Hydra - a HALITTAR na ruwa tare sessile coelenterates na aji hydroid

A zamanin d yaren, da hydra muguwar dodo da mahara shugabannin, wanda ya yi girma da sauri, idan suka yanke da su. Modern wakilan coelenterates yawa karami da kuma ga wani mutum gaba daya lafiya. Amma da suka samu da sunan da godiya ga mai kyau ikon regenerate. Sun iya cikakken mai da jikin da ya microscopic part. Ta yaya za a iya shirya wadannan ban mamaki dabbobi?

mazauninsu

Hydra - shi ne wakilin da irin Coelenterates, wanda ya hada da game da 10,000 zamani nau'in. Yana da wani kananan polyp, wanda girma ne game da 2 cm, wanda yana rayuwa da attaching zuwa support. Kamar yadda substrate, shi an fi son algae ko ruwa tare kasa a wadda ba a halin yanzu.

jiki fasali

hydra jiki yana da wani cylindrical siffar. Its ƙananan part aka kira da tafin kafa. A daura da karshen na jiki ne tentacles.

Hydra - kwayoyin da cewa yana da wani radial fasali. Idan daga bakin zuwa gindin wani kirkirarren axis, da tentacles zai diverge kamar yadda haskoki.

hanji rami

Sunan da irin wadannan kwayar dabbobi samu godiya ga ciki na cylindrical jiki na hanji kogo. A bakin shi ta hanyar abinci ta shiga. A nan ya zo ta narkewa. coelenterates jiki bango kunshi biyu yadudduka na jiki: waje da ciki. Tsakãninsu akwai wani Layer na extracellular matrix wanda yana da wani nau'i na bakin ciki farantin.

ectoderm

A matsanancin Layer aka kira coelenterates jiki ectoderm. Ka yi la'akari da abin da halittarsa hydra Kwayoyin. Sama da duka, wannan fata-murdede. Mun gode wa raguwa, da hydra jiki ne m da za a matsa da kuma ga karkatar zuwa gefe. Tsakanin su akwai jijiya Kwayoyin ciwon star-dimbin yawa - neurons. Danganta su tafiyar matakai, sai suka samar da wani plexus. Saboda wannan tsarin, da dangantaka ne da za'ayi na dukan kwayoyin da yanayi.

Abin da hydra Kwayoyin iya raba? Da farko tsakiya ba. By aiki za a iya kwatanta ta da Tsarin ilimi masana'anta shuke-shuke. Wannan al'ada da ilimi, wanda an kafa ta rarraba duk sauran cell iri. Su gaban sa wani babban mataki ne na farfadowa daga polyps - ikon mai da batattu ko lalace sassan jiki.

"Business Card" Hydra

Hydra - a polyp, wanda, kamar dukan coelenterates, da harbin Kwayoyin. Saboda kasancewarsu ne na hali kawai don irin wannan dabba, harbin Kwayoyin ne "ya kira katin" na polyps da jellyfish.

Its bijiro da batun kafa sassa - wani kwantena da azanci shine hairs da spirally Twisted thread. Ya ƙunshi wani abu, paralyzing da azabtar. Lokacin da guda-celled, kifi soya ko kananan Shellfish ne m gashi, thread unwinds da cizon cikin jiki na wanda aka azabtar. A wannan yanayin, da cell kanta aka kashe. More, shi ba zai iya yi ta aiki. Cell division hydra, musamman, tsaka-tsakin, samar da ci gaba zargin sabon harbin Kwayoyin.

entoderm

A ciki Layer na jiki da aka mamaye da kuma kayan hanji da glandular Kwayoyin. Ta hanyar su mataki raba kwayoyin abubuwa. Suna da flagella, da wanda halitta akai akai ruwa da abinci barbashi an a cikin na musamman vacuoles. A cikin wadannan abinci narkewa tsari ne kammala.

rayuwa tafiyar matakai Features

Duk da cewa da hydra - a jiki, wani abu gyarawa hanyar rayuwa, shi ne iya motsi. Yana kama wani Acrobat a cikin circus. Da farko hydra leans daya gefen, sa'an nan, kamar dai shi, "tsaye a kan ta," bisa substrate tentacles. Bugu da ari sake saukar da uwa da tafin kafa. A kan wani lebur surface hydra iya slide.

A tsari na numfashi ta hanyar da abũbuwan rufi. Domin wannan hydra yana amfani da oxygen narkewa a cikin ruwa.

Jijiya Kwayoyin suna iya gane ruri daga yanayi, zuwa fasalin shi a cikin jijiyar da za'ayi a dukan sassa na jiki. Wadannan su ne na farko kwayar dabbobi da suke iya sauki reflexes. Idan ka taba wani allura kaifi polyp, jikinsa shrinks. Wannan sauki m reflex ne jiki ta mayar da martani ga ruri.

Abin da hydra Kwayoyin iya raba, za mu iya la'akari da misalin polyps haifa. A lokacin bazara hydra vegetatively karbe shi ta amfani budding. Da farko, a kananan protrusion aka kafa a jikinsa. Sa'an nan wannan toho ke tsiro, ƙarshe rabu da juna biyu kwayoyin da kuma fara wani m zama. A cikin fall, saboda rage ruwa da yanayin zafi da kuma rashin na gina jiki dake tasowa kare. Hydra ke zuwa jima'i haifuwa. Daga cikin su akwai kuma iri guda ba mutane, ya kuma dauke da lalurar mata - kwayoyin suke iya kafa biyu namiji da mace jam sel. Domin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa halayyar waje hadi. Namiji kaciya maniyyi Kwayoyin suna located a cikin ruwa da kuma alaka da qwai wanda kasance daure su da iyaye kwayoyin. A sakamakon haka, kafa zygote mai rufi m membranes. Bayan haka, manya mutu. A qwai nutse a kasa, inda suka ciyar da hunturu. Tare da farko na dumi kakar sun zo matasa polyps.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem ba samuwa. Kadaici faruwa ta hanyar da matsanancin Layer na sel a farko ciki yi a cikin hanji lumen, daga abin da ta bakin mika zahiri.

M division hydra kayyade su ikon regenerate. Empirically, an tabbatar da cewa, polyp ne iya gaba daya warke daga duk wani sashi na jiki: tentacles tafin kafa tara Kwayoyin kazalika daga slurry.

Ruwa tare polyp (Hydra) - a jiki wanda farfadowa nazari shi ne farkon sabuwar kimiyya - gwajin ilmin dabbobi. Wannan dabba da aka farko da aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen kimiyya da kirkiro na microscope, Antoni Van Levenguk, tsanaki sunan irin wannan ba Karl Linney. Ya unshi labarin da harkokinmu na Hercules. A cewar tsoho yaren, ya lashe wani Multi-gangarawa Lernaean hydra. Ta aka Magana game da masanin kimiyya, tun da shi ma yana da ikon regenerate. A site na da ciwo mai tsananin shugaban kawai ya girma wani sabon daya. Its mu gwarzo binne a ƙasa, ya yi da daya daga cikin goma sha biyun harkokinmu.

Wasu jinsunan ne iya samar da wata symbiosis da unicellular kore algae zoohlorellami. An tabbatar da cewa a polyp iya zama 'yan watanni a cikin haske zama ba tare da abinci.

Hydra ne wakilin Coelenterates type, wanda aka halin da jiki da ciwon biyu yadudduka na musamman Kwayoyin da rami a cikin abin da narkewa kamar tsari.