spores. Kamar yadda wannan tsari ya auku, cewa irin wannan jayayyar, mai karatu zai koyi da karanta labarin.

rigingimu

Shin kwayoyin kunsha na sel guda, tare da wanda akwai multiplication da waste. Mene ne wata muhawara? A translation - wannan amfanin gona, da shuka iri. Spores ninka fungi, mosses, lichens, shuke-shuke da kuma wasu iri kwayoyin.

Rigingimu ne daban-daban. Saboda haka, a cikin shuke-shuke da fungi da suka gudanar da wani aiki na haifuwa, da kuma kwayoyin - babu. A spores da kwayoyin cuta don kare su daga m yanayi, amma ba duk kwayoyin cuta suna dauke da irin kaddarorin.

Mene ne wata muhawara? Wannan kananan kwayoyin ne sau goma kasa kwayoyin tantanin halitta da kanta, wanda shi ne kafa. Yana iya kawai halakar da wata musamman kwayoyin ko wani bude wuta.

Fahimcin muhimmancin da spores da za a envied. Wadannan microscopic kwayoyin iya dage na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekara dubu. Amma, da zarar cikin sharadi gwargwado, suna canza kama, cikin hanzari girma da kuma ninka.

Jinsunan spore-kafa kwayoyin

Spores iya samar da kawai kwayoyin-sandunansu. Dangane da girman da shawara ne:

• Bacillus - abin da ake kira micro-kwayoyin, girman hujjarsu kasa da nisa daga cikin sandunansu. Yana Forms a lokacin da kwayoyin cuta sporulation ba ya canja.
• Clostridium - shawara girma fiye da diamita daga cikin sel. Kwayoyin cutar fara kumbura kuma saya a dogara sanda-dimbin yawa.

Kan aiwatar da sporulation daga kwayoyin kamar cocci da convoluted ne musamman rare, wani togiya.

bacilli

Wannan spore-kafa kwayoyin cuta a cikin nau'i na da sandunansu, sabõda wata irin game da ɗari biyu da jinsunan. Daban-daban daga asporogenous kwayoyin fi girma size. Daga cikin bacilli da pathogenic, cutarwa ga lafiyar dan adam.

Wadannan sun hada da Anthrax, wanda shine causative wakili na antratsis - bacillus ratsa ta raunuka a kan fata da kuma yana da wani sakamako a kan mai guba da masana'anta, wanda aka hallaka bayan haka. A causative wakili na Anthrax ne kusan indestructible. Yana ba za a iya halakar da zafi, haske, da kuma sinadaran mataki. Kawai alurar riga kafi.

clostridia

Wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne spore-forming hankali, a cikin wasu kalmomi suna kira obligate. Clostridia ne manyan size da kuma siffar wani mai lankwasa sanda. Su yafi rayuwa a cikin masu rai, masu hannu da immobile. Tsohon da flagella.

Clostridium da ciwon pathogenic Properties, suna dauke da wani kwantena-superstructure. Wannan yana nufin cewa external yanayi ba tuntube da cell, shi ne a cikin kwantena.

Clostridia ne mai yawa jinsunan, wasu daga wanda zai iya samar da mai guba poisons kamar botulinum toxin - karfi kwayoyin guba. Wani misali da wani pathogenic jinsunan Clostridia ne causative jamiái na botulism, gangrene, tetanus.

Spore samuwar kwayoyin

Wannan tsari na faruwa a lokacin da kwayoyin cuta ba da isasshen ƙarfi, iska bushe mazauninsu a cikin manyan yawa žunsa cutarwa rayuwa kayayyakin, kaifi hawa da sauka a cikin zafin jiki faruwa. A takaice: sporulation - wani inji cewa tsiraru da tabbatar da kwayan rayuwa a karkashin m yanayi. TAKAITACCEN spore samuwar kunshi a gaskiyar cewa da ake dasu aiki rage-rage da kuma rage-rage tsanani da tafiyar matakai na rayuwa.

сложный процесс. Spore samuwar - wani hadadden tsari. A cytoplasm fara rasa danshi, shi condenses da aka tattara a jikin kwayoyin. Akwai an rufe tare da wani m harsashi a cikin da dama yadudduka impermeable zuwa daban-daban mafita, da kuma daukan wani nau'i na sabon samuwar madauwari, ovoid ko m, da ake kira mai spore. A wani m harsashi balagagge spores na DNA kira an rage zuwa m. Iyaye cell kwayoyin da aka halaka ta, mahaifiyar hasarar wata muhawara hali.

Kashi na harsashi a cikin jimlar nauyin spores ne hamsin cikin dari. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. Spore samuwar - dogon tsari, wanda wajibi ne domin cikar game da ashirin hours. Bayyanar Kwayoyin iya zama guda ko canza. Yana dogara a kan abin da size ne shawarwari da kuma inda aka located. Idan a tsakiyar - sa'an nan tantanin halitta ya zama kamar wani lemun tsami, wani keg ko a dogara sanda.

Spore samuwar - wani canji a cikin cell siffar matsayin karshe mataki na wani hadadden tsari. Alal misali, tetanus bacillus spores samuwar auku a karshen na cell, haddasa yana daukan kan dukan sabon nau'i, kuma ya zama kamar wani drumstick.

Spore-kafa kwayoyin mafi resistant zuwa daskarewa, da bushewa, tsawo, ko gajere tafasar, daukan hotuna zuwa sunadarai. Akwai vegetative siffofin kwayoyin samuwar kuma sporulation. Misalai na karshen: causative jamiái na cututtuka irin Anthrax, botulism, tetanus da kuma wasu saprophytic ƙasa mazaunan, wanda za a iya samu a cikin taki.

germination

Lokacin da harsashi samun shiga muhawara m yanayi domin ta, sai ta fara kumbura. Wannan tsari na faruwa idan dai da harsashi ba gaba daya hallaka. A wani lokaci a lokacin da harsashi masana'anta ta kasance an tsage, ta hanyar wannan babbar turu matasa keji da kuma a cikin external yanayi.

A cikin wannan hanya, da spores tsirar a aerobic kwayoyin. Anaerobic kwayoyin kada su rasa m cell ambulan a lokacin sporulation. Daga waje, da muhawara ba a tuntube da matsakaici, ta lamba tare da jikin tantanin faruwa. Lokacin da akwai sharadi gwargwado, na gina jiki samu shiga cikin Kwayoyin ta al'amarin. Spores germinate.

Kwayoyin cutar da abinci

Sporulation ne a ke so kwayoyin a lokacin aiki da kuma ajiya na raba kayayyakin. Idan wannan tsari daukan, domin yaki da micro-kwayoyin zai zama da wuya. Domin lalata spores a gwangwani abinci, misali, da samfurin bukatar da za a haifuwa, wanda shi ne da yawa m da inganci. Don har abada kiyaye madara, shi ne haifuwa, da kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani asarar da farko dũkiyarsu da kuma bitamin A. Don lura: dumama zafin jiki a lokacin sterilization - 120 digiri.

Pasteurization, to riƙe iyakar gina jiki, madara ne mai tsanani ga 80-90 digiri a duk. Wannan rinjayar da shiryayye rai: madara Ganĩma da sauri, don haka da spores ba su mutu ba a lokacin pasteurization, amma a maimakon haka, a dakin da zazzabi, suka germinate da kuma fara ninka hanzari, saboda abin da kuma spoiled samfurin.