George Cross 4 digiri: tarihi da kuma siffofin da coinage

George Cross 4 digiri da aka kafa a matsayin mafi girma da lambar yabo, wanda ya girmama 'yan ƙananan darajõji a cikin rundunar sojojin Rasha Empire. An bayar da kawai ga sirri ƙarfin hali a fagen yaƙi. Duk da cewa wannan lambar yabo ne riga fiye da shekara ɗari biyu, ta ba da sunan - St. George ta Cross - shi ya samu a lokaci daya. Yana bayyana ne kawai a 1913 tare da amincewar sabunta guzuri na Order of St. George.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

A tsakiyar Fabrairu 1807 ya buga na Highest Shelar, wanda ya tsayar da kayan ado. Shi ya daga baya sake masa suna da George Cross. A 1833, a zamanin mulkin Nicholas I, akwai bukatar ya dauko wani sabon doka na St. George ta Order. Yana dauke da dama sababbin abubuwa a kan awards crosses soja abun da ke ciki. Alal misali, yanzu wakiltar zuwa kwamandojin lada iya sojojin da shugabannin raba housings. Wannan simplification na hanya da yawa yuwuwa kyautar kanta, kuma ya kusan shafe dukan komai haqqinsa jinkiri.

A gaba bidi'a - matsakaicin ƙãrã wa albashi na sojoji da kuma wadanda ba izini jami'an, kazalika da hakkin ya sa giciye na St. George da baka. Wannan bambancin da aka riga da bayyanar division awards a dama matakan.

Lambar yabo ta farko, gabatar a 1807, aka ba ƙidaya. Wannan kuskure fara gyara kawai bayan shekaru biyu a lokacin da suka yanke shawarar yin jerin dukan Cavaliers. Domin wannan lambar yabo na dan lokaci kãma sa'an nan lissafa. Saboda haka daidai an san cewa akwai 9937 kofe. Saboda wannan, kuma a yanzu za ka iya gano wanda aka mika su ga daya ko sauran George Cross (sa 4). By yawan da kuma irin font ne sauki domin sanin lokacin to wanda ya lashe kyautar. A farko World yawan kwaci crosses wuce miliyan 1, saboda haka da baya da baya medallions a kan babba ray da daraja nadi 1 / M.

taƙaitaccen bayanin

George Cross 4 digiri bayyana ne kawai a watan Maris 1856, a lokacin da matsayi na Order of St. George kara canje-canje da aka yi. Da farko 1 da aji 2 da aka yi da zinariya, da wasu biyu - na azurfa. Bisa ga doka alheri dole ne faruwa sequentially. Bugu da kari, domin kowane na digiri na da kansa musamman lambobin da aka ɓullo da, da kuma na kara gani bambanci ko da baka sanya na St. George kintinkiri.

Bayan da yawa na awarding sojoji m sabis a cikin Turkish War of 1877-1878 kan sarki cewa an yi amfani da su Mint coinage, an yanke shawarar hažaka. A saboda wannan dalili medalist A. A. Grilihes sanya wasu canje-canje da image na gicciye. A sa'an nan da wadannan fitattun abubuwa sun samu bayyanar, wanda tsira har da 1917 juyin juya halin. Bugu adadi sadarwa. George sabunta kan medallions zama fiye da ma'ana.

gata

A sabon Dokoki na 1913, a cikin wasu abubuwa bayar, da kuma rayuwa izni. Saboda haka sãka musu da George Cross 4th digiri samu 36 rubles, da farko - riga 120. A wannan yanayin, da masu dama awards biya ko fensho karuwa biyu da mafi fifiko. Knights na Cross na St. George 4 darajõji, kuma kawai bayar da wannan fifiko da wani yawan gata, kamar haramta amfani da su kofur azãba.

masana'antu siffofin

Tuni a cikin Afrilu 1914, akwai crosses na St. George 4 digiri na sabon samfurin. Oda su Mint sa suna a cikin fall na 1913. Su aka yi nufi ga bayarwa ga mahalarta na soja expeditions da kan iyaka masu gadi. Tun Yuli 1914, a lokacin da farko Duniya, da Mint fara Mint yafi crosses. Don ƙarin saurin aiwatar da farko yi amfani da ko da da wadanda medallions cewa har yanzu da Japan yaki. Kawai a lokacin shekarar farko na sojojin aiko game da 1.5 dubu crosses na farko dubu mafi 3 - .. The biyu, 26 th -. The uku da na hudu mafi girma a adadin - 170 dubu kofe ..

Saboda sharply ya karu bukatar da George Cross daga daraja karafa da wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a kasar a cikin bazara na 1915 da aka yanke shawarar rage yawan zinariya samfurori amfani ga wadannan dalilai, don haka mafi girma mataki na soja da kayan ado da aka yi na musamman gami. A abun da ke ciki shi ya ƙunshi kawai 60% zinariya tsantsa.

An fara daga Oktoba 1916, kuma ya aikata tsada karafa sun janye daga gami amfani a yi na duk ba tare da togiya, Rasha awards. Daga yanzu, da George Cross 4 digiri riga minted kawai daga nickel azurfa da ja tagulla, da kuma ta haskoki sun letters: BM - mai farin karfe, da kuma LM - rawaya. Kafin juyin juya halin na 1917. Gwamnatin wucin ƙyale bada wannan lambar yabo a matsayin sojoji da kuma jami'an, da karshen kan tef ma pinned a Laurel reshe.