Hydrogen engine, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-Powered

Don kwanan wata, kusan duk duniya ta automakers an rayayye tasowa motoci yanã gudãna a kan tsabta man fetur. Masana sun ce cewa a cikin 15-20 shekaru duniya zai cikakken canzawa zuwa wannan yanayin na sufuri. Duk da yake da jagoranci a wannan harka rike kamfanin "Toyota". Bayan da saki daga cikin shahararrun "Primus" Japan sun yanke shawarar in je kara da samar da karin tsabtace muhalli mota - Toyota Mirai hydrogen-powered. A yau za mu labarin dubi duk siffofin da sababbin abubuwa, da kuma jera amfani ko rashin amfani da yin amfani da hydrogen motoci.

fasalin

"Toyota duniya" - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin na farko Japan-sanya sedans cewa kamfanin yanke shawarar nuna a taro sikelin. Af, da yanke shawarar kiran wannan model Mirai aka barata, domin a Japan yana nufin "Pure Future". A manufacturer iƙirari cewa, da farko samarwa hydrogen Toyota Ba kamar takwarorinsu manyan ikon ajiye, wanda zai zama 480 kilomita. Wannan shi ne quite isa ga amfanin yau da kullum a cikin birnin, kuma ga iyali tafiya mai nisa. Amma kamar yadda na nesa tafiya, duk da haka suka yi a kan irin wannan mota ba zai yiwu. Kuma da tambaya a nan shi ne ba a cikin zane na AMINCI (as ko da yaushe, da Japan sanya mota qualitatively kuma "har abada"), da kuma a cikin rashi na zama dole cika tashoshin. Amma za mu tattauna wannan daga baya.

ban sha'awa gaskiyar

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa "duniya" ba na duniya na farko mota tare da hydrogen engine. "Toyota" An tasowa matasan model na motoci daga 1997, dole. A sa'an nan da duniya jama'a gan farko mota tare da hydrogen engine a cikin nau'i na wani ra'ayi SUV model FCHV. Duk da haka, don gudanar da shi a cikin wani babban-sikelin jerin samar da Japan bai yi kuskure. Mafi sau da yawa, da Jeep za a iya samu a hukumomin gwamnati da kuma kungiyoyin da hannu a cikin gwaji na irin wannan kai. Ba zato ba tsammani, da hydrogen engine hadawa BMW da Toyota. Jamus shiga wata kwangila tare da Japan da injiniyoyi da kuma zuwa 2020 shirya don ƙirƙirar sabuwar aiyukan-friendly sedan BMW hydrogen 7 Series.

Ribobi hydrogen Car

Don fara a kan amfanin. Don fara da, da engine a kan hydrogen man fetur ba emit wani pollutants, sabanin dizal da kuma fetur. Yana da daraja abin lura, da kuma low cost na aiki na da irin wannan kai. A bukatarsa man fetur (hydrogen) za a iya shirya a duka, ƙanana da manyan sikelin. Wannan zai muhimmanci dattako da halin da ake ciki tare da taba-canza man fetur farashin da nagarta sosai ware makamashi da albarkatun a duniya.

Abin yana da disadvantages engine a kan hydrogen man fetur?

Yanzu bari mu magana game da shortcomings. Babban hasara na wannan yanayin na kai ne cewa hydrogen engine ( "Toyota FCV» ciki har da) mafi m fiye da classic dizal da kuma fetur takwarorinsu. Wannan shi ne saboda na musamman sinadaran abun da ke ciki na hydrogen. Af, in ban da fashewa shi ne halin high volatility. Wannan yanayin ƙwarai dagula harkokin sufuri da kuma MOTA KE SHAN MAI motoci tare da hydrogen. Har ila yau, masana sun ce cewa tabbatarwa irin wannan shuka zai zama mafi tsada fiye da misali gyaran dizal ciki konewa engine (saboda da kananan yawan ilmi masana a cikin wannan filin ma'aikata). Kuma, ba shakka, da rashin hydrogen fueling tashoshin. A duniyar kawai 'yan irin wannan amfani a yanzu saboda wadannan motoci ne sosai wuya (musamman a matsayin kakar tare da irin wannan na'ura iya zama tare da taimakon musamman kayan aiki).

wadata al'amurran da suka shafi

Babban matsalar da hydrogen motoci - babu gas tashar, inda suka za a iya refilled. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa duniya mafi dacewa lantarki da motoci, kamar yadda suke caje daga talakawa bango kanti, kuma ko da a kan tafi, idan akwai hasken rana panel a kan rufin. Amma samar da hydrogen tashoshin riga samun lokacinta. Mun riga sani na da tsare-tsaren da za a gina 20 irin tashoshin a California. Idan tallace-tallace girma, yawan gas tashoshin zai ninka. Af, wannan jiha da aka zaba ba tare da dalili - shi yana farawa a California zai fara tallace-tallace na hydrogen "Toyota". Amma tallace-tallace da za a tattauna daga baya a cikin labarin, amma a yanzu, bari mu duba a waje na sababbin abubuwa.

zane

Bayyanar wani sabon "Toyota Mirai" ne sosai ban sha'awa. Nan da nan ya kama da ido m m "gaban" tare da mai kauri m damina da kuma slanted fitilolin mota. grille - wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa mafi karami, kuma bai isa a kula kashi a waje. Amma ko da a kan irin wannan karamin yanki na roba, da Japan gudanar ya sanya ta kasuwanci logo, sanya a Chrome style. Motar na da kyau gilashin yankin. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na Gilashin motan. Da direba ba zai ji "matattu zones" tun da dukan abubuwan da suka faru daga kẽwayen yanzu a bayyane a duba. The jiki yana da biyu kusurwa da kuma m, da nata irin Lines. Duk wannan ya sa bayyanar da sedan ne sosai sabo ne, ta zamani, da kuma musamman.

ciki

A ciki na abin hawa idan kumbon sama jannati - taro na mashiga, nuni, na'urori masu auna sigina da wani kaya. Mene ne ban sha'awa, da Japan yanke shawarar ba kashe kudi a kan ci gaban biyu ciki layout zabin - for Turai da kuma na cikin gida kasuwa. Matsalar da tuƙi permutation suka yanke shawarar sosai kawai Ta ajiye dukkan muhimman bayanai kayan a tsakiyar wata torpedo. A saka fanel sosai a kusa da Gilashin motan, kuma miƙa fadin nisa. Far daga mata, sanya wani m on-jirgin kwamfuta, wanda aka sanye take da ginannen browser aiki. Kasa shi akwai wani nuni. A rabo biyu m iska. A wannan ne duplicated a kan kowane gefe a cikin madubi, kawai tare da Chrome edging a cikin kusurwa. A matuƙin jirgin ruwa kuma sanye take da ramut button. Gearshift ƙurma a cikin gida a can - mafi kusantar amfani a CVT ko atomatik watsa. A jawabai suna sanya a kofa, kazalika da lantarki taga iko mashiga. A matuƙin jirgin ruwa yana da wani dadi riko. A general, ciki layout ne sosai ergonomic. Kuma ko da a duk da da yawa daga mashiga (musamman idan akai la'akari da cewa da rabi daga cikinsu touch), ya ba dora tare da ba dole ba abubuwa da kuma wasu har ze gintsẽwa.

fasaha halaye

"Toyota" samar mota tare da hydrogen engine ciwon manyan samar da iko. A ikon shuka, bisa ga masana'antun, za 153 horsepower, wanda shi ne isa ga wannan aji na mota. A kan wasu injuna ba magana Japan, da kuma, mafi m, kasuwa zai zo daya kawai gyara na sababbin abubuwa daga 153-karfi tsabtace muhalli naúrar. A hydrogen engine ( "Toyota Mirai" for 2015) gudanar a ranar musamman man fetur Kwayoyin. Ciki da karshen dauki daukan wuri, tare da sa hannu na hydrogen da oxygen. A sakamakon sinadaran hulda samar da wani iko makamashi da cewa habaka wani lantarki mota.

Kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma aiki halin kaka

A manufacturer ce da tsauri halaye na Toyota tare da hydrogen engine ne ba daban-daban fiye da su fetur takwarorinsu. Hanzari daga sifili zuwa "daruruwan" da aka kiyasta a 9 da dakika. A lokaci guda, injiniyoyi lura a low cost tafiya. tank cika Price da 1 kilometer zai kasance kawai 10 aninai. Saboda haka, domin fitar da wani mota da ɗaya da ɗari kilomita, kana bukatar ka ciyar kawai 10 daloli. A mota iya cika kawai 5 minti.

Kamar yadda engine ne a guje a kan hydrogen?

Lalle ne, kowane daga cikin mu yi tunani game da manufa na aiki na naúra. To, bari mu dubi yadda na hydrogen engine zahiri.

Babban tuki karfi a baya wadannan inji shi ne wani electrochemical janareta (a fetur cell). A Japan shi ne ake kira FC Tari. Ciki da electrochemical janareta dauki auku wanda results a cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka na hydrogen. A lokacin wannan lokaci samar da ake so makamashi, to, wanda aka mika wa m baturi. A karshen daukawa fitar da aiki daga wutar lantarki, wadda take kaiwa cikin mota a mataki. A irin sharar generated hydrogen engine? "Toyota duniya" sane kira tsabta inji saboda ta shaye bututu ci gaba ba m gas da kuma talakawa ruwa.

Yana da dukan sosai, amma akwai wani karfi da cewa ya hana ci gaban wannan yanayin na sufuri. Babban matsalar shi ne cewa man fetur masana'antu tafiyar matakai domin hydrogen motoci a halin yanzu underdeveloped da bukatar manyan tsabar kudi ciyarwarsu. Musamman a lokacin da samar hydrogen aka gyara an amfani kamar ci, kuma methane. Suna sosai dauke da ƙazantar da yanayi, da kuma sabõda haka ku yi hankali don amfani da wadannan injuna saboda "kiyaye muhalli" ba. Hakika, daga konewa na sharar habaka da (ruwa mai tsabta), amma domin shirya shi, shi ne zama dole muhimmanci ganimar da yanayi da datti da kima. Saboda haka, mafi kuma mafi kwararru neman maye gurbin ciki konewa engine yanzu a hasken rana Kwayoyin.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da hydrogen ba ya kasance a wani musamman irin na man fetur da cewa za a iya amfani ne kawai a kan daya irin engine. Nazarin ya nuna cewa wannan samfurin ne quite yiwu a yi amfani da classic Motors da ciki konewa injuna. Duk da haka, bayan da irin wannan dauki, akwai sakamakon. Gaskiyar cewa hydrogen da konewa a wani ciki konewa engine allocates kawai 1/3 na makamashi da cewa shi zai nuna a mai na musamman naúrar. Duk da haka, injiniyoyi sun iya gyara wannan rashi. Godiya ga modified ƙonewa tsarin yadda ya dace da irin injuna ba rage, sai dai ta ƙara kusan 1.5 sau da al'ada, yin wannan aiki mafi m man fetur da kuma m zuwa muhalli da kuma kudi ra'ayi.

Amma duk da haka da matsala da aka lura aka ba kawai a yankin na yadda ya dace. Idan ya dace da injiniyoyi sun iya kara ta inganta da ƙonewa tsarin, da matsaloli, irin su high zazzabi na konewa jam'iyya, bawuloli da pistons burnout, su iya jimre. Af, in ci gaba da aiki, hydrogen da yake iya maida martani tare da sauran aka gyara na engine, ciki har da lubricated. Kuma ba tare da shi da engine sosai da sauri sa fita. Bugu da kari, domin ta hydrogen volatility iya shiga cikin shaye da yawa , kuma akwai kunna. Game da Rotary ciki konewa engine, su ne a sakamako mai sauki tsarin da kuma wani nisa tsakanin haraji ne mafi m ga irin wannan a matsayin babban man fetur. A wannan tambaya, ta yaya da hydrogen engine za a iya daukan rufe.

The kudin

Bisa ga manufacturer, "Toyota Mirai" mota tallace-tallace a fara a cikin bazara na shekarar 2015. A farko, da sabon abu zai kasance samuwa ne kawai a kan kasuwannin gida, kuma a lokacin rani da shi zai bayyana a Turai da kuma Amirka kasuwanni. A lokacin da na fara farashin hydrogen "Toyota" ne 57,5 dala dubu. Bugu da kari, kamfanin yayi saya wannan mota aro tare da wata-wata biyan 500 na dalar Amurka. A bonus ne da ikon yantar MOTA KE SHAN MAI a mota domin a shekara a gas tashar, California.

Duk da yake babu wani gasar a tsakanin Japan hydrogen motoci "Toyota". A meree, don haka shi za a yi har zuwa 2016. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin Maris 2016 kasuwa zo da wani sabon hydrogen mota Honda FCV. Amma yadda rare shi ne, ba mu hango ko hasashen, kuma jira har sai da farkon tallace-tallace na sababbin "Toyota ta duniya."

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, da muka samu dalilin da ya sa ya kasance haka na musamman da kuma yadda da hydrogen engine. "Toyota" - daya daga cikin na farko automakers, wanda tsanani tunanin don fara taro samar na ta "tsabtace muhalli samfurin". Duk da haka, ya zuwa yanzu ba a warware matsalar da gas tashoshin da wani mai rahusa hanya zuwa nuna hydrogen, kamfanin ne mai wuya ya jira wani babban rabo mai girma a sayar da wadannan inji.