Ballistic makami mai linzami "Sineva": halaye da kuma bayanin

Back a cikin karni na 19th, da farko ƙoƙari su sanya linzami a kan submarines da aka dauka. A ra'ayin nasa ne da Rasha m K. A. Shilderu. Bisa ga aikin a Alexandrovsky foundry a watan Maris 1834 aka gina shi "roka" submarine. Amma shi bai taba aka soma da Rasha na mallaka Navy. Duk da haka, ra'ayin haihuwa da makamai masu linzami covertly submarine da aka ɓullo da a ci gaban sauran soja injiniyoyi. Musamman mai ban sha'awa daga wannan ra'ayi na mai linzami "Sineva".

Karkashin ruwa makami na biya

III Reich kuma kokarin aiwatar da ra'ayin ƙaddamar da makamai masu linzami daga wani submarine a yi. Saboda haka, a cikin tsakiyar Peenemunde bazara na 1942. U-511 submarine ya tuba don wannan manufa. Don wannan karshen, da roka - m mahakar zamo 280 mm da kuma 210 mm - An kammala.

Har ila yau ta gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin abin da harbi da aka za'ayi a zurfin tsakanin 9 da 15 mita. A wannan yanayin, da iyakar kewayo na da makami mai linzami ya cikin 4 km.

Harbe-harben Sakamakon haka nasara da cewa a cikin gwajin rahoton ya nuna yiwuwar ake ji gefen yajin ta Jamus submarines a kan American Coast.

The "Kalaman"

Lokacin da aiki na ƙaddamar da makamai masu linzami daga submarines bukatar da za a dauka a asusun da yawa aka gyara. Wadannan sun hada da:

• rocketry.
• karkashin ruwa Shipbuilding.
• Kaddamar da makamai masu linzami.
• iko a jirgin.

sadu da wadannan kalubale da aikin ya karbi lambar "Kalaman", da kuma a watan Oktoba 1948 injiniya V. Ganin aka mika wani kirkiro ta takardar shaidar. An lura da ikon kaddamar da makamai masu linzami daga wurare mabambanta:

• a kwance,
• tsaye
• karkata.

Dalili duk da makamai masu linzami zama a duniya na farko sarrafawa-dabara P-11. Ta yi wani yawan abũbuwan amfãni:

• Exposure zuwa cika jihar.
• kananan size.
• amfani da matsayin oxidizing wakili aka gyara bisa nitric acid.

Duk wannan ya taimaka wajen rage wuya da aiki irin wadannan makamai.

Karkashin ruwa farko, a cikin abin da R-21 da aka amfani da ruwa roka ya faru a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Sai ya zama a shekarun 1960s. A wannan yanayin, a fara da submarine makamai masu linzami da aka sanya yiwu tare da karkashin ruwa zurfin 40 zuwa 50 mita.

"Sineva"

Yana mallaka na musamman siffofin inji P-29RM, wanda aka fi sani a matsayin mai ballistic harsashi "The blue".

Yana solves da dama matsaloli:

• Hakika gyara a kan sakonni na tauraron dan adam.
• jirgin hanyar canza dangane da nesa.
• da ikon siddan sanya warheads daban-daban manufofin.
• da yin amfani da makamai masu linzami a cikin Arctic.

The yiwuwar wuta daga Arewa iyakacin duniya da aka nuna a watan Satumba 2006 makami mai linzami dako "Yekaterinburg". makami mai linzami "Sineva" da aka yi amfani da a farko-up.

Submarine "Tula"

A ra'ayin na ajiye dogon zango da makamai masu linzami a kan submarines An cikakken aiwatar a nukiliya submarine "Tula".

Don shigar da makami mai linzami "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), daga Yuni 2000 zuwa Afrilu 21, 2004 "Tula" ya dauki mai zurfi na zamani, wanda ya taimaka kara da stealth submarine. Yana da aka inganta lantarki da makamai. Kuma ya karu jirgin survivability tsarin, wanda ya hada da makaman nukiliya aminci.

"Tula" yana karkashin ruwa gudu na 24 kullin (44 km / hr) a matsakaicin nutsewa zurfin 650 mita. The m kewayawa, zai iya zama kwanaki 90 tare da wata ƙungiya daga 140 mutane.

Makamai submarine ma m. Bugu da kari a ballistic harsashi "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) da kuma 16 launchers for submarine sanye take da torpedo shambura. Har ila yau, a kan jirgin ne MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Domin suna da wani tunani na girma na aji nukiliya submarine "Tula", ya ambaci iya sanya da kuma har yanzu mafi girma tsawon (a kan zane waterline) - 167,4 mita! A tsawon filin kwallon kafa, msl, 120 mita.

Bayan da haɓaka da submarine "Tula" ya yi linzami da jefa "Sineva" a cikin Barents Sea a hari a Equatorial Pacific. Bayan kawar da 11.547 km hari da aka samu nasarar buga.

Features "Sineva"

Uku-mataki makami mai linzami, kafa ta shãfe haske kewaye a cikinsa, saukarwa aka shirya sequentially. Boosters "nutsar" a cikin LRE tankuna guda hada taro a wanda tanki-shared tsarin.

Lokacin da makami mai linzami nauyin 40.3 m tsawon na 14,8 mita. Domin rubutu a fara shaft PL diamita rage zuwa 1.9 m, da taro na kawai babban bangare ne daidai to 2.8 m.

Daya daga cikin siffofin da roka ne ta babban shugaban bangaren, wanda aka hada da hudu da goma tubalan. Saboda haka, kowace daga cikinsu yana da mutum shiriya.

Idan da makamai masu linzami da ake amfani da su a da ba makaman nukiliya rikici, da shugaban bangaren sanye take da wani babban m fragmentation warhead cika, wanda Tã yi game da 2 tons. Wadannan tsarin da wani na kwarai fasalin - high-daidaici halakar hari.

Makami mai linzami "Sineva", da halaye na wanda muka la'akari iya sanye take da makaman nukiliya warhead ultrasmall size ( TNT m na 50 ton). Wannan ba ka damar amfani da m buga a wurin da aka bayar.

"Hango" harbe-harben da kewayon

Intercontinental makami mai linzami "The blue" kunshe a cikin makamai masu linzami da D-9RM. Suna dauke da makamai nukiliya submarines 667BRDM aikin (NATO rarrabuwa Delta-IV).

A hadaddun kansa ya kan promvooruzhenie a shekarar 1986. Amma daga 1996 zuwa 1999, da batun makamai masu linzami tsaya. Kuma a 1999 su samar aka koma a sake a modernized version.

Tare da ci gaba da kewayon da makami mai linzami "Sineva" wuce Manuniya na Amurka tsarin wannan aji ( "Trident-2"), wanda za a iya shawo kan shãmaki 11 kilomita dubu. A ajiye a nesa ba shi da wani daya makami mai linzami a duniya.

A lokaci guda a hukumance furuci da cewa kewayon "Sineva" shi ne 8300 km. Tun lokacin da jiragen aka sanya makami mai linzami gabatar da blue?

Kwamandan a Chief na Rasha Vladimir Navy Vysotsky aka sanar da cewa wannan canji da makamai masu linzami dauke da makamai nukiliya submarines aiki a kan fama wajibi a tekuna. Kawai 7 na makami mai linzami aikin da aka samu ta hanyar da Rasha Navy.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic harsashi "Bulava" ya kamata su ba da submarine type "Northwind", wanda shi ne samuwa 12 makami mai linzami silos.

Wannan tsarin na daidaita yi tare da kasa-tushen makami mai linzami gidaje "Topol-M". A wannan yanayin, "Bulava" da radius daga cikin jirgin ya kai 8000 km, a wani nauyi na 36,8 ton na makamai masu linzami. Nukiliya warheads yana da mahara warheads. Karkata fara damar karkashin ruwa tashi su "tafi."

A cewar ta halaye makami mai linzami "Bulava" da kuma "Sineva" sosai kama da jũna kawai a cikin irin propulsion engine. A cikin "Bulava" Shi ne m, da kuma "Sineva" - ruwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa a mataki na karshe na makami mai linzami jirgin "mace" da aka yi amfani da fluidic mota, samar da ƙarin damar da za ka kara gudun da maneuvering.

M aikace-aikace ballistic makamai masu linzami

Chanza shirin outboard ballistic makamai masu linzami da suke da dalilin da zane na wannan dako a matsayin "Kalaman" da kuma "kwantar da hankula".

Hakika, da suka rasa a su damar, "Union" da "proton", amma shi ne sosai saba da kumbon sama jannati bayarwa a cikin low Duniya falaki.

Wadannan gidaje a matsayin "kwantar da hankula" da "Kalaman" suka yadu da aka sani godiya ga cewa su aka halitta a kan tushen da R-29R (makami mai linzami "Sineva").

A 1991-1993, Rasha submariners aka sanya uku yana farawa da irin abin jifa ga suborbital yanayin.

Abin da kuma zai iya zama da muhimmanci a lura? Chanza irin makamai masu linzami da "Sineva" ko da samu a cikin littafin Guinness World Records a matsayin fi sauri-mail.

7 ga Yuni, 1995 tare da taimakon m roka R-29R tare da wani sa na kimiyya kayan aiki da aka kaddamar da Rasha nukiliya-powered icebreaker "Ryazan". A kan jirgin, kuma ma sa e-mail rubutu. Bayan minti 20, yawo 9000 km, da kwantena da aka yi nasarar isa zuwa Kamchatka.