Theories na jihar

Tun zamanin da akwai daban-daban theories na asalin jihar da kuma dokar. A farko daga cikin wadannan su: tauhidin, ban ruwa, patriarchal, tashin hankali da sauransu. Daga bisani, akwai wasu: zamantakewa kwangila, m, Organic, yaxuwa, da sauransu.

Wadannan su ne ainihin theories na jihar. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Tauhidi ka'ida. Its wakilan Are Avreliy Avgustin da Foma Akvinsky. Jigon da ka'idar cewa jihar tashi da nufin Allah. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa jihar da kanta da kuma ta har abada cibiyoyin alfarma da kãriya, suka bayyana da kuma soke ko da kuwa da mutum. Gwamnati na nuna nufin Allah a duniya.
• Patriarchal ka'idar. Wakilai daga cikin ka'idar - Aristotle da kuma Confucius. A kasa line ne cewa jihar da aka kafa daga proliferating da kowane tsara iyalai cewa bukatar gudanar da ikon mulkin, wanda shi ne mai ci gaba na uba dalĩli.
• A ka'idar da tashin hankali. Wakilai - Dühring, Gumplowicz. A jihar da kuma siyasa ikon tashi da dalili na ci, da tashin hankali da bauta kana daga cikin kabilan (external tashin hankali). Yana da ya wajaba don sarrafa nasara kabilu. Har ila yau, a jihar tashi a sakamakon ciki da tashin hankali, kamar yadda wani rukuni na jama'a a kan tilas subjugates sauransu. Yana da ya wajaba don fadada yankunan, da tarin haraji, da kiyaye tsari, da ci daga dũkiya.
• A ban ruwa yanki. A manomi ba zai iya yin cikakken amfani da albarkatun da manyan koguna da kansu. Yana da ya wajaba ga shirin yaqi duk da mutanen da suke zaune tare waɗannan kõguna. Kamar wancan tashi tsoho China, Misira da kuma Babila.

Modern asali ka'idar asalin jihar:

• Contractual ka'idar. Wakilai - Denis Diderot, Thomas Hobbes, Dzhon Lokk. A jihar tashi a kan tushen da zamantakewa kwangila. A goyon bayan matsayin da ta wakilan da wadannan dalilai kawo sunayensu ka'idar: mutane na asali su daga m halitta jihar. Daya bai la'akari da wasu da bi ne kawai nasu bukatun. A sakamakon wani "yaki na duk da gabã ɗaya." Domin ya kula da al'umma da zai iya halakar da kansa, wani zaman jama'a kwangila da aka sanya hannu, bisa ga abin da mutane ba har wasu hakkokin domin cimma burin bukatun da rayuwa. Kuma akwai wani jihar tsara don isar da wadannan a raga.
• Organic ka'idar. Wakilai - Herbert Spencer, Plato. A jihar ne idan aka kwatanta da nazarin halittu kwayoyin. Kamar yadda Kwayoyin samar da jiki da kuma mutane jiha. Jihar cibiyoyin ana kwatanta ta da sassa na jiki: mai mulkin da kwakwalwa, kudi da kuma sadarwa tare da jijiyoyi, samar da aiki da kwayoyin, da manoma, da hannunsa. Kawai fittest tsira jihar, kamar yadda a cikin zabin halitta ', suna kullum ana inganta.
• M ka'idar. Wakilai daga wannan ka'idar asalin jihar - Petrazhitsky Freud. A jihar ta taso dangane da shafi tunanin mutum da halaye na mutum, wato, da rauni so da za a kare, da kuma son su yi biyayya da karfi. Karfi so sarauta bisa mutane kuma suna iya subjugate wasu da nufinsa. Jihar ikon da aka kafa daga m, wanda ya kasance daga cikin psychologically karfi mutane - shugabanni da firistoci.

Bugu da kari akwai sauran muhimman ka'idar asalin jihar:

• Incestuous ka'idar. Wakilin - Lawi-Strauss. Society da kuma jihar tashi a sakamakon haramcin lalatar zumunta (lalatar).
• Sports ka'idar. A jihar tashi a sakamakon motsa jiki, wucewa wasan da kuma wasanni a general.
• da kuma sauran theories na jihar.