The asalin da kuma tarihi na gudun kan

Gudun kan samo asali a Scandinavia a tsakiyar zamanai. Ko da a cikin records a 1700 ya bayyana jinsi a kan kayan gudun kan outdid juna bayan wagering. Wadannan sun yiwuwa na farko gasar.

Hukumance, tarihin gudun kan fara ne a cikin ma'aikatar tsaron Norway. Athletic mallaki kayan gudun kan karfafa recruits a ski kungiyoyin. Hans Emahuzenom a 1733 da aka buga na farko wa'azi ga sojojin a kan ski horo tare da wasanni nuna bambanci. Kasance na farko da dokoki na ski gasa, wadda aka gudanar a 1767 domin daban-daban na ganawa da na yanzu slalom, biathlon, gudun kan da downhill. Top 'yan wasa da aka bayar da. Don inganta giciye-kasa gudun kan a Oslo a 1814, za mu gudanar da wani wasanni da kuma soja review na kasar fararen hula.

A arziki tarihi na gudun kan, da suka fara a Norway, samu wani m ci gaba a duk manyan kasashe na duniya. Bayan shirya a 1877 da farko Norwegian ski wasanni jama'a domin shekaru 20 a duk faɗin duniya suna da ciwon kama wasanni clubs. A farko kwarewa dauki kan Finland, a 1883 - Hungary, 1891 - Austria da kuma Switzerland a 1803 - Jamus da Italiya, a 1895 - Sweden da kuma Rasha, a 1900 - Amurka da kuma Bulgaria, a 1902 g - Ingila, a 1912 - Japan.

Babban taimako ga gudun kan sanya Arctic explorers: .. Adolf Nordenskiöld a 1883-1884 biennium, Fridtjof Nansen a lokacin miƙa mulki ga ski fadin Greenland a 1889, Roald Amundsen a 1910-1911, a kan wani balaguro zuwa Kudu iyakacin duniya, inda mahalarta sun fiye da 2,800 kilomita a kan kayan gudun kan. A cikin marigayi XIX - farkon XX ƙarni. gasar ta fara a kai a kai da za'ayi a cikin dukan manyan kasashe na duniya. Duk da haka, shugabanci na ci gaban nau'in a cikin kasashe daban-daban da aka daban-daban. Norway ya samo asali leaps, tseren giciye-kasa da kuma biathlon. A Finland, ci gaba da aka gudun kan a filayen. Mountain ra'ayoyi ne m, a mai tsayi kasashen. A Amurka, da ci gaban wasanni specialization rinjayi Scandinavian natsuwa. Ski yankin, a karkashin tasirin da kocina daga Austria, aka gudun kan a Japan.

New tura tarihi na gudun kan tsiwirwirinsu bayan kasa da kasa Ski Congress, tare da sa hannu na 10 kasashe a 1910, a Oslo. Kafa a nan International Ski Hukumar aka sake tsarafa a 1924 a cikin International Ski Federation (FIS) an rayayye gudanar da Duniya ski gasar, ciki har da dukkan nau'o'in. A 1924, na farko Winter gasar wasannin Olympics a 1926 - Duniya Championship, da kuma a 1928 - da jami'o'i.

A ci gaba da gudun kan a Rasha

Rasha tarihi na gudun kan fara ne a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Rasha da 'yan wasa na dogon lokaci a matsayin mai kyau a matsayin waje, saboda ci gaban da aka jinkirin, ski darussa darussan kasance mafi nishadi. A farko gasar ya faru Fabrairu 13 1894 a St. Petersburg. A Moscow kulob din wasan na (MCL) ya bayyana a 1894 da kuma a cikin shekarar farko kunshi kawai 36 members. Ski mabiya bayar da shawarar da su so a Moscow da wasu birane, jawo wa da darajõji sabon aiki members. Club "iyakacin duniya Star" a St. Petersburg ya na gaba don cimma su.

Saboda babban kudin wasanni kayan aiki ƙofar talakawa a ski kulob din ya samuwa. Duk da halittar sabon ski kulake a St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Smolensk, Tula da kuma sauran birane a farkon XX karni. gudun kan ba zai iya samun m rarraba a Rasha. Kawai bayan kafa a 1910 na Moscow league lyzhebezhtsev (MLL), wanda ya kawo tare 10 clubs nan da nan, kuma da sannu kafa na All-Rasha Union of wasan na ya kara yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa, da kuma damar da za su Co-ordinate da motsi na ski kasar.

Don kwanan wata, halin da ake ciki tare da gudun kan Rasha ne matuƙa, daban-daban. Yana za a iya amince dangana ga taro wasanni, musamman ski yankunan. Our 'yan wasa suna shan wani aiki sashi a cikin dukan manyan gasanni, da kuma a kan daidai da shugabannin gasa ga lambar zinariya.

Halayyar iri gudun kan

A gudun kan hada downhill gudun kan, giciye-kasa gudun kan a kan nisa na daban-daban tsawo, da kwace (tseren da tsalle) tsalle. Conventionally irin gasa a giciye-kasa gudun kan za a iya raba arewacin jinsin, mai tsayi jinsunan, maras tauyewa, kuma snowboarding.

Northern jinsin kunshi giciye-kasa gudun kan, ski tsalle, orienteering, ski biathlon ko Nordic hada. Mai tsayi jinsunan - cewa shi ne duk abin da ya sa gudun: slalom, giant slalom, downhill, Super Giant Slalom, mai tsayi gudun kan a hade. Kira maras tauyewa downhill gangara tare da yin amfani da abubuwa tumbling da rawa gudun kan. Snowboard - wani lõkacin saukarsa a kan wani musamman jirgin.

Akwai kuma irin wannan nau'i na gudun kan yadda biathlon, skitour, ski Tours, ski orienteering, ski da hawa dutse. Gudun kan dada bambancin da arziki a cikin daban-daban jinsunan. Duk za a iya zabar wa kansu da shiriya, da za su sadu da bukatun su da kuma basira. Bugu da kari, shi ne wasan da ya Qarfafa kiwon lafiya da kuma kawo mai yawa fun.