Pre-masana'antu jama'a

Yau, sananniyar tarihi rarrabuwa amfani da wasu iri na tattalin arziki tsarin. Wannan rarrabuwa ne tarihi na abubuwan da suka faru a cikin nau'i na sarkar. Links ne: gargajiya (pre-masana'antu) al'umma, masana'antu da kuma postindustrial al'umma.

A karshen lokaci ya bayyana tsarin, da babban rawa a samar da sharing na ilimi da kuma bayanai ne aka gudanar da kwakwalwa da kuma harkokin sadarwa. Industrial jama'a ne da farko sarrafa. A wannan tsarin, don samar da kayayyaki amfani engine fasaha da kuma samar da makamashi. Da ayyukan da pre-masana'antu al'umma ne inextricably nasaba da ganima. A tsarin tattalin arziki a cikin wannan harka dogara ne a kan noma, kamun kifi, farauta, da gandunan daji. Pre-masana'antu al'umma ne ma hannu a samar da iskar gas, da man fetur, da kwal da sauran albarkatun.

A cewar masana, a cikin gargajiya zamantakewa da tattalin arziki tsarin da ya kamata a classified a matsayin wani zaman jama'a kungiyar daga lokacin m dayansu ga juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin marigayi 18th karni.

Pre-masana'antu al'umma (ta fuskar tattalin arziki) iya dogara ne a kan noma (duka tsohon Rasha, ko zamanin da na Sin tsoho Masar Company). Wannan zamantakewa da kuma tattalin arziki tsarin da za a iya dogara ne a kan dabbõbi (duka nomadic da Khazarian The Turkish mutane). Pre-masana'antu jama'a na iya zama da kama kifi. Wannan shi ne hali da ga ~ ar teku ne musamman arziki a kifi.

Daya daga cikin siffofin na gargajiya jama'a ne mamayar da rarraba bisa zamantakewa matsayi (redistributive dangantakar). Wannan za a iya gani a siffofin daban-daban: a Karkasa jihar (kamar yadda a zamanin d Misira, China, Mesafotamiya), wani baƙauye al'umma (as a Rasha).

Ya kamata a lura da cewa redistributive dangantakar ba ne kawai alamar cewa characterizes rai na pre-masana'antu (gargajiya) al'umma. Hakika, irin wannan dangantaka aka mamaye, duk da haka, a lokaci guda, akwai kuma kasuwa. A wasu lokuta, kasuwar dangantakar iya ko yi da wani abu wuri, da ciwon da wani gagarumin tasiri a rayuwar mutane. A lokaci guda, cinikayya an rage wa kunkuntar kewayon kaya, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da abubuwa na aristocratic alatu. A tsakiyar zamanai, gidan haya, samu duk dole a daga waliccinsu, ya sayi thoroughbred dawakai, tsada da makamai, kayan ado.

A social gefe na gargajiya al'umma ma na da ƙayyadaddu. A mafi salient alama na da irin wannan tsarin ne kawai da wani sirri da aka makala to kowane redistribution. Wannan aka nuna a cikin na'urorin haɗi na kowane mutum zuwa wani tawagar a lura da rarraba, kazalika dangane da "dattawan" (a matsayi, asalin, shekaru).

The mulki daga zaman jama'a na gama zuwa wani yana da wuya. Tare da wannan shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci ba kawai ga matsayi na dukan ajin a cikin al'umma, amma kuma da cewa wani mutum ne da daya ko wata ƙungiyar. A matsayin misali, amfani da matsayi da kuma caste rabuwa tsarin.

Alal misali, a {asar India, caste ake kira rufaffiyar ƙungiyar mutanen da suka tafiyar da wasu tsananin mallakan ta wuri a cikin al'umma.

Rayuwa a cikin aji tsarin wajen tsananin kayyade. Wannan tsarin na rabo a cikin al'umma ya hali na pre-neman sauyi Rasha.

Wani muhimmin rarrabẽwa ga rabuwa yana dauke da wata al'umma. Ga ne definition amfani da za'a fadada ma'ana. By al'umma da ake nufi ba wai kawai da baƙauye jam'iyya, amma kuma da m alliance Gabas, Turai fatake guild, craft shop, kuma tir da thieving hukumomi, da sauransu.

Tsarin siyasa a gargajiya al'umma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya monarchical. Ko a zamanin da da kuma tsakiyar zamanai ikon da ke cikin hannun nobility.