Tallinn ta Baltic rundunar mika mulki

A cikin tarihi na Great Patriotic War ya shiga taron, wanda ya faru a marigayi Yuli 1941 da kuma karbi sunan Tallinn Baltic jiragen ruwa miƙa mulki. Wannan unprecedented a cakuduwar aiki an misali na ƙarfin hali da kuma selflessness na Soviet seamen.

Ana kirga umurnin

Da Siyasa takardun na 'yan shekarun nan, zuwa farkon Nazi Jamus farmaki Tarayyar Soviet da babban tushe na Baltic jiragen ruwa da aka located in Tallinn. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, da zama dole aiki don ƙarfafa birni da ƙasa da tẽku, aka ba gudanar. Umurnin fatan aka liƙe a kan cewa, saboda su nesa daga jihar iyaka, babban birnin kasar Estonia ba za a kai hari da abokan gaba.

Wadannan lissafin sun nuna bajinta tare da m ci gaba da m na Jamus sojojin, wadda suka sa a cikin na farko kwanaki goma na Yuli 1941 makiya kasance sittin kilomita daga Tallinn, samar, ta haka, hakikanin barazana ne akwai wani tushe na sojan ruwa, da onshore sashe, kuma ba a lokacin da fitad da fararen hula.

Duk da cewa da fitarwa ya quite shakka umurnin da Arewa-Maso-Yamma shugabanci, a karkashin jagorancin Marshal K. E. Voroshilovym, tsoron alhakin, bai yi kuskure ba da ya dace domin, kuma ta haka ne, lokacin da aka rasa. Saboda wannan dalili, da fitarwa na Baltic rundunar jiragen ruwa da kuma sojojin ƙasa da makiya kawancen, a cikin abin da suka kasance sunã fara karkashin nauyi maƙiyi wuta. Wannan aiki da aka shiga a cikin tarihi na yaki kira Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn.

A kokarin da makiya, da nufin kamawa Tallinn

The m gaba na Jamus sojojin da aka sa ta Hitler ta umarni, m a halin kaka don hana fasakwauri Army da Baltic rundunar jiragen ruwa zuwa Birnin Leningrad, shan na abin da yake, bisa ga shirin "Barbarossa", daya daga cikin manyan al'amurra na Jamus umurninSa.

A sakamakon Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn aka za'ayi a karkashin wuta goma sha bakwai manyan bindigogi battalions sa a kan kudancin bakin Gulf of Finland, wadda goyon biyu Finnish baturi. Bugu da kari, da halin da ake ciki da cika fuska wuya da wani gagarumin yawan minefields, nuna a hade da Jamus da kuma Finnish navies kuma Maritime maƙiyi jirgin sama. Yana wakiltar wani tsanani hadari da Finnish torpedo masu saro, aiki a bay yankin.

The domin an m

Wadannan kwanaki, soja masana kiwata da yawa tambayoyi daga umurnin shirin, a kan tushen da Tallinn miƙa mulki. Bunich Igor Lvovich - sanannen Rasha marubuci, tarihi da kuma publicist - a cikin littafinsa kishin abubuwan da suka faru daga waɗanda shekara, kusantar da hankali ga baro sauti dabaru don amfani ga nassi na duk jiragen ruwa a tsakiyar tashar.

Babu shakka cewa da zarar ya kasance zurfi isa kuma dace da takara a mika mulki jirgin ruwa na soja Kirov, amma me ya sa sauran kotuna, wanda ya muhimmanci kasa da ruwan sama, da shi da aka haramta amfani da sauran fairways - shi ne m. Saboda haka, rundunar jiragen miƙa for yawa kilomita, da kuma samar da kariya daga teku da kuma iska sojojin abokan gaba ya kusan ba zai yiwu.

Kamar yadda evidenced a cikin littafinsa Igor Bunich, Tallinn mika mulki da aka za'ayi tare da mummunan karancin minesweepers. Saboda wannan dalili, mine bincike a cikin dace girma ya ba da aka yi, da kuma bay yanki lanci a mutum hadari saboda da dimbin al'ummar Jamus da kuma Soviet sojan ruwa mahakar.

Ƙaddarãwar, shirya rundunar umurnin

A cikin wannan shirin ci gaba da ma'aikatan na aiki, Tallinn mika mulki yana zuwa a za'ayi kamar haka: gaban da aka sanya a detachment daga cikin manyan sojojin, ya aka bi ta wata cover jiragen ruwa, da rearguard, da kuma rufe da hudu ãyari ayarin. Kafin kowane rukuni, daga jirgi da shirya kai wani aiki, da nasara aiwatar da ke rayuwa a kan sauran sakamako na harka.

Total da ɗari biyar jiragen ruwa dauki bangare a cikin aiki. A detachment daga cikin manyan sojojin karkashin jagorancin jirgin ruwa na soja "Kirov". Ya aka bi ta hudu hallaka, biyar submarines, wannan adadin na minesweepers da kuma babban adadin torpedo, sintiri jiragen da sauran. Shi ne mai detachment na Babban jiki.

A cover tawagar hada da uku hallaka, hudu submarines da jirage na dalilai daban-daban. Rearguard kunshi uku hallaka, uku sintiri jiragen ruwa da kuma jiragen. Su kula kasance hudu ayarin, kunsha na babban yawan kaya jiragen ruwa shari daban-daban kayayyaki da kuma mutane. Bugu da kari to waɗannan kwanoni, da aiki da hannu a manyan yawan ƙarin rakiya jiragen ruwa.

The yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin teku, da farko asara

Tallinn mika mulki fara a farkon safe watan Agusta 28, a lokacin da warships kuma transports aka umurce su da su je da matsanancin harbor. Duk da haka, su m gaba hana buga fita a kan cewa rana hadari, tare da wani karfi arewa-iskar gabas. Kawai marigayi da rana yanayin inganta da kuma kotun, duk da mãsu nauyi manyan bindigogi wuta na abokan gaba, sun fara sake gina a tafiyar domin.

A zahiri daga farko minti na yaki da teku mahakar shiga masunta, kullum sãme su da su Paravani - musamman tsara don wannan manufa na'urorin, kuma trawls. Amma bay aka haka cushe da mahakar cewa jirgin da aka ba kullum gudanar a lokaci don kauce wa wani taro tare da su. A sakamakon wannan rana wadanda ke fama da Nakiyoyin da ya fara tara surface jirgi da biyu submarines.

Yamma da kuma dare cike da ban tsoro

A rana ta farko na tafiya cikin jerin gwanon transports kuma sau da yawa hõre manyan bindigogi wuta da makiya, wanda aka gudanar da maida, amma ga wani wadãtar. Game 20:00 aka gani Finnish torpedo jirgin, kai wani rapprochement tare da Soviet kotuna, amma m wuta cannons, koro su kafin su kai nesa da wani torpedo harbi. Tã asarar sha wahala a sakamakon jerin gwanon da harin da makiya da jirgin sama, Kanmu kawai kafin farko na duhu. Hudu Soviet jiragen sun sunk, kuma biyu mafi tsanani da aka lalace.

Amma wani ma fi girma har da halin da ake ciki ya zama mafi rikitarwa da farko na duhu, a lokacin da babban kwansu da kwarkwatansu jirgin yana tsakiyar na mai ɗamfarar fili mai bom. A wannan dare, suka tako a mahakar ya kuma nutse goma sha surface jirgi da daya submarine. Daga su da yawa crews da fasinjoji a jirgin ne kawai 'yan dozin mutane aka ceto.

Ganin halin yanzu halin da ake ciki, kwamandan rundunar motoci da aka tilasta oda duk sauran tasoshin zuwa sauke anga da kuma jira alfijir. A sakamakon wannan farko yaƙin neman zaɓe na dare ya m - ashirin da shida da finjãlai na wadanda suka zo a kan Hauwa'u na ranar Tallinn, aka sunk. Bugu da kari, biyar jiragen ruwa - lalace biyu kama da abokan gaba, da kuma daya samarwar.

Air kai farmaki makiya

Tare da farko haskoki na rana 29 ga watan Agusta, 1941 jirãge ci gaba kan hanyar, amma a kan wannan rana da rabo a kantin sayar da ga su ma fi girma gwajin. Tuni a cikin 5 hours da minti 30 a kan ãyari sun Jamus bincike jirgin sama, kuma daga 7.30 iska hare-hare bi daya bayan daya. Su mita bayar da gudunmawar kusanci bakin teku aerodromes, nesa ba ya wuce ɗaya da ɗari kilomita, da kusan cikakkiyar rashi a cikin sama Soviet jirgin sama.

Kusan ba tare da fuskantar duk wani tsanani maƙiyi wuta, da Jamusanci matukan jirgin sun iya zabi mafi girma da kuma mafi m hari, sa'an nan ya buga su a cikin sanyi jini. A sakamakon haka, daidaici bom 29 ga watan Agusta da aka kara wa baya matattu tukuna goma sha huɗu tasoshin, kazalika da karuwar adadin wadanda cewa an lalace, da ake bukata towing.

Rescue, ceci dubban rayuka

Wannan rana da aka alama ta most yawan wadanda suka jikkata a cikin jirgin, da kuma fasinjoji daga jirgin, wanda hada da evacuees soja ƙasa da sojojin da kuma fararen hula. Duk da haka, a sakamakon taimakon ayyuka a cikin ƙuncin rai aka ceto fiye da dubu tara da ɗari uku da mutane, da kuma game da dubu shida sun iya sauka daga kona jiragen ruwa zuwa tsibirin Hogland. The ƙungiya, musamman tura domin gudanar da aikin ceto na Kronstadt, kazalika da tsibiran Lavensaari da Hogland, iya ajiye dubban rayuka.

Kokarin gane Sanadin da bala'i

Da bayyana dalilai na manyan yawan asarar da cewa tare da Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn, Bunich Igor Lvovich, wani littafin da cewa tattauna a sama, kazalika da yawan soja masana tarihi sun nuna zuwa matsananci gazawarsa na umurninSa, sau da yawa ba da umarni da cewa suna saba wa kowa hankali. Alal misali, da kuma ba tare da cewa paucity na murfin an raunana da oda, mu ci gaba daga jirgin ruwa na soja "Kirov", bisa ga abin da biyu submarines, an umurce, barin ayarin mai gudun aika zuwa Kronstadt, cewa suka yi hukuncin kisa nan da nan.

Sane da cewa a yawan umarni aka shibtarsu da aras gazawarsa na jami'an sojoji na mutum jiragen ruwa, duk da umarnin, da kotu da aka gudanar da kudancin Fairway kuma a amince isa ga makõma, ceton mutane.

Kotun kai da ake so burin

By da yamma a rana ta fari da nauyi jirãge babban ãyari sojojin fara zo a Kronstadt. Har tsakar dare ashirin da tara na su gudanar da nasarar jefa anga a hanyoyi na most tushe na sojan ruwa. Bugu da kari, ko da goma sha shida ya kai wurin da mu sojojin a kan Hogland tsibirin.

30 ga watan Agusta Kronstadt isa singly, a kananan kungiyoyin ko ɗaya da ɗari bakwai da kuma jiragen ruwa. Nan da nan shirya bayarwa na duk tsĩrar da ma'aikatan jirgin, kazalika da sojoji da farar hula a Birnin Leningrad. The rauni aka rarraba a asibitoci, da kuma waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar makamai, aka rubuta ta a raka'a da aka kafa don ya aika zuwa gaban. Saboda haka ƙare Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn, sakamakon wanda ƙyale mu mu sanyã shi a cikin mafi ban tausayi shafukan a cikin tarihi na Soviet sojojin ruwa.

Asarar da jawo wa kansu ga gwamnatin rikon kwarya kwanaki

Duk da cewa a wasu buga wallafe da aka ba wata lambar daban, daga jirgi ya kashe a lokacin da wannan aiki, an zaci cewa akwai sittin da biyu. Wannan adadin shi ne mafi m tare da data samuwa ga masu bincike. Yana hada duka biyu warships da kuma karin da kai tasoshin.

Har ila yau, babu wani yarjejeniya a kan yawan wadanda ke fama. Admiral Tributs, wanda ya umarci a waɗannan shekaru da Baltic jiragen ruwa, ya ce game da dubu biyar mutu a cikin memoirs. Daga cikin rahoton na Stalin, jama'ar kasar Commissar na Navy N. G. Kuznetsova, shi ya bi da cewa akwai mutum dubu bakwai da ɗari bakwai, da kuma hukuma bazawa na Janar Staff shelanta dubu goma. Babu shakka, wannan bayanai ne mafi gaskiya ba, kamar yadda a Soviet sau, aka ɗauke shi zuwa overestimate nasu hasarori.

A ranar tunawa da masifu

Wannan shekara kiwon 75 years of Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn, dangane da wanda hankali da aka kõma zuwa ga jaruntakar shafukan da Rasha tarihi. A watan Agusta, shi ya wuce da dama events na tarihi da kuma m hali, wanda ya samu halartar biyu da Navy Tsohon soji da kuma matasa.

A fuska na kasar zo wannan ban tausayi taron sadaukar da fina-finan. Tallinn mika mulki da aka wakilta, a su a kan tushen da Siyasa takardun da memoirs na mahalarta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Sun gaya game da aikin da aka ba wa Baltic matuƙan. Bugu da kari ga ayyukan Igorya Bunicha, aka ambata a sama, a waɗannan kwanaki, mu aka kawo hankalin masu karatu da sauran littattafai game da Soviet fitarwa na Tallinn.