The asalin da kuma tarihi na guje guje. Tarihi na guje guje a Rasha

Sport ya ko da yaushe janyo wata babbar yawan mutanen da suka yi kokarin outdo su fafatawa a gasa, da kuma tabbatar da cewa da yiwuwar su jiki ne da ya fi yadda da abokan adawar. High gogayya ga tseren kai ga farkon gasar wasannin Olympics, ciki har da mafi m wasanni. Sa'an nan, dangane da ikon lodi daga daban-daban jinsi, shi ya fara haifar da Categories cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa nauyi da haske guje guje.

Wasu lokacin da tarihi na gasar wasannin Olympics ta kunshi Legends, ba shakka, zai kasance haka ba, saboda zargin wasanni faruwa ga fiye da 2 shekara dubu da suka wuce, a lokacin da mutane gane abubuwa daban, wanda, ba shakka, rinjayi tarihin guje guje.

Tarihi na guje guje ci gaba

A gasa da aka gudanar a ko'ina, cikin wanzuwar mutãne, amma a zamanin da, mutane sun kasance sha'awar kawai ilmantar da sojoji, iya mai m asarar kawo nasara a yaƙi. Soja sha'awa a cikin ilimi na jiki ɓullo da maza hankali ya fara regenerate a wasanni wasanni, babban gudanar da gasar wadda kasance a kan jimiri da kuma ƙarfi. Daga wannan lokacin suka fara haihuwar guje guje.

A farko na lashe wasanni na guje guje (as tabbatar da bayanai) - da dafa daga Elis mai suna Koreb, wanda a 776 BC gudu ya fi sauri nesa a 1 mataki (game da 192 mita).

Guje guje a zamanin tsohuwar Girka ya daban-daban daga yau gasa, misali, shi ne a yanzu a Disc for jefawa Tã 2 kilo ga maza da kuma 1 kg ga mata, amma a zamanin da ƙafafun daban-daban a kusan duk mutunta:

1. Amfani da daban-daban kayan (itace, karfe da tagulla).
2. Bayyanar suka kuma canza (saboda unspecified dalilai).
3. A mafi muhimmanci bambancin - shi ne nauyi da cewa jeri daga 1.25 kg zuwa 6,63.

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri events daga cikin magoya ya mashin da yake kusantar da za a hade tare da soja shugabanci na wasanni, da kuma sauran na gasar tattara kasa magoya, amma kasance wani ɓangare na gasar wasannin Olympics saboda jiki dubawa damar da mutum ruhu.

Modern guje guje

A zamanin d gasar wasannin Olympics ta kasance sosai daban-daban daga abin da muka gani a yanzu, saboda da rinjayar mutane, da bangaskiyarsu da kuma dangantaka da gasar.

A tarihin ci gaban da guje guje a halin yanzu tsari ya fara a 1837. Modern gasar "sauki" wasanni fara bayan na farko da tseren a Ingila a zagaye na 2 kilomita. Championship da aka gudanar tsakanin Rugby kwalejin dalibai, da kuma bayan cewa ya fara yada a cikin wasu cibiyoyin da biranen: Oxford, London, Cambridge da sauransu. Sa'an nan da wasanni fara don ƙara sauran gasanni: 1851 - tsallake badake da wani Gudun tsawon, 1864 - kwaya da kuma amai da guduma, steeplechase da sauran jiki gasar.

A 1865 a London ya kafa duniya na farko mai kira kulob din, wanda ya samu gasar na kasar a cikin daban-daban wasanni. Bayan shekaru 3, New York Picks sama da ra'ayin na Birtaniya da 'yan wasa da kuma tsara da nasu jam'iyya cewa zai fara popularization na gasar a babban yankin na New World.

Sauran kasashen Turai sun gane kadan daga baya cewa wasanni janyo hankalin mai babbar yawan mutane, kuma ya fara rike gasa a 1880, da kuma ta 90th shekara na wannan karni da dukan Turai ya kasance a cikin "ikon" na wasanni.

Guje guje gasa, bayan farkon popularization, gudanar musamman a cikin kowace kasa, da kuma kawai a 1896 Athens gasar wasannin Olympics da aka gudanar gaskiya, wanda kunshi 12 daban-daban gasa da kuma hada kasashe da dama.

Amurkawa 'yan wasa guje guje da aka shirya a matakin qarshe a kusan kowane irin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma samun mafi yawan kyautuka, daga lokacin da suka zo shirye da kuma kai wa ga irin wadannan gasa.

Amurka ta nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin ta farko gasar Olympics , sa'an nan rike da manyan matsayi a cikin yawan cin nasara, amma ba kamar yadda wasu kasashe sun gano muhimmancin wannan taron da kuma shirya nan gaba zakarun a nasu shirye-shirye.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na guje guje da yake riƙe da yawa zakarun, kuma amma mafi yawansu duk na tuna da farko nasara: R. Juri (Champion 2 da kuma 3 Olympic iyakacin duniya-sarari), Orter, Mathias, Thorpe da Owens (zakara a cikin sau uku Jump gasar wasannin Olympics), Korzeniowski (hudu-lokaci lashe a kan tseren tafiya) da kuma sauran masu cin nasara, wanda zai zama ko da yaushe na farko, tun da suka fara da haihuwa na zamani da wasanni.

Nasarori guje guje da 'yan wasa

A farko, da shirya, da 'yan wasa da kuma magoya ne kawai farin ciki da kuma tuna nasarori, amma bayan wani lokaci a albarku ba kawai ya lashe amma kuma cimma sakamako mafi kyau a cikin tarihi na wasanni.

A ko'ina cikin tsawon lokacin wasan ne kullum kafa sabon records for guje guje, amma bambancin da ke tsakanin su ya ta'allaka ne da cewa mafiya yawa - wannan wani qananan Figures wanda aka rinjãye a lokaci daya. wasu da aka dukan tsiya da dama na shekaru. amma akwai wadanda suka har yanzu ba zai iya doke wani gasa.

A farko tarihi a duniya, wanda ya kasance mafi kyau a gare shekaru 20 - shi ne mai Jump na Dan wasan Amurka a tsawon (8 mita 90 santimita), amma mafi ƙwarai abu da baya rikodin ya kasa da rabin mita.

A tarihin yanã gudãna a gudun fanfalaki ne mai babbar nasara, wanda ba zai iya wuce wannan rana - wannan tseren a kan 100 da mita 200. Da rikodin-mariƙin a cikin wannan horo ne American mai gudu Florence Griffith Joyner, wanda buga kawai biyu sakamakon: mita 100 ta gudu domin 10,49 seconds da kuma mita 200 a kawai 21,34 seconds.

A gasar wasannin Olympics a yau, babu mafi tsanani gasar, jerin kunshi kusan na musamman na huhu events. Ainihin yãƙi, wanda yana da babban yawan wins da records da kuma wanda yake shi ne mai arziki a cikin guje guje - Marathon. Irin wannan shahararsa ake dangantawa da 'yan wasa, daga Nijeriya, kullum canja littafin records da kuma janyo hankalin mai babbar yawan magoya.

Mata a guje guje

Tun da farkon samuwar na zamani guje guje gasa duk aka mayar da hankali kawai a kan mutãne, kuma mata da aka ba a yarda ya shiga a cikin gasar, amma bayan karni na zamani marathons abubuwa sun canza, kuma akwai wata "m" guje guje. "Sarauniya na Sports" a farko shi ne dan kadan m, amma a kan lokaci da wasanni da ya zo da wata babbar yawan mata.

A farko hamayya tare da sa hannu na mace ya faru a 1928, amma kawai zuwa 96 ga watan shekara na yawan hanya da kuma filin gasar da mataye suka je wurin nuna a 20 jinsunan.

Cikakken ga gaci amanar shirya na da wasanni kawai 1999, lokacin da 'yan wasa sun kasance a Sydney guduma jħfa da iyakacin duniya vault.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na guje guje a Rasha

A Rasha Empire ya a wani sauri ya dauki bangare a cikin gasar wasannin Olympics, da kuma riga da Tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1952 ya kawo 'yan wasa da wasanni da ya kahu sosai da kanta kan daidai da Amurka. Competition da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka da aka haifi wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce, kuma Yã ƙarfafa gasar a wanda mu 'yan wasa har yanzu samar da babbar gasar ga dukkan kasashen duniya.

Gaskiyar cewa Rasha watsi da duniya ta soyayya wasanni, ba ya nufin da cikakken rashi na gasar. A kasar mu, tarihin hanya da kuma filin ya fara da farko magoya, wanda a 1888, a St. Petersburg shirya wani da'irar. A shekara daga baya, da wasanni al'umma zo da sunan "Society of a guje masu goyon baya."

Petersburg da'irar da sauri samun 'yan wasa da kuma kallo, kuma kamar wani shekara daga baya suka canja sunan kuma ci gaba da aiki a matsayin wasanni cibiyar na Rasha Empire. Bayan kungiyar na al'umma dauki a total na shekaru biyar, bayan da lokaci cikin da'irar ya girma sosai cewa ya fara kara sauran wasanni, da kuma a 1895 da tarihi na guje guje a Rasha rubuta kamar yadda shekarar da farko manyan-sikelin wasanni, inda 10,000 magoya zo.

Rasha da aka ba a cikin sauri don shiga da duniya guje guje gasar, amma ta fitarwa yana nufin rushewar 'yan wasa a duk faɗin duniya, kamar yadda evidenced nasarori da tebur, inda ya Tarayyar Soviet a kusan dukkan wasannin da kudin a farko line, amma a yau, da mu da' yan wasa ba su nuna sakamakon da zai iya samu a cikin tarayyar Soviet.

Control na doping a guje guje

Tarihi na guje guje san wata babbar lamba na suspensions saboda doping, da kuma halin da ake ciki shi ne wannan har yanzu ba a warware, saboda 'yan wasa so ya zama mafi kyau, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna kokarin tabbatar da magabaci ta hanyar rigakafi.

Don saka idanu da 'yan wasa (a Bugu da kari ga likita jarrabawa) halitta kungiyar "IAAF", ba ka damar duba tarihin dan wasa domin duk likita Nazarin, ba alaka da Olympics.

Iya haifar da wata babbar dama misalai na "kamawa a doping", wanda yake shi ne mai arziki a cikin tsalle: tsallake badake (2012 - disqualification contender for samu lambar zinariya), Walking (2014 - Disqualification 4 'yan wasa daga kasar Rasha), yanã gudãna (2014 - disqualification na dan wasa) kazalika da yawa wasu misalai na take hakki da dokokin.

"IAAF" katin tsarin raya dangane da matakin da wani likita Nazarin waje gasar, duk da haka, dan wasa zai iya shiga ba tare da katin, amma a cikin wannan hali ya kuwa ba ta karɓe tsabar kudi kyaututtuka da kuma yi nagartacce kawai ga sha'awa.

Ko da yake a lokacin da ake ji wa wani katin da dan wasa ya tabbatar da cewa shi madawwama ta dokoki da kuma a yanayin saukan lashe goyon bayan kungiyar "IAAF" a kokarin da suke sarrafa, har yanzu akwai 'yan wasa da suka yi watsi da wannan kuma dauki dope, faduwa daga gasar.

Asalin gudun fanfalaki

Tarihi na guje guje fara gudu, da kuma a yau da ya fi rare hanya da kuma filin wasanni ne a gudun fanfalaki tseren, wanda ya samo asali da halittar gasar wasannin Olympics a kan quite kyau labari.

Legend marathon: "Near karamin gari na Marathon Greek dakarun gaba daya ci Persian makiya da kuma sanar da Athens aika wani Manzo, suka gudu ba tare da tsayawa 40 kilomita, da kuma a kan isowa kawai da lokacin da za a ihu cewa sun lashe, sa'an nan kuma nan da nan ya mutu."

Wannan labari da aka tabbatar da nesa, wanda ya gudu da 'yan wasa marathon tsoho gasar wasannin Olympic - 40 kilomita, kuma shi ne guda nesa ya daga Athens zuwa birnin Marathon, amma masana kimiyya shakka cewa Helenawa iya haka daidai auna nesa, amma saboda Masarawa ko ta yaya gina m dala.

Long-nesa a guje (marathon) ba a iyakance ga tazarar kilomita 40, kuma shi ne mafi girman nisa na mata wanda zai iya shiga a gudun fanfalaki da ultramarathon, wanda ya hada da guje guje ( "Sarauniyar wasanni"). Takara a gudun fanfalaki ya kamata a gudanar da har zuwa yiwu a majalisa ta zauna lokaci. A wannan wasa zama kawai lokaci Frames a matsayin 2, 12 hours a rana, 2 kwana da kwanaki 6 ga abin da 'yan wasa za su iya gudu daga 50 zuwa 1,500 kilomita.

Jigon da gudun fanfalaki a babban nisa - ba gudu da sauri fiye da kowa, da kuma motsa daga jefa kushin a mafi girma zai yiwu nesa a cikin majalisa ta zauna lokaci. Wannan irin guje guje da wuya dangana ga haske, saboda 'yan wasa ba kamar gudu 2:00, suka gudu babbar nisa ba tare da hutu ga wata rana ko kwanaki da dama, gaba daya m kansu da kuma haddasa jiki zuwa wani hatsari yanayin.

Tabbatar da dalilin da nasara na duk-zagaye

Wasanni a farkon talifin da yawa daban-daban kuma suna harhada cikin Categories. Tarihi na guje guje ya ambaci da yawa daban-daban kungiyoyin da aka asali kafa don ƙarin nisha da kuma iri-iri, amma bayan wani lokaci saita a duk-kusa gasar da aka mayar da hankali a kan selection daga cikin mafi m ci gaban da 'yan wasa. Helenawa sosai yaba da cin nasara, kuma ya bude duk kofofin domin su, da kuma wani matsayi a gwamnatin.

The Olympic gasa da pentathlon, Zakarun kuma heptathlon, kuma lashe ka bukatar ka score more maki fiye da gasar, kuma ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta a kan da dama tarbiyya. Duk da haka, akwai jayayya, a lokacin da daidai ba a san wanda shi ne na farko ba, amma shi samar da mai sauki dagawa. Photography ne kawai hujja na nasarar wani dan wasa da kadan kadaici daga abokin gaba, amma shi ne mai yiwuwa yanzu don duba hoto gama, kuma da zaran shata batun - shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba.

A dangane da siga halin da ake ciki ne kusan cikakken rabo na mutum capabilities (Dubi rubutu.) Kuma high gasar, 'yan wasan zo da nisa daga' yan kasarun adadi na biyu na juna, don haka da photo gama da aka rayayye yi amfani da duk wani nau'i na wasanni.

Lura. A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, bayan shekaru 40, bil'adama za su isa matsakaicin iya aiki na jiki da kuma ba za su iya kafa sabuwar duniya records a gasa a jiki damar iya yin komai.

Guinness Littafi na Records don guje guje

Sport tam nasaba da rikodin, wanda aka cika da tarihin guje guje, kuma ba tare da su a can ba zai zama daya daga girma da kuma shahararsa na dindindin canji na wasanni.

Guinness World Records da aka kirkiro kawai 59 shekaru da suka wuce don nishadantar da baƙi na mashaya daga "Guinness" da sauran giya masoya, da farko version buga, ba kawai don sanar da warware gardama yanayi magoya a wasanni sanduna, amma kuma ga nisha, saboda haka ya samu funny records.

Brewery, domin littattafai, da kuma ban zaton wannan shahararsa, amma a na farko kamar wata biyu, tallace-tallace kai 5000, kuma ta farkon '56 na karni na 20th ya sayar miliyan 5 records collections.

Lura. Records littafin ba kawai ya bayyana nasarorin da mutane, amma kuma ya nuna a hoto na records, amma idan wallafa yi tunanin ordinal rubuce-rubuce records, sa'an nan shi ne da tarihi na guje guje za a nuna. A takaice dukkan abubuwan da suka faru, dã sun yarda mutane zuwa waƙa da shahararsa na wasanni, amma a yau wadannan bayanai ne ba haka rare, saboda Internet ya nuna duk da nasarorin a kusa da hakikanin lokaci.

A fili, saboda gaskiyar cewa Rasha ne wajen marigayi (a 1955) ya fara bayyana a duniya matakin na wasanni gasa da kuma nuna kadan ban sha'awa (ko da yake ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako), Littafi na Records da aka fassara a cikin Rasha harshen kawai a 1989.

Sa'an nan, da shahararsa fara tashi mafi girma da kuma mafi girma, wanda shi ne saboda rashin kudi da akai da kuma cikakken bayani a lokacin, da kuma littafin - mai tarin dukan wasa nasarori a wuri guda. A karshen, don samun a cikin jerin zakarun bukatar kawai su karya da rikodin, ko aikata wani abu m, cewa babu wanda ya aikata a al'ada yanayi da kuma, in general, ba kowa da kowa za a yanke shawarar a kan wannan.

Kawai sa, da tarihi na Guinness Littafi na Records ba kawai hade tare da guje guje, ta fara samar a kudi na waɗanda wasanni da suke da mafi shahara tsakanin mutane, da kuma kawai sai ya fara dauki sauran, a wasu lokuta, mahaukaci, records mutane da damar.

Guje guje a cikin 21st Century

Wasannin Olympics a yau a babban taron ga duk kasashe na duniya, da yawa daga cikinsu na kokarin samun amincewar shirya, kuma ku ciyar da wadannan muhimmanci kwana a cikin filayen wasa na garuruwansu. Duk da haka, da yawa ba su gane hatsarin gasar daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi da kuma wani misali na wannan - halittawa guje guje - Helenawa. A gasar wasannin Olympics a kasar Girka, ya jagoranci kasar zuwa ga wani rikicin da buga daga cikin al'ummai duka kudade sa ƙasar a cikin mummunar jihar, daga abin da ya fito a 'yan shekaru, kuma har yanzu murmurewa daga cikin tattalin arziki halin kaka.

Guje guje da kuma wani wasan shagala zo cewa a yau wuya a doke abokan adawar records, kuma mafi yawan samu nasara ba zai iya maimaita su nasarori. Yana gaya na matsaloli da suka zo don guje guje. Tsalle, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa, amai abubuwa da kuma sauran wasanni oversaturated records, bil'adama shi ne a cikin manyan matakai, da ci gaba ne haka azumi cewa talakawa mutane ba su da lokacin da za a duba fasahar kanta, amma masana kimiyya yi wani sabon abu. All events kawai tabbatar da suke cewa nan da sannu za a yi rikodin cewa za a iya doke, da kuma mutane za su zo zuwa ganiya da su jiki damar iya yin komai.

Alal misali, da cewa mutane ne a cikin iyaka na iya aiki, za su iya zama a matsayin hanyar tantance masu cin nasara, abin da ya sa m amfani da guje guje. Photos - kadai zaɓi don kayyade lashe, domin a yau Bench tsanani gasar da babu 'yan wasa da suka fice a kan abokan adawar 2, 3, da kuma fiye da haka 5 seconds, da kuma gwagwarmaya ne domin ta goma da kuma wani lokacin har hundredths na biyu ne.