The kafa na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar. Da samuwar da Polish jihar

A ƙarshen IX karni an unknown tarihi, mai suna bayan da Bavarian geographer, ya ruwaito Slavic tribal kungiyoyin da suke zaune a kan bankunan na da Vistula kogin, da Warrings kuma gabaci, kuma aka tsunduma a sararin bayyana a ƙasar Tsakiya Turai. Asalinsu ware Slavic kabilu a yammacin kafofin to suna lechites daga baya a matsayin da suka kasance sunã kira glades, da lakabi na daya daga cikin karfi kabilu. shi ya fito da kafa na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar Mieszko I.

zuri'a

Mutum ya zama ruwan dare kabilan lechites mulki ta hanyar sarakuna waɗanda sunayensu tarihi bai kiyaye su. Modern masana tarihi sun san daya kawai sakon, wadda ke da alaka da pedigree daga cikin shugabannin kabilar glades. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da share tare da jerin nasara ayyukan soji da kuma subordinating makwabta kabilu da kansu, fi son korar daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na rinjãye sunayen su shugabanni, kuma su ci gaba da hadisai a tarihi. A XII karni tarihin Gallus Anonymus rubuce na baka Legends daga cikin shugabanni filin, tun da sun kasance a cikin na da tarihin. Bisa ga m, sarauta a Gniezno Duke Popiel, wanda aka tunkuɗewa. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Semov wanda bai rike da wani babban matsayi a al'umma, da kuma shi ne dan wani sauki plowman Piast. Semov da qaddamar Pyastovichey daular, wanda ya mulki a karfafa Gniezno. Yana da wannan sarkin da suka gãje shi, Lestko Semomysl, kuma ya kasance cikin magabatan Mieszko I.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Mafi m, Mieszko na na kafa da iko ba daga karce. Za ka iya tabbata da cewa tarihi na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar ya fara tun kafin haihuwar sarkin, da kuma tsohon ya'yan sarakuna daular ya riga ya dauka gagarumin matakai don tara wuri ɗaya iko. Mieszko magabatan An haɗe zuwa ƙasar gādon filayen daga makwabta kabilan kuvyan, mazovshan, lendzyan. A shagaltar da yankuna da aka gina garun - Grod. A wasu ƙasashe Grod located a nesa na 20-25 km daga juna, da cewa shi ne, a lokacin da rana ta fada rukuni. Karfi da sojojin da kuma Karkasa management sun hukunci dalilai a fadada da kuma karfafa ikon filin. Amma manyan yankunan, dausayi da kuma m Jungle gandun daji a yarda da nasara da kabilu riƙe babba 'yancin kai. A invaders bai canza hanya ta rayuwa kama da jĩkõki, da kuma al'umma haraji hõre ta a manoma, wanda ya tattara sarkin barorinsa. Saboda haka, ya kafa na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar da yawa a gode mata, ga magabata, wanda a baya biyu karni halitta mai kula da tsarin.

A farkon sarautar da

Mieszko ya dan Semomysla, mahaifiyarsa ta sunan zauna ba a sani ba. A farkon sarautar Dates daga 960, a lokacin da gaba kafa na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar ya fara sarauta a cikin sarauta na Greater Poland a tsakiya na Gniezno. Shekaru goma daga baya, ya kusan ninki biyu a yankin na ƙasar a ƙarƙashin ta iko, annexing da yankin Mazovia, Kujawy Pomerania da Danzig. 982 shekara shi ne ranar da aka ci Silesia, da kuma 990 g a haɗe vislyanskie share ƙasar. Dogayen sanda ci fara shan wani barazana yanayi. A kasashen Turai da kuma kasashen larabawa kafofin, akwai rahotannin mai girma Slavic jihar tare da wani karfi da iko da kuma horar da kyau sojojin. Saboda haka, an zaci cewa Yaren mutanen Poland jihar da aka kafa a cikin X karni, a lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland kamfanoni aka ƙwarai kumbura, kuma Ya ƙarfafã, kuma da Yariman da retinue rungumi Kristanci.

A tallafi na Kiristanci

Ba tare da tallafi na Kiristanci Mieszko na I a 966 shi ba zai yiwu ba da samuwar da Polish jihar. Daukaka da kasashen waje da manufofin na Prince ya kai ga ƙunci dangantakar da makwabta. Sarkin sarakuna Otto da na parried da ƙoƙari na nasara ƙasar clearings lyubushan da Mieszko da na amince da su biya haraji ga wannan gwamna. A daidai wannan lokaci sarkin tasowa da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland-Czech dangantakar. Don ƙarfafa dangantakar da Czech mulki, Mieszko auri 'yar Sarkin Bohemia, Princess Dubravka. Biyu iko da makwabta - Mai Tsarki Roman Empire da Jamhuriyar Czech, yarima kai ga yanke shawarar maida zuwa Kristanci. Baftisma a cikin Latin yanka Prince Mieszko ya dauki a 966 tallafi na Kristanci ba Yunƙurin ga cewa na farko Yaren mutanen Poland jihar aka gane ya Sahaban a Turai matakin.

A hanya na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar

A can farko na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Jihar shagaltar da wani yanki na kimanin 250 sq. M. km. More daidai ba shi yiwuwa, tunda iyakoki na sabuwar kafa kasashe suna kullum canja. Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar da aka tsunduma a aikin noma. A mafi yawan al'ummar kunshi Layer Kmet free manoma. Kmet rayuwa a cikin manyan iyali, kuma unguwa al'ummomi. Bayan da daidaituwa na tribal bambance-bambance tsakanin al'umma sun tsira, da kuma cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa administrative rabo daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland asashe, da kuma daga baya da tallafi na Kiristanci wannan manufa sa a da rabo daga cikin ƙasa a cikin dioceses.

administrative division

The karami administrative rabo daga cikin mataki ya Grodsky District. Ya kasance karkashin iko da wakilan da Prince, wanda ya yi cikakken administrative, soja da kuma shari'a hukumomi. Kiyaye su ambaci hudu irin cibiyoyin a birnin Gniezno, Poznan, Geche da Wloclawek. Wannan shi ne inda soja horo garkuwa-mãsu bãyar da maza a makamai, wanda su ne kashin bayan Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin. Idan dole, sojojin za su kuma daga dukan free manoma. A cewar ta makamai da kuma horar da sojoji na wadannan sojoji ba hanya zuwa ga sojoji na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba retinue, amma an samu nasarar yi amfani da bincike da kuma yaƙin harin. Masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa a farkon na XI karni, jimlar yawan sojojin na Mieszko ya kan 20 dubu. Man.

A tattalin arzikin na zamanin d Poland

Da abinda ke ciki na babban da ingantaccen sojojin da ake bukata a kwari tsabar kudi kwarara. Don a tabbatar da kasar da kuma tsaron kiyayye shagaltar da ƙasashensu, Prince Mieszko da na halitta mai streamlined kasafin kudi inji, wanda aka tsunduma a cikin tarin da kuma rarraba haraji. A haraji da aka biya domin duk yankunan karkara jama'ar na kasar a cikin nau'i na kayayyakin na dabba husbandry da kuma aikin noma. Wani kudi yin amfani ya kasance da rarraba "Jewels" - da dama hakkin to musamman m sassa na tattalin arziki aiki. Regalia kasance: coinage, Mining daraja karafa kasuwanni naúra da kuma Inns, wasu iri farauta. Babban fitarwa abubuwa sun furs, amber da kuma bayi. Amma a karshen karni na XI, da ci gaban aikin noma ya kasance a bukatar akai ambaliya na aiki, da kuma girma da tasiri na coci ta haramta fataucin mutane. Saboda haka, bayan da bawa ya daina zama XI fitarwa kashi, da kuma ƙarshe tsaya gaba ɗaya.

A karshen zamanin Mieszko da na

Kamar yadda a wasu kasashen Turai, da dama zuwa 'ya'yan sarakuna ba kursiyin shige. Duk da haka, da dama daga primogeniture ya ba makale a kan Yaren mutanen Poland ƙasa, suka m saboda gaba tsakanin yiwu contenders zuwa kursiyin. The kafa na Yaren mutanen Poland jihar da 'yan'uwa biyu, daya daga wanda aka kashe shi a yaƙi, da kuma na biyu, Chtibor, aka gudanar da wani babban jami'in post. Mutuwa, Mieszko I bar wani ɓangare na jihar a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin na farko-haife dan Boleslav. Wannan dan tafi a tarihi a matsayin Boleslav Hrabry. The Legacy mahaifinsa, ya aka ɓullo, mai arziki, sararin kasa da girma na kasa da kasa da tasiri. Kuma bayan wani dogon jerin nasarori da ya sha kashi, Boleslav Hrabry ya zama sarki na farko daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland jihar.