Yadda za a gina wani airship? Mene ne airship? Kada mu bukatar su a cikin zamani duniya?

Airship (daga Faransa diriger - «iko») - a kai-propelled Flying na'ura, wuta fiye iska. Ya labaru da kuma hanyoyin da za a gina wannan jirgin sama, za mu bayyana daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

tsarin abubuwa

Akwai uku main iri airships: taushi, Semi-m, kuma m. Su duk kunshi hudu main sassa:

• sigar harsashi ko balan-balan cika da gas wanda yawa ne kasa da da yawa daga iska.
• Matuka jirgin ko gondola dakatar karkashin harsashi, wanda aka yi amfani da su safarar ƙungiya da kuma fasinjoji.
• Motors tuki da propellers.
• kwance, kuma a tsaye rudders don taimaka bi da airship.

Mene ne blimp? Wannan balan-balan taksi a haɗe a cikinta via igiyoyi. Idan gas saki, da harsashi zai rasa da siffar.

Semi-m airship (photo an ba shi a cikin labarin) ne kuma dogara a kan ciki matsa lamba, da kula da siffar, amma har yanzu yana da karfe tsarin keel wanda kara longitudinally tare da tushe na balan-balan da kuma goyon bayan da taksi.

M airships ake yi na hur frame sanya daga aluminum gami, an rufe shi da zane. Suna ba shãfe haske. Ciki da wannan tsari ne da dama balloons, kowanne daga abin da zai iya dabam a cike da gas. Aircraft na irin wannan ta riƙe da siffar ba tare da la'akari da mataki na cikar cylinders.

Wanne gas ana amfani?

Yawanci amfani airships ga dagawa hydrogen da helium. Hydrogen ne lightest sani gas da kuma, ta haka, shi yana da manyan iya aiki. Duk da haka, shi ne sosai flammable, wanda shi ne dalilin da yawa m hadarurruka. Helium ba haka ba ne mai sauki, amma shi ne mafi aminci mai yawa, domin ba su ƙone.

Gas dakile farkon airship cylinders sanya na auduga zane impregnated tare da roba, wanda ƙarshe aka ƙwace daga roba yadudduka kamar polyester da neoprene.

Tarihi na halitta

A farko nasara airship da aka gina a 1852 a Faransa da Henri Giffard. Ya halitta a 160-kore tururi engine m wajen samar da wata 3-lita iya aiki. p., wanda ya isa ya fitar da manyan propeller a 110 juyin minti daya. Domin dauke da nauyi na da ikon shuka, shi ya cika 44-mita da kuma hydrogen balan-balan, fara daga Paris filin sukuwa tashi a gudun 10 km / h, BREAKING nesa na game da 30 km.

A 1872, wani Jamus m Paul Haenlyayn farko shigar da amfani a kan airship ciki konewa engine, wanda bauta wa da man fetur da gas daga Silinda.

A 1883, Faransa Albert kuma Gaston Tissandier farko nasarar sarrafawa da balan-balan, wanda aka kore ta wani lantarki mota.

A farko m airship da wani aluminum takardar gidaje da aka gina a Jamus a 1897.

Alberto Santos-dumont, a 'yan qasar na Brazil wanda ya rayu a Paris, ta kafa wani yawan records a cikin jerin gina shi daga 1898 zuwa 1905, 14 da ba m airship powered by ciki konewa injuna.

Count von Zeppelin

A mafi nasara sadarwarka m balan-balan tare da wani engine ya Jamus Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1900, da farko airship. Mene ne LZ-1? Luftschiff Zeppelin, ko jirgin sama Zeppelin - shi ne a zahiri wuya jirgin da kuma tsawon 128 m da diamita na 11.6 m, wanda aka sanya wani aluminum frame kunshi tsaye bim 24 da alaka da mai gangara zobba 16 da aka kore ta biyu Motors, da ikon 16 l. wani.

A jirgin sama zai iya isa gudu up to 32 km / h. Earl ci gaba da inganta da zane a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, a lokacin da da yawa daga cikin airships (kira zeppelins) an amfani da su bombard Paris da kuma London. Aircraft na da irin wannan kuma yi amfani da kawayenta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, yafi ga anti-submarine sintiri.

A cikin 20s da 30s na karshe karni, a Turai da kuma Amurka na ci gaba da gina airships. A watan Yuli 1919, British jirgin sama R-34 sau biyu sanya wani transatlantic jirgin.

Ci na Arewa iyakacin duniya

A 1926, Italiyanci Semi-m airship (photo ba a cikin labarin) "Norway" An yi nasarar amfani Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth da Umberto Nobile Janar zuwa karatu da Arewa iyakacin duniya. A gaba balaguro a kan wani airship, jagorancin Umberto Nobile.

A cikin duka, an shirya yin 5 flights, amma airship, gina a 1924, ya fado a 1928. The aiki mayar da iyakacin duniya masu bincike ya dauki fiye da 49 kwana, a lokacin da aka kashe 9 ma'aikatan ceto, ciki har da Amundsen.

Kamar yadda airship ya kira 1924? Fourth Air sufuri Series N, tsara ta factory da Umberto Nobile a Roma, aka kira "Italiya".

heyday

A 1928, Jamus balloonist Hugo Eckener gina da airship "Graf Zeppelin". Kafin decommissioning, shekaru tara da daga baya, ya sanya 590 flights, ciki har da 144 transoceanic Tsarki. A 1936, Jamus kaddamar yau da kullum transatlantic fasinja a kan "Hindenburg".

Duk wadannan nasarori, a karshen 1930s airships duniya kusan daina nuna saboda su high kudin, low gudun, kazalika da yanayin shigewa daga cikin m weather. Bugu da kari, a jerin hatsarori, cikin shahararrun daga wanda - cike da hydrogen fashewar "Hindenburg" a 1937, guda biyu tare da ci gaba a jirgin sama a cikin 30 na da 40 ta. yi irin wannan kai ne kudi ne wanda aka rabu amfani.

fasahar ci gaba

Gas cylinders na da yawa farkon airships sanya ake kira "fata zolotoboytsa": saniya kuru zaa yi yaƙi da baya, sa'an nan ya miƙa. Halittar daya daga cikin jirgin sama da ake bukata da ɗari biyu da dubu hamsin shanu.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Jamus da kawayenta tsaya samar da sausages, cewa akwai isasshen abu don samar da airships da wanda za'ayi da kai harin bam na Ingila. Ci gaba a masana'anta da fasaha, ciki har da, godiya ga sabuwar dabara a 1839 na vulcanized roba by Charles Goodyear American ciniki, ya sa wani fashewa da bidi'a a cikin airship. A farkon thirties, da Amurka Navy gina biyu "tashi da jirgin sama m", "Akron" da "Macon", wanda ƙwanso bude, sakewa faɗa jirgin sama rundunar F9C Sparrowhawk. A jiragen sun farfashe bayan da aka buga da wani hadari, kuma ba da ciwon tabbatar da fama iyawa.

duniya rikodin ga duration na jirgin da aka kafa a 1937, balan-balan "Tarayyar Soviet-B6 Osoaviakhim". An jirgin sama da aka gudanar a iska 130 h 27 min. Cities ziyarci lokacin airship jirgin - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny da Novgorod.

faɗuwar rana balan-balan

Sa'an nan airships lãlãce. Saboda haka, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" fashe a kan Lakehurst a New Jersey - a wani ball na wuta ya kashe 36 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin. Tashin hankalin da aka yin fim a kan fim, da kuma duniya ta ga German airship fashe.

Mene ne hydrogen, da kuma yadda hatsari ya bayyana ga kowa da kowa, kuma da ra'ayin cewa mutane za su iya matsawa kage a karkashin da damar da wannan gas a nan take ya zama unacceptable. A zamani jirgin sama na irin wannan da ake amfani kawai helium, wanda shi ne maras flammable. Ƙara rare kuma ya zama tattali jirgin sama kamar high-gudun "tashi jiragen" na Pan American Airways.

Modern injiniyoyin da hannu a cikin zane na jirgin sama na irin wannan, sun koka kan cewa har 1999, a lokacin da aka buga a tarin articles game da yadda za a gina wani airship da ake kira "airship fasahar", kawai samuwa littafi shi ne littafin "Aircraft Design" Charles Burgess , da aka buga a 1927

zamani aukuwa

A karshen, airship zanen kaya sun yi watsi da ra'ayin na fasinja da kuma sufurin kaya kai sun mayar da hankali a kan, wanda shi ne bai isa ba, ga yadda ya kamata yi dogo, hanya da kuma teku kai, da kuma daga isar da yawa a yankunan.

Samun lokacinta na farko 'yan irin ayyukan. A cikin seventies, William Miller, wani tsohon jirgin saman soja matukin Sojan Ruwa jiragen ruwa a New Jersey ya samu jirgin iska deltoid siffar kira Aereon 26. Amma da nufin Miller ƙare bayan na farko da gwajin jirgin. Samar da wani samfur kaya jirgin sama bukatar zuba jari sosai, kuma m mai saye ya bai isa ba.

A Jamus Cargolifter AG zo ga shiri na duniya most freestanding gina fiye da 300 m, a tsawon, na wanda kamfanin ya shirya ya gina wani helium Semi m airship kaya. Mene ne ya zama majagaba a fagen aeronautics, shi ya bayyana a cikin 2002, lokacin da kamfanin da aka fuskanci fasaha matsaloli da iyaka kudade, yi domin fatarar kariya. A rumfar ajiye jiragen sama ne dake kusa da birnin Berlin, shi daga baya aka juya zuwa cikin mafi girma a cikin gida ruwa shakatawa a Turai "wurare masu zafi tsibirin."

A bin gasar

Wani sabon ƙarni na zane injiniyoyi, wasu daga wanda suna goyon baya da gagarumin gwamnati da kuma masu zaman kansu zuba jari, mun aminta cewa, ba samuwar sabuwar fasahar da sabon kayan, kamfanin zai iya amfana daga gina airships. A watan Maris shekarar bara, Amurka Majalisar Wakilai ta shirya wani taro da sadaukar da irin wannan iska kai, manufar wanda ya hanzarta aiwatar da su ci gaba.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, ci gaban airships tsunduma a Aerospace Olympics Boeing da kuma Northrop Grumman. Rasha, Brazil da kuma China sun gina ko suna tasowa nasu prototypes. Canada ta kafa wani yawan jirgin sama ayyukan, ciki har da "Solar Ship", wanda yai kama da wani m stealth m da hasken rana bangarori sanya a fadin saman fuka-fuki cika da helium. All suna da hannu a tseren zama na farko da monopolize kasuwa na kaya harkokin sufuri, wanda za a iya auna a biliyoyin daloli. A halin yanzu, da hankali ne kõma zuwa uku ayyukan:

• Turanci Airlander 10, Hybrid Air Vehicles Company - a halin yanzu mafi girma airship a duniya.
• LMH-1, kamfanin "Lockheed Martin".
• Aeroscraft, Worldwide Eros kamfanin kamfanin kafa haure daga Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC balan-balan da hannuwansu

Don tantance matsalolin a yi da jirgin sama na irin wannan, yana yiwuwa ya gina wani airship yara. Its size ne karami fiye da kowane model, wanda za a iya saya, kuma yana da mafi kyau hade da zaman lafiya da kuma maneuverability.

Don ƙirƙirar dada airship bukatar wadannan kayan:

• Uku dada motor yin la'akari 2.5 g ko kasa.
• Pico nauyi na 2 g (msl, DelTang Rx33, wanda, tare da sauran sassa, za a iya saya a cikin na musamman shagunan online, kamar Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC ko Plantraco), powered by guda lithium-polymer cell. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da karfinsu na engine connector da karɓar, ko bukatar da bukatar soldering.
• Watsawa jituwa tare da uku ko fiye da tashoshi.
• LiPo-Mah damar baturi na 70-140, da ta dace caja. Cewa jimlar nauyi ba ya wuce 10 g, baturi zai bukatar har zuwa 2.5, da karin damar baturi zai samar da mafi jirgin duration: a 125 Mah iya zama da sauƙi ta samu nasarar tsawon minti 30.
• A wayoyi a haɗa da baturi ga mai karɓar.
• Uku kananan propellers.
• A carbon sanda (1 mm) da kuma wani tsawon 30 cm.
• Deprona yanki 10 x 10 cm.
• Littafin Cellophane tef, superglue da almakashi.

Kana bukatar ka saya da balan-balan sanya na latex, cike da helium. Dace da misali, ko da wani sauran kaya wanda shi ne akalla 10 D. Don cimma da ake so nauyi da aka kara wa ballast, wanda aka cire a matsayin helium zuba.

Aka gyara an haɗe zuwa shaft da m tef. A gaban mota da aka yi amfani da su matsa gaba, da kuma raya kafa perpendicular. Uku mota ne dake kusa da cibiyar da nauyi da kuma directed zuwa ƙasa. A propeller ne a haɗe da shi kishiyar sashi, sabõda haka, ya iya tura sama da airship. Motors ya kamata a gam da superglue.

Attaching wutsiya stabilizer, za a iya muhimmanci inganta gaba motsi, kamar yadda dagawa propeller a haɗe kananan rotational motsi, da wutsiya na'ura mai juyi ne ma m. Yana iya sanya su deprona da hašawa tare da tef.

Forward motsi dole ne a cika da wani kadan Yunƙurin.

Bugu da kari, da airship iya kafa wani m kamara, misali, a yi amfani da wani key fob.