Solovetsky wurin zama: kwanan wata, dalilin

A tsakiyar karni XVII aka alama a cikin rãyuwar Rasha Orthodox Church, wani muhimmin taron - da addini da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon. Its effects sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a Rasha ta m tarihi. Unifying al'ada gefe bauta, kuma haka taka muhimmiyar rawa, ta ne dalilin na addini sãɓãni kawai sabõda cikin al'umma. A mafi daukan hankali bayyana mazaunanta kuwa shi ne yunkuri na da Solovetsky sufi, mai lakabin Solovetsky wurin zama.

Dalilin garambawul

By tsakiyar XVII karni a cikin coci rayuwa na kasar akwai bukatar yin wani canji a cikin liturgical littattafai. Kasance, a wannan lokaci a yi amfani da shi ne jerin tare da fassarorin na zamanin d Girkanci littattafai, ya zo Rasha tare tare da kafa Kiristanci. Kafin zuwan bugu, suka kofe da hannu. Sau da yawa a cikin aikinsa copyists yi kuskure, kuma a karnoni da wani gagarumin bambanta rarrabuwar daga asali kafofin.

A sakamakon wannan - Ikklesiya da kuma sufi da limaman da daban-daban management hukumar ayyuka, duk yin su a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Wannan Jihar harkokin iya ba ci gaba. A sakamakon haka, sabon fassara daga Girkanci, sa'an nan replicated da bugu da aka yi. Wannan tabbatar uniformity gudanar a ranar su coci ayyuka. All baya littattafai da aka ayyana da inganci. Bugu da kari, da envisaged gyare-gyare da canji a cikin hukumar ta giciye. Tsohon - biyu yatsunsu maye gurbinsu da uku yatsunsu.

Fitowan na coci tsaga

Saboda haka, garambawul shãfe kawai na al'ada gefe na Church ta rayuwa ba tare da shafi ta yaudarar part, amma dauki na da yawa yadudduka na al'umma shi ne musamman korau. Akwai wani tsaga tsakanin wadanda suka amince da gyare-gyare, da kuma ta mabiyin husũma, sun yi da'awar cewa kafa ta sababbin abubuwa halakar da bangaskiya ta gaskiya, sabili da haka suka zo daga Shaiɗan.

A sakamakon haka, da dissenters la'ane sarki Nikon, wanda a nuna ba su zamani haramun. A yanayin ya dauki wani ko mafi tsanani nuna saboda gaskiyar cewa, sake fasalin bai zo ne kawai daga sarki, amma kuma da kaina da Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (mahaifin Bitrus I), sabili da haka jure shi ne mai tayarwa gāba da gwamnatin, don haka shi ya kasance kullum a Rasha bakin ciki sakamakon .

Solovetsky wurin zama. Brief game da ta haddasawa

Duk da Rasha na lokacin da aka embroiled a rikicin addini. Tawaye, kira Solovki wurin zama - amsa mazaunan located a tsibirin na White Sea Solovetsky sufi ƙoƙarin tilasta wa mahukuntan tushen a cikin shi da shigarwa na wani sabon garambawul. Yana fara a 1668.

Don pacify m tsibirin a kan May 3 ya sauka a detachment a karkashin umurnin sarki musketeers Volokhova mahukunta, amma aka ya gana da bindigogi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sufi da aka kafa a nan ba kawai a matsayin ruhaniya cibiyar, amma kuma kamar yadda mai iko tsaron gida tsarin - wani outpost a cikin hanyar Swedish bazuwa.

Solovetsky wurin zama wakilta ga gwamnatin mai tsanani matsalar da cewa duk mai rai a cikin sufi sufaye, kuma akwai 425 mutane, yana da isasshen soja fasaha. Bugu da kari, a kawo musu kayan da aka soma, bindigogi da kuma babban yawa daga ammonium. Tun a cikin hali na Swedish kewaye kare za a iya yanke daga waje duniya, a cikin cellars na sufi da aka yaushe kiyaye manyan kayayyaki na abinci. A wasu kalmomi - dauki wani sansanin soja da karfi da aka ba aiki mai sauki.

A shekara ta farko da ta kewaye da sufi

Dole ne mu biya haraji ga gwamnatin, shekaru da dama, shi bai riƙi hukunci mataki da kuma sa ido ga wani m sakamako. Complete kawancen na sufi da aka kafa, wanda a yarda kare to restock guzuri. Bugu da kari, sun hadu ne da yawa wasu dissenters daga manoma, da kuma tsira da tawaye Stepana Razina, wanda ya kawai kwanan nan aka mur. A sakamakon Solovetsky wurin zama daga shekara zuwa shekara ta ne samun sabon magoya bayan.

Bayan shekaru hudu da ata yunkurin karya da juriya da 'yan tawayen gwamnatin aiko mafi yawa soja samuwar. A lokacin rani na 1672 a tsibirin komai a fili 725 musketeers karkashin umurnin mahukunta Ievleva. Saboda haka, a gefe na kewaye sansanin soja bayyana outnumbered, amma ko da ya ba su ba da wani kyakkyawan sakamako ba.

Intensification na tashin

Last dogon, ba shakka, zai iya ba. Duk da dukan ƙarfin hali na kare sufi, Solovetsky wurin zama a cikin masu wanzuwa, tun ba shi yiwuwa a ware, ko da wani babban rukuni na mutane, don su yi yaƙi da dukan jihar na'ura. A 1673 da umurnin sarki ya kashe tawaye a White Sea isa gwamnan Ivan Meshcherin - mutane da karfi da kuma m. Ya yi wani m umarni ya dauki mafi yawan aiki matakai don sa kawo karshen zuhudu kai-nufinsa. Tare da shi zo da wani, da kuma ƙarfafa.

A matabbatarta matsayin precipitated muhimmanci rincabewa. Voivod ya kafa a total kawancen na sansanin soja, yankan kashe duk tashoshin sadarwa tare da waje duniya. Bugu da kari, idan a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda tsananin frosts a cikin hunturu, yaƙi ya kewaye da aka cire da kuma maharba suka tafi gaban idon ruwa a Sumy kurkuku, a yanzu da kawancen dade duk shekara zagaye. Game da shi Solovetsky wurin zama hana su abincinsu yanayi.

Ƙoƙarin sufi hari

Ivan Meshcherin ya da wani gogaggen da kere yaki da kuma shirya da kewaye da dukan dokokin na soja art. Around ganuwar da sufi manyan bindigogi da batura da aka shigar, da kuma sanya shi karkashin tono hasumiyar. Suka sanya da dama yunkurin hadari da sansanin soja, amma sun kasance tsãwace. A sakamakon aiki tashin da kuma kare da besiegers sha wahala gagarumin hasarori. Amma matsala shi ne cewa gwamnatin da ya iya zama dole don cika da asarar da sojojin da kare ba su da shi, da kuma lambar da aka kullum ragewa.

Cin Amanar, wanda ya zama cikin hanyar shan kashi

A farkon 1676 an sake dauka da m a cikin sufi, amma shi ya kasance m. Duk da haka, kusa da lokacin da za bisani aka shi a cikin nasa jaruntakar Solovetsky wurin zama. Kwanan wata Janairu 18, ya zama wata black rana a cikin tarihi. A m mai suna Teoctist nuna gwamnan Mescherinovu m nassi, wanda zai iya shiga cikin sufi. Ya bai miss da damar da ya yi amfani da shi. Ba da da ewa maharba tawagar karya a cikin kagara. Dauka ta hanyar mamaki da kare sami ikon samar da isasshen juriya, da kuma da yawa ne aka kashe a wani gajeren amma m yaƙi.

Waɗanda aka rai, jiran cikin bakin ciki rabo. Voivod ya wani tashin hankali mutumin, da kuma bayan wani gajeren fitina shugabannin tawaye da kuma ta aiki mambobin hukuncin kisa. A wasu ƙare kwanakinsu da m jails. Wannan ƙarasa sanannen Solovetsky wurin zama. A dalilan ya sa shi - ecclesiastical gyare-gyare da m gwamnati manufofin da nufin ta aiwatar, zai taimaka mafi sabani a cikin rãyuwar Rasha tsawon shekaru da dama.

Girma da kuma fadada daga cikin Old Muminai

A wannan lokacin, akwai dukan sabon kashi na al'umma kira Old Muminai, ko in ba haka ba - Conservatives. Biyã da gwamnati, za su je zuwa trans-Volga gandun daji, da Urals da Siberia, da kuma biyar musu da bin sawun - dauki da son rai da mutuwa a cikin wuta. Qaryata ikon sarki da ikon hukuma coci, wadannan mutane kallafad da rayuwan su adana cewa gane da "zamanin da taƙawa." Kuma ko da yaushe wani misali domin su zama m sufaye na sufi kan White Sea.